BOLIVIA TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (TIP) ANNUAL REPORT

UNCLAS LA PAZ 000306 SIPDIS STATE FOR INL/LP, G/TIP, G LAURA PENA, WHA/PPC ADDRESSEE EMBASSIES FOR NAS E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: PHUM BL KTIP ELAB KCRM KFRD KWMN PGOV PREF SMIG KMCA SUBJECT: BOLIVIA TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (TIP) ANNUAL REPORT (2009-2010) REF: 10 STATE 2094 ¶1. (SBU) Embassy La Paz submits the following response to the questions posed in paragraphs 25-35 of the cable guidance (reftel) regarding the 2009 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) report. ¶25. THE COUNTRY'S TIP SITUATION: ¶A. The primary sources for the information contained in this report come from the Bolivian National Police (BNP)-Trafficking in Persons Investigative Units, Public Ministry Prosecutor offices, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),Office of International Migration (OIM) and several other Government and non-government organizations (NGOs) involved in TIP and Victim Assistance Programs. These sources are considered reliable. ¶B. Bolivia remains a Tier Two county of origin and destination for the international trafficking of persons in the area of both sexual and labor exploitation. The current socio-economic conditions and lack of sufficient job opportunities make thousands of Bolivian men, women and children highly vulnerable to the risks of trafficking in persons and related violations. C & D. Criminal trafficking networks and organizations continue to seek their victims among this vulnerable population. Consequently, many people, especially young men, women, and children who suffer discrimination, abandonment, sexual and intra-familiar violence, and/or early responsibility for their family sustenance, find themselves forced to look for alternatives in other places. For this reason, there are a significant number of Bolivian Nationals who annually migrate to neighboring countries in the region. An estimated one million Bolivian immigrants now live in Argentina. Some of these migrants end up as victims of labor and/or sexual exploitation. Thousands of young women are trafficked internally in Bolivia for the purpose of sexual exploitation and prostitution in the cities of La Paz, Santa Cruz and Cochabamba. Studies conducted by the OIM, along with a number of other NGO's, reveal that in Bolivia a significant percentage of the sexual workers, believed to be an excess of 40 percent, are victims of TIP. Investigations and intelligence also indicate that hundreds of businesses are operating in Bolivia illegally, not following existing labor laws, and are exploiting workers, to include, in many cases, minors. Police, customs, immigration reports, and NGO studies show that hundreds of minors under the age of 18 leave the country monthly under suspicious circumstances via seven primary locations along the borders in Bolivia. These border locations are Villazon, Yacuiba, Bermejo, Desaguadero, Puerto Suarez, Cobija and Guayaramerin. These areas are identified by law enforcement and customs officials as areas utilized by traffickers to smuggle children in and out of the country for the purpose of both sexual and labor exploitation. Police and other reporting continue to identify situations where families along the borders between Bolivia and Peru (Desaguadero) are selling and/or renting their children to work in the agricultural fields and mines in Peru. The current selling price of a minor child is reported to be 300 bolivianos, which is equivalent to roughly 40 USD. In some cases, poor families are renting their children for 50 bolivianos per month which is equivalent to 7 USD. ¶E. Information received continues to reveal that every year thousands of Bolivian men and woman move to neighboring countries for job opportunities with the assistance of travel agencies or businesses posing as travel agencies. As part of the alleged travel package, legal papers and housing in other countries are also included. However, many of these cases end in either labor or sexual exploitation situations. Authorities in the region are reporting that some of the cases resulted in Bolivian laborers working under conditions tantamount to slavery in workshops and factories for more than 15 hours a day for little or no pay and living in inhumane conditions. ¶26. SETTING THE SCENE FOR THE GOVERNMENT'S ANTI-TIP EFFORTS: ¶A. The Government of Bolivia (GOB) openly acknowledges that trafficking in persons is a significant problem throughout the country. ¶B. The GOB institutions responsible for addressing the TIP issues in Bolivia are the Ministry of Government, along with the Ministry of Justice and the Public Ministry. All three are moving forward in taking an aggressive role in this area. The GOB --in particular the Bolivian Congress', Human Rights Commission-- has made substantial efforts on the issue by revising and re-writing more effective laws regarding the trafficking of persons and in particular the commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, there has been a marked increase in law enforcement actions against suspected traffickers in La Paz, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, rescuing and assisting trafficking victims, and increasing public awareness regarding the