CAMEROON: TIP TIER 2 WATCH LIST ACTION PLAN

UNCLAS STATE 111403

SENSITIVE
SIPDIS

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: KTIP PREL KCRM KWMN PHUM SMIG CM
SUBJECT: CAMEROON: TIP TIER 2 WATCH LIST ACTION PLAN
(2009-2010)

REF: A. A. 2008 STATE 132759

B. B. 2007 STATE 150188

C. C. 2009 STATE 005577

D. D.2009 STATE 62182


1. (U) this is an action request (see paras 2-4).


2. (SBU) Begin action request: Drawing from points in para
8, Post is requested to approach appropriate host government
officials to highlight the United States' strong commitment
to continue to work with the Government of Cameroon to help
strengthen its efforts to combat and prevent trafficking in
persons (TIP) and to assist victims. Post is requested to
convey the recommendations in para 9 as a non-paper and draw
from the talking points in para 8 to explain to the host
government the need for prompt action on the first set of
recommendations for a positive review in the interim
assessment that the Department will release to Congress by
February 2010 and for movement out of the Tier 2 Watch List
in next year's Report. Additional recommendations are also
included in para 9 to aid the host government in making
progress in its overall anti-TIP efforts. The notes
indicated in brackets in the action plan are for post,s
background only and may be omitted from the non-paper. The
&Implementation Guidelines8 referenced in the action plan
notes are contained in reftel B. These guidelines provide
guidance to posts on how the Minimum Standards of the
Trafficking Victims Protection Act, as amended, (TVPA) are
implemented, and have been cleared by regional bureaus.


3. (SBU) Action request continued: Post is further
requested to emphasize to the Government of Cameroon that the
first set of recommendations is designed to help remedy the
specific shortcomings identified in the 2009 TIP Report that
resulted in the placement of Cameroon on the Tier 2 Watch
List. These recommendations are often referred to as
"high-priority" items for Tier 2 Watch List removal. However,
sustained and significant anti-trafficking efforts by the
government throughout the year will remain the basis for
determining next year's tier placement. The interim
assessment for Special Watch List countries (to include Tier
2 Watch List countries) will provide a progress report
regarding the government's actions to address the short list
recommendations designed to address the concerns that
resulted in the country's placement on the Tier 2 Watch List
in the 2009 TIP Report (high-priority items),but there will
be no changes in tier ratings at that time. We will
reconsider the government's tier placement when we conduct
our annual full assessment for the March 2009-2010 reporting
period next spring.


4. (SBU) Action request continued: The Department
recognizes that Post may choose to use this opportunity to
provide additional recommendations, beyond the
recommendations for moving out of the Tier 2 Watch List. In
such a case, we request that Post make clear to the
government which are the "high-priority" items to move off of
the Tier 2 Watch List. The non-paper in para 9 includes both
"high-priority" recommendations for Tier 2 Watch List removal
and further-reaching goals for longer-term success in
combating trafficking in persons in all 3 P areas:
Prosecution, Protection, and Prevention. (For posts,
background information: G/TIP will be asking for posts to
report on the country's progress in meeting these
recommendations by no later than November 15, 2009, in order
to compile narratives for the interim assessment.)


5. (SBU) In preparation for the interim assessment and 2010
TIP Report, the Department is asking posts to work with host
governments throughout the year to collect as many statistics
as possible on law enforcement actions and judicial
proceedings related to TIP crimes, specifically the
Department requests data on investigations, prosecutions,
convictions, and sentences (e.g., fines, probation, length of
prison sentences imposed, asset seizure information when
available). Whether a government collects and provides this
data consistent with the government's capacity to obtain such
data is considered in determining whether the government
qualifies for Tier 1. Law enforcement statistics, when
available, are a good way of highlighting how well a
government enforced its law and demonstrates strengths and
weaknesses in various approaches. Please note that host
governments and embassies must interpret data terms provided
by host governments such as indictments, charges, cases
disposed, cases submitted for prosecution, etc., to ensure
that they fit into one of the following categories:
investigations, prosecutions, convictions or sentences.