nature and dangers of human trafficking. The Public Ministry (Police and Prosecutors) lead the fight in this area. Local governments are also assigning resources, and are developing procedures for the protection and assistance of trafficking victims through collaboration with municipal authorities and non-governmental organizations. ¶C. The primary limitation of the GOB in developing a sufficient TIP program continues to be the lack of funding for the police forces and other institutions that are charged with this responsibility. The GOB continues to depend on the USG, NGOs and international cooperation for support in these various programs and initiatives. ¶D. Due to its clandestine and irregular nature, TIP violations continue to be difficult to quantify and to monitor systematically. Presently, information regarding these violations remains unreliable, and a national computerized database on the situation of TIP in the country does not yet exist. There is a new initiative, supported by the USG this reporting period, to create a national criminal information system (CDI) that will also track TIP cases in country. Current statistics are maintained independently in each major city by BNP TIP /SIU offices and retrievable through those respective locations. In addition, there are various organizations and NGOs who also attempt to maintain independent statistics relating to their respective projects and interests. ¶27. INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKERS: a. A National Anti-Human Trafficking Council was created in 2005, that was mandated to design and implement policies and laws regarding the issue of trafficking in persons. The Vice Ministry for Gender and Generational Issues has taken the lead on these matters within the Ministry of Justice. The Government of Bolivia penalizes Human Trafficking via Law 3325. The Ministry of Government, including the National Police, Immigration Service, Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Labor, and Sustainable Development, as well as prefectures and municipalities through Defenders of Children, have secondary responsibility in the issue of TIP violations. Law NO. 3160 entitled "Law against the Trafficking of Children and Adolescents" was approved on August 26, 2005 and was the first concrete advance within the GOB to address the issue of TIP violations. A second Law 3325, Trafficking in Persons and Other Related Crimes became effective January 18, 2006 and included important articles regarding Trafficking in Persons, trafficking of migrants, pornography and other related offenses involving minors. This law specifically criminalizes trafficking in persons for the purpose of prostitution and other sexual offenses and provides for terms of imprisonment from 4 to 12 years when the victim is less than 14 years of age. On November 29, 2007, noting the new requirements established under Law 3160, the BNP Command issued orders to the BNP national Force Against Crime (FELCC) requesting the modification of the jurisdictional capacity of the TIP units in the investigation of crimes related to trafficking in persons. With this modification, the units are now capable of investigating: trafficking in persons, corruption of minors, torture corruption, pimping, publications and public displays of obscenity, and slavery. On September 18, 2008 Law 3933 and 3934 went into effect expanding several TIP related areas: LAW 3933- (Important articles) Art 1- Expands the current regulations addressing the registration and diffusion of information regarding kidnapped/missing children. Art 4, 5 and 6- Directs parents, relatives and others with information to immediately report a kidnapped or missing child to the authorities and directs the authorities to take immediate action to investigate and search for the child. Art 9- Directs the Police Headquarters of the BNP to create a national database with appropriate access to all TIPS units, Public Ministry Offices, Departmental Social Services Institution (SEDEGES) and NGOs to assist in the passing and coordination of information regarding missing children. Art 10- Directs the Ministry of Government and the Ministry of Justice to enforce this law. Art 11- Directs the BNP, with support from the Ministry of Government, to open BNP/TIP Special Investigative Units throughout the country. Law 3934- Art 1- Directs the Public Ministry to provide free DNA tests in rape and other sexual abuse crimes where the victims are minors. Art 3- Indicates that the GOB will increase the budget to the Public Ministry to cover the expenses of this law. The new Bolivian Constitution (CPE) passed on January 25, 2009, includes a prohibition of the trafficking and smuggling of persons, of slavery, forced labor and child labor. New draft TIP legislation was submitted before Congress for review during this reporting period. This legislation involves some significant changes in the current law and would expand the capabilities of the police, prosecutors and judges in this area. A synopsis of the major areas covered in this draft legislation follows: 1) A section identified as "Principles and Definitions" provides a description of the fundamentals involved in these crimes and clarifies the essential elements of the law; 2) The law would create several different programs, offices and institutions to address and prevent these crimes, provide assistance to the victims, process the cases, and ensure the police and prosecutors receive adequate training in this specialized area of the law; 3) The law would allow Judges more flexibility to seize the assets of persons and organizations involved in trafficking in persons offenses; 4) With the authorization of a judge, the police and the prosecutors will be able to use undercover agents in their respective investigations; 5) The new legislation would significantly improve and strengthen the law in regard to pornography and corruption of children. The GOB increased law enforcement efforts to target trafficking crimes over this past year. Special anti-trafficking BNP units , supported by the Embassy's Narcotics Affairs Section (NAS),opened a total of 288 TIP cases during 2009 which represents a 21 percent increase over the number of cases during 2008 (from 229). Currently there are four units operating in country (La Paz, El Alto, Santa Cruz and Cochabamba). ¶B. Forcing an individual under 18 years old into prostitution carries a maximum sentence of 20 years imprisonment. ¶C. The GOB law currently relating to Labor Trafficking offenses are the Code of the Child and Adolescent, approved in 1999, that states "children cannot work until they have reached the age of 14." Article 61, Paragraph II of the Political Constitution of the State "Prohibits work and child exploitation", and Law 1942-12-08, The Child and Adolescent Code also speaks directly to the prohibition of children being exploited in the labor market as delineated below. ARTICLE 58 prohibits the work of minors under the age of 14 years, except in the case of an apprenticeship. Minors less than 18 years of age will not be able to contract themselves for work superior to their forces, or for work that could slow down their normal physical development. ARTICLE 59 prohibits the work of women and minors in dangerous, unhealthy or heavy working conditions, and in occupations that would harm their morality and/or moral convention. ARTICLE 60 states that women and minors under the age of 18 years will only be allowed to work during the day with the exception of working in an infirmary, domestic service, and other jobs that will be determined. In addition, the GOB is working to eliminate child labor and related crimes and violations through the funding of its National Plan for the Protection of Child Labor 2000-2010. The Plan's strategic objectives include the reduction of child labor, the protection of workers, and the elimination of the worst forms of this type of labor. However, studies conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) along with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) indicate that there are an estimated 300,000 children in Bolivia between the ages of 7-17 currently working an excess of 48 hours per week. The majority of these children are indigenous and work in the streets as beggars, window washers, and sellers of small items. It is not unusual for an adult, normally an indigenous female, to have a group of 3-5 small children working in an area all day long and providing her with the money they make. These children may or may not be her own. ¶D. Rape and sexual assault continue to represent a serious but often under-reported problem in Bolivia. Law 2033 -"Law to Protect Victims"- defines two types of criminal cases, private and public. In private criminal matters, the victim brings the case against the defendant; in public criminal matters, a state prosecutor files the criminal charges. The Code of Criminal Procedure makes rape and sexual assault a public crime. The law, as modified, criminalizes statutory rape, with penalties of 10 to 20 years for the rape of a child under the age of 14. In cases involving consensual sex with an adolescent between 14 to 18 years of age, the penalty is two to six years' imprisonment. Forcible sexual assault of an adult is punished by sentences ranging from four to ten years imprisonment. Sexual crimes against minors are automatically considered public crimes in which the state presses charges. ¶E. As mentioned above, the GOB/BNP investigated a total of 289 cases involving trafficking in persons, which is a 26 percent increase over the number of TIP cases investigated the previous year (229). The cases are broken down as follows: BNP/Special Investigative Units: La Paz - 81 cases (+52 percent) El Alto- 67 cases (+22 percent Cochabamba- 68 cases (+28 percent) Santa Cruz- 73 cases (+7 percent) Total: 289 (+26 percent) Of these 289 cases, 183 remain in an investigative status, either with the police and/or prosecutors after initial criminal charges were filed: seventy nine cases have been dismissed due to lack of sufficient evidence; ten are in the initial charging phase; five are in trial; four in transit to another district; and seven adjudicated with three pleas and one guilty verdict and three suspended with a period of probation. The charges in these 288 cases involve the following TIPS related criminal violations: - Trafficking of Human Beings - Kidnapping of Minors - Improper Kidnapping - Corruption of a Minor - Corruption of an Adult - Pimping - Pornography - Domestic Servitude During the investigation of these 289 TIP cases, the