The Department cannot accept "trafficking-related" law
enforcement statistics (e.g, statistics on prostitution or
smuggling offenses) because their direct correlation to
trafficking crimes is not clear. The Department will accept
only law enforcement data that fall into the following
categories: (1) investigations, prosecutions, convictions,
and sentences for offenses that are explicitly defined as
trafficking; and (2) investigations, prosecutions,
convictions, and sentences for offenses that are not defined
explicitly as trafficking but in which the competent law
enforcement or judicial authority has specific evidence
indicating that the defendant was involved in trafficking.


6. (SBU) The Department is also asking Posts to engage with
host governments on efforts to address amendments made by the
2008 Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act
(TVPRA). As indicated in reftel C, the TVPRA of 2008
contains a provision requiring that a country that has been
included on Tier 2 Watch List for two consecutive years after
the date of enactment of the TVPRA of 2008 be ranked as Tier

3. Thus, any automatic downgrade to Tier 3 pursuant to this
provision would take place, at the earliest, in the 2011 TIP
Report (i.e., a country would have to be ranked Tier 2 Watch
List in the 2009 and 2010 Reports before being subject to
Tier 3 in the 2011 Report). The new law allows for a waiver
of this provision for up to two additional years upon a
determination by the President that the country has developed
and devoted sufficient resources to a written plan to make
significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with the
minimum standards.



7. (SBU) Please keep in mind the TIP Report measures host
government efforts. In order for anti-trafficking activities
financed or conducted principally by parties outside the
government to be considered for tier placement purposes, Post
needs to demonstrate a concrete role or tangible value-added
by a host government in such activities carried out by NGOs,
international organizations, or posts.


8. (U) Background Points:

Begin talking points:

-- The Obama Administration views the fight against human
trafficking, both at home and abroad, as a critical piece of
our foreign policy agenda. We are committed to making
progress on this issue in the months ahead by working closely
with partners in every country.

-- The U.S. Government's Trafficking Victims Protection Act
requires the State Department to submit an annual report to
Congress on the status of foreign governments, efforts to
combat trafficking in persons. Pursuant to the Trafficking
Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003 (TVPRA),the
Department created a special category for Tier 2 countries
that do not show increasing efforts from the previous year,
have a very significant number of victims, or whose Tier 2
rating is based on commitments to take additional steps over
the next year.

-- Also as mandated by the TVPRA, by February 2010 the
Department will submit to Congress an interim assessment. At
the end of 2009 in preparation for that submission, the
Department will conduct an assessment of Tier 2 Watch List
countries' progress in responding to the specific issues of
concern that resulted in the Tier 2 Watch List rating.

-- Cameroon was placed on Tier 2 Watch List in this year's
Report because the U.S. Government determined there was a
lack of evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms
of trafficking in persons from the previous year.

-- We offer the following recommended actions (Action Plan
for the Short-term) to tackle specific shortcomings
highlighted in the 2009 TIP Report. We believe these to be
within the reasonable ability of your government to fulfill
in the near-term and encourage you to take prompt action for
a positive narrative in the interim assessment. New tier
evaluations will not occur at the interim assessment. We
will reconsider a government,s tier placement when we
conduct our annual full assessment for the 2009-2010
reporting period next spring. Prompt, appropriate, and
significant actions will lead to a more favorable tier
placement; conversely, failure to address the issues
mentioned above may lead to a Tier 3 placement.

-- We would welcome the Government of Cameroon,s comments on
these recommendations and any other ideas you might have to
advance our common struggle against trafficking in persons.

-- In addition to the short list of recommendations
corresponding to our concerns that resulted in your
government,s placement on the Tier 2 Watch List in the 2009
TIP Report, we offer additional suggestions of actions that
your government may choose to take (Action Plan for the Long
term). These further measures would be in addition to
Cameroon,s continuation of its current efforts to combat
trafficking in persons.