BNP was able to rescue 287 victims of trafficking (VOTs). The average age of these rescued victims was 13-16 years old, and all were involved in sexual exploitation circumstances. In addition, there have been 1882 cases of missing and/or kidnapped children reported during this period, a two percent increase from last year. La Paz- 358 (-41 percent) El Alto-410 (+48 percent) Santa Cruz-415(-29 percent) Cochabamba-699(+84 percent) To date, 1458 of these cases were solved with the children returned to their respective families, and 424 still remain missing. ¶F. The GOB in conjunction with the USG and other regional counterparts, provided several training courses to both BNP and prosecutors in the areas of trafficking in persons and human rights during this reporting period. Several conferences, seminars and educational initiatives addressing both TIP and VOT issues were sponsored by the USG/NAS during 2009, to include the First International Trafficking in Persons Conference that was attended by over 200 representatives from Bolivia and the surrounding regional countries. The USG is working closely with the UN and the OIM in both trafficking in persons and victims assistance programs. The USG, at the request of the GOB began an initiative to open an additional 6 BNP Special Investigative Units along the frontiers with Brazil, Argentina and Peru. Each unit will have a BNP supervisor and five investigators dedicated to TIP issues at the borders. The Public Ministry assigned GOB prosecutors to support the investigative work of these new TIP units. A two- week extensive TIP training course was provided to these newly commissioned investigators and prosecutors by the NAS. ¶G. The GOB, specifically the BNP and Prosecutor's offices, works closely with regional counterparts addressing common international TIP issues. Currently, plans are in place for a NAS-sponsored Second Annual International TIP Conference scheduled for March 2010 in La Paz. This conference will address joint regional border TIP issues with emphasis on the coordination of international investigations and prosecutions of these violations. ¶H. There have been no extraditions of TIP violators this reporting period. ¶I. No evidence has come forth during this reporting period that GOB officials and/or representatives have been involved in or tolerate the Trafficking in Persons. ¶J. N/A ¶K. Prostitution is legal for adults age 18 and older in Bolivia. Brothel owners/operators, along with clients and pimps, are legal under the law when operating within the guidelines and restrictions of the code. These laws, however, are not rigorously enforced in Bolivia. ¶L. N/A ¶M. Although prostitution is legal in Bolivia for persons of 18 years or older, the country is not identified as a child sex tourism location. ¶28. PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS ¶A. The GOB has assigned resources and is developing procedures for protecting and assisting victims of trafficking through collaboration with municipal authorities and NGOs. Law 2026, Code of the Child and Adolescent has established GOB entities for the protection of minors, to include government commissions and the Ombdusman Office. Article 5 clearly establishes the rights of minors as does Article 7, 9 and 14. ¶B. There are existing shelters available for VOTs in country. Some are equipped to provide medical and psychological care; however, in general, there is not enough space for the numbers of VOTs which remains a problem and significant issue. Little re-integration training is currently available to these victims, something that is being addressed in new GOB/USG TIP initiatives. As an example, the Department of La Paz has a shelter for victims of trafficking. It currently houses 36 young girls aged 13-16 and is being directly supported by the NAS. In addition to infrastructure and administrative support, NAS has constructed a computer training laboratory within the facility and provides scheduled classes for these victims as part of a re-integration program. A second shelter sponsored by the Catholic Church is located in the city of El Alto and also supported by the NAS victim's assistance program. This shelter houses 16 young girls all of whom have babies as a result of sexual exploitation. Currently, the NAS has contracted with two Bolivian professionals to coordinate and implement the National Victims Assistance Program. Several new initiatives are underway that involve training and awareness programs nationwide. ¶C. In 2007, the District Attorney office in Santa Cruz created a temporary shelter for VOTs at their Special Victims Unit office. The special victims unit (SVU) investigates and prosecutes crimes involving the trafficking of persons, sexual and family abuse and exploitation. During this reporting period a total of 1260 cases were handled by this SVU. Of these, 73 were TIP related, the remaining 1187 involved family abuse cases, most of which were rape and assault against children. The SVU has five full-time prosecutors, a group of six National Police investigators (FELCC) along with a full-time doctor, psychologist on staff who work directly providing support and medical assistance to the victims. The facility has a small shelter utilized during the investigative and prosecution phase of the cases. The USG continues to provide both technical and financial support to this unit, which is being promoted in country as an example of successful collaboration of services for VOT's. ¶D. There are no dedicated GOB programs in place to provide immigration relief to VOT's from other regional countries. The GOB makes minimal efforts to support repatriated VOTs. It does not provide direct financial assistance or medical aid; however, several shelters have relationships with local medical personnel to provide care to these VOTs when appropriate. A program is also being implemented by the OIM in this area. ¶E. No long term shelter for VOTs is available through GOB projects or support. However, privately funded faith based shelters do exist in Bolivia that offer VOT's extended residence while providing them with re-integration training. ¶F. A GOB program is in place to transfer VOTs that have been involved in minor criminal offenses to local shelters, rather than being incorporated. This program is targeted primarily at minor children since no juvenile detention facilities exist within the judicial system in Bolivia. ¶G. No national statistics are available for the recording of VOTs in country. ¶H. The GOB currently does not have a formal system in place to identify victims of trafficking among high-risk persons. The police, however, are well aware of the frequency involving minor females being recruited and/or trafficked to work in the legal sexual work force in Bolivia. In many cases, these minors end up working in sexual exploitation circumstances. As a result, the police frequently are involved in investigation and raids of brothels resulting in the rescue of VOTs. ¶I. The rights of VOTs are generally respected and they are not treated as criminals. However, not all GOB officials and police are well trained in identifying TIP victims. In many departments of Bolivia there are no shelters or protection programs for these VOTs. The representatives working in National Victim/Witness Assistance Programs are meeting with GOB and NGO organizations in hopes of providing needed services to victims of sexual and labor exploitation. ¶J. The GOB, in particular the BNP and Prosecutor offices, encourage victims to assist in the investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases. Victims can also file civil and criminal suits under current law; however, they typically do not take action because of their inability to afford private counsel and fear of reprisals from the criminals. NGO International Justice Mission (IJM) provides free legal assistance to these victims of trafficking on a case by case basis. ¶K. No specialized training in the identification of TIP victims is provided by the GOB; however, the USG along with other NGOs provide training, seminars and educational information to police, prosecutors and the general population regarding TIP and other human rights related crimes. ¶L. The GOB has no dedicated program in place to provide assistance to its nationals who are repatriated as victims of trafficking. ¶M. A number of international organizations, both public and private, work with, and/or provide direct support to the GOB to provide assistance to the victims of trafficking. Many of these organizations provide financial assistance, technical support, prevention campaigns, support shelters, education and information campaigns throughout Bolivia. ¶29. PREVENTION: From an international perspective, the GOB ratified a protocol during 2005 that provides protection, prevention and sanctions for violations involving trafficking in Persons, especially women and children. The GOB is also a signatory of the 2000 Palermo agreement that defines crimes involving trafficking in persons and agrees to provide appropriate laws and regulations to address this crime within Bolivia and to work with international partners to address this worldwide issue. ¶A. The GOB, through the collaboration of NGOs, international organizations, and local organizations continues to raise public awareness of the dangers of trafficking of persons by presenting many anti-trafficking seminars and education campaigns. The GOB continues to publicize the laws against trafficking in persons, and provides guidance to the public on how they can help combat this problem through their work with identified NGOs, international organizations and local governments. Public awareness on TIP issues and the dangers traffickers pose is increasing in Bolivia because of these various educational initiatives. The Ministry of Justice has also been active in providing guidance and information regarding the problems and dangers of TIP violations, along with suggestions on methods to prevent them. The USG, in conjunction with the GOB and several NGOs and international organizations, has sponsored a number of TIP awareness and educational initiatives that have reached tens of thousands of children and other public and private individuals. The BNP's Special TIP Investigative Units continue to target brothels involved in the sexual exploitation of minors. ¶B. There are currently no formal GOB programs in place to monitor immigration and migration patterns for evidence of trafficking along the border areas of Peru, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Paraguay. The law enforcement officials