End talking points.


9. (SBU) Begin Action Plan for Cameroon:

Action Plan for the Short-Term: The following are recommended
measures for a positive interim assessment in January 2010
and in the broader assessment of government efforts during
the reporting period:


1. Increase efforts to prosecute, convict, and punish
trafficking offenders. While Cameroonian
law prohibits child trafficking and forced labor of adults,
these laws are not yet well enforced.

This item may be accomplished by increasing police
investigations of areas where trafficking occurs and
collaborating with prosecutors and NGOs to collect
information to locate, arrest, and prosecute suspected
traffickers. Law enforcement officials should focus their
attention on areas where children are working in domestic
servitude, forced street vending, and forced labor in
sweatshops, bars, restaurants, mines and in agriculture.
Authorities should also investigate brothels and bars where
children may be in prostitution. These efforts should be
complemented by mechanisms to refer children identified as
trafficking victims to appropriate protective services.

Progress on this item will be measured by an increased number
of reported prosecutions and convictions of trafficking
offenders.


2. Develop and implement formal procedures through which
law enforcement and victim protection
officials may systematically identify trafficking victims
among vulnerable populations, such as women and girls
in prostitution, street children, and illegal
immigrants.

Currently government officials, such as police and social
welfare authorities, who have contact with these vulnerable
populations, do not screen them to identify trafficking
victims among them. Ensure that these authorities follow
specific procedures to screen these populations to identify
trafficking victims and refer them to NGOs for care.

Such officials should be made aware of the following facts:

a. According to the UN Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons,
children in prostitution are considered to be victims of
trafficking where a third party facilitates, or profits
from, this exploitation even absent evidence of the use of
force, fraud or coercion. A child is defined as any person
below the age of eighteen.

b. Street children may be trafficking victims who
have escaped their traffickers and are now fending for
themselves on the streets. Children selling commercial items
or drugs on the street are also sometimes forced to do
so by traffickers.

c. Individuals appearing to be Illegal immigrants
may actually be trafficking victims who have been
brought across a transnational border by traffickers though
force, fraud, or coercion.

Progress on this item will be increased reports of
trafficking victims identified and provided with care by
Cameroonian authorities.


3. Investigate reports of hereditary involuntary servitude
in the Northern Province.


4. Adopt a comprehensive integrated anti-TIP plan

II. Action Plan for the Long-Term: Other measures the
government should consider to boost its overall
anti-trafficking efforts:

Prosecution:

-- Continue to develop a centralized crime database to record
the number of trafficking cases investigated and the number
of suspected traffickers arrested, prosecuted, and convicted
in Cameroon. For those convicted, the database should record
the length of sentences imposed.

-- Incorporate into the national law enforcement curricula a
course on trafficking. The course should cover techniques
for a) investigating trafficking cases; b) arresting
traffickers and collecting evidence for their prosecution; c)
rescuing victims and referring them for care; and d)
interviewing victims to obtain testimony for prosecution.

Protection:

-- Consider developing a trafficking victim database that
records the number of victims identified by police and
referred to NGOs for care. The database should, to the best
extent possible, record the type of trafficking the victim
experienced, the age and gender of the victim, and the place
of origin of the victim.

-- Increase efforts to interview rescued victims of
trafficking in order to gather evidence to assist in
prosecution of their traffickers. Ensure that victims are
interviewed in a timely manner before they return to their
countries of origin.

-- Pass a TIP law which covers trafficking in adults.

Prevention:

-- Seek increased collaboration with the Governments of
Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, Congo, Benin,
and Niger to combat trafficking of children from these
countries to Cameroon.

-- Increase efforts to raise public awareness about
trafficking through radio broadcasts and visits by government
officials to communities throughout Cameroon to educate the
population about these crimes.

End Action Plan.


10. (U) Department appreciates post's continued assistance
and efforts in the fight to eliminate trafficking in persons.
CLINTON