present at these border locations do not actively screen for potential VOTS during their official activities. However, action has begun for NAS to provide assistance to the GOB in the development and implementation of six additional special TIP investigative/prosecution units along the frontier areas of the country. These new units will specifically target the TIP violations taking place in border locations. ¶C. The Ministries of Government and Justice, along with the BNP and the Immigration Service, Customs, Office of Foreign Affairs, Labor and Sustainable Development, as well as the prefectures and municipalities, are legally responsible for handling different aspects of anti-trafficking efforts. The Ministry of the Presidency, via an inter-institutional committee, has overall responsibility for trafficking matters. Several working groups are specifically targeting TIP issues. One is the Trafficking in Persons Council that includes representatives of several ministries, along with invitees from several NGOs and civic organizations, all of which are involved in these issues. The second working group is directed by the Congress and its participants, including lawyers, judges, and members of the BNP along with several NGOs. The USG, in conjunction with representatives from the GOB Congress, Senate and several ministries, are currently meeting to create and implement a more aggressive national TIP strategy in Bolivia. One example is the draft legislation that was completed this reporting period and submitted to Congress for review. ¶D. The GOB's Supreme Decree 28343, that was signed on September 12, 2005, created the Inter-Ministerial TIP Commission. A ministerial-level entity was tasked with the coordination of all governmental actions regarding trafficking in persons. The ministerial-level and subgroups at the vice ministerial level met and provided terms of reference for a consultant to create a National TIP Action plan, which was issued in January 2006. The GOB contracted a consultant to design a five year "National Strategy to fight Trafficking in Persons and the Illegal Trade of Immigrants in Bolivia 2006-2010." This plan was funded through a grant from the USG, with support of IOM and the Ministry of the Presidency and is scheduled to be reviewed and updated this coming year. The GOB, especially the police and prosecutors offices, work very closely with organizations such as IOM, IOB, United Nations, the USG and other Embassies and NGOs, in furtherance of the development of a successful TIP Program in Bolivia. Prostitution is legal in Bolivia for persons 18 years or older. However, the GOB is aware of, and targeting, those organizations and businesses that continue to recruit and exploit minors to work in this area. ¶F. Bolivia is not now, or has ever been identified as a child sex tourism location. The GOB has not taken any action to eliminate the commercial sex trade for those individuals following the guidelines under the law. However, significant problems remain, relating to the use and exploitation of minors in the legal prostitution industry in Bolivia. Estimates indicate up to 40 percent of the all persons working in the sex trade in Bolivia are exploited minors. Police and intelligence sources continue to report that many Bolivian minors are being trafficked across the international borders of surrounding countries for both sexual and labor exploitation purposes. ¶G. All GOB troops involved in peacekeeping missions are provided with human rights training, which includes the issues relating to minors involved in both sexual and labor exploitation violations. NOMINATION OF HEROES AND BEST PRACTICES ¶30. Partnerships: -- A. The GOB is working closely with regional partners to develop an international strategy targeting the issues of trafficking in persons. Several major initiatives are underway, to include a International Trafficking in Persons Conference, to be hosted by the GOB in March 2010, which will specifically address the TIP problems currently taking place at the border areas of the country. Included in these initiatives will be an information sharing program to assist in both the investigation and prosecution of persons and organizations involved in these TIP related crimes. -- B. N/A ¶31. N/A ¶32. N/A ¶33. N/A ¶34. (U) HEROES: ¶35. (U) COMMENDABLE INITIATIVES: The GOB Human Rights Commission has taken the lead in addressing the TIP and Victim Assistance issues in Bolivia. The president of this commission authored the new draft TIP legislation submitted before the GOB for review and approval. If passed, this new legislation will provide the police, prosecutors and courts the capabilities to be more successful in the investigation and prosecution of persons and organizations involved in the trafficking of persons, and related human rights offenses. TIP POC at Post is Gwendolyn Llewellyn/NAS Deputy Director and/or Daniel E. Moritz, Senior Law Enforcement and Justice Advisor; (591-2) 2785811. The following officers contributed to the preparation of this report: -Gwendolyn Llewellyn/NAS Deputy Director/FS-01 -Daniel E. Moritz/NAS Senior Law Enforcement & Justice Advisor/FS-01 -Dr. Milton Andrade/NAS LES Advisor/FSN-10 -Patricia Viscarra/ECOPOL LES Legal Advisor/FSN-12 It took 36 hours to complete the report. Creamer