MUGHRABI GATE: FROM UNESCO'S EXECUTIVE BOARD TO THE SEVILLE

C O N F I D E N T I A L PARIS FR 000766 SIPDIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 6/08/2019 TAGS: PREL UNESCO KWBG JO IS SUBJECT: MUGHRABI GATE: FROM UNESCO'S EXECUTIVE BOARD TO THE SEVILLE WORLD HERITAGE MEETING REF: (A) PARIS FR 000319 (B) AMMAN 000669 CLASSIFIED BY CDA STEPHEN ENGELKEN. FOR REASONS 1.4 (B) AND (D). ¶1. (C) SUMMARY: ARAB STATES ARE LIKELY TO RAISE ONCE AGAIN AT THE JUNE 22-30 WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE MEETING IN SEVILLE ISRAEL'S PLAN TO RECONSTRUCT THE ASCENT TO THE MUGHRABI GATE ON JERUSLAEM'S TEMPLE MOUNT. THE DECISION ADOPTED AT UNESCO'S APRIL 2009 EXECUTIVE BOARD REQUESTS THAT THE DESIGN OF THE RAMP "BE INCLUSIVE OF ALL PARTIES CONCERNED," "AFFIRMS THE NECESSITY OF COOPERATION IN ORDER TO ARRANGE ACCESS TO THE MUGHRABI ASCENT SITE," AND "REAFFIRMS THAT THE PROCESS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE MUGHRABI ASCENT, WHICH ALLOWS FOR THE TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION OF THE DESIGNS SUBMITTED . . . IS STILL UNDER WAY." END SUMMARY. ¶2. (C) UNESCO'S APRIL 14-30 (181ST) EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING WAS DOMINATED ONCE AGAIN BY CONTENTION BETWEEN ISRAEL ON ONE HAND AND JORDAN AND THE PALESTINIAN OBSERVER DELEGATION ON THE OTHER OVER ISRAEL'S PLAN TO RECONSTRUCT THE RAMP LEADING TO THE MUGHRABI ASCENT ON JERUSALEM'S TEMPLE MOUNT, A WORLD HERITAGE SITE. THINGS BEGAN ON A DIFFICULT NOTE. UNESCO DIRECTOR-GENERAL MATSUURA (JAPAN) ASKED DEPUTY DIRECTOR-GENERAL MARCIO BARBOSA, UNESCO'S MEDIATOR ON THIS ISSUE IN PAST BOARD MEETINGS, TO STEP ASIDE. MATSUURA FELT BARBOSA'S WELL-KNOWN AMBITION TO ENTER THE RACE TO SUCCEED MATSUURA AS DIRECTOR-GENERAL WHEN THE LATTER'S TERM EXPIRES NEXT AUTUMN WOULD CAUSE MANY TO INTEPRET HIS ACTIONS AS POLITICALLY MOTIVATED AND COULD BRING HIM INTO CONFLICT WITH EGYPT, WHICH WAS CAMPAIGNING HARD TO HAVE ITS CULTURE MINISTER, FAROUQ HOSNI, ELECTED TO UNESCO'S TOP JOB. MATSUURA'S DECISION, HOWEVER, LEFT A BIG HOLE THAT WAS DIFFICULT TO FILL. THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF THE BOARD SESSION WAS SPENT IN AN EFFORT TO FIND A MEDIATOR ACCEPTABLE TO BOTH SIDES. AFTER REJECTING PROPOSALS THAT THE JAPANESE AND SWISS AMBASSADORS UNDERTAKE THE ROLE, ISRAEL FINALLY AGREED TO ACCEPT CANADIAN AMBASSADOR GILBERT LAURIN. JORDAN AND PALESTINE POSED NO OBJECTION, AND EVENTUALLY AFTER SEVERAL DAYS OF HESITATION THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT AGREED TO PERMIT LAURIN TO DO THE JOB. ¶3. (C) LAURIN DID HIS JOB WITH EXEMPLARY PROFESSIONALISM. IT WAS NOT EASY. JORDAN ARGUED THAT THE ISRAEL-JORDAN PEACE TREATY GAVE IT RIGHTS ON THE TEMPLE MOUNT AND THAT DECISIONS BY THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE AT ITS 2007 MEETING IN CHRISTCHURCH AND ITS 2008 MEETING IN �A;QUEBEC GAVE IT THE RIGHT TO VISIT THE SITE, TAKE DETAILED MEASUREMENTS, AND PRESENT A RIVAL PLAN TO THE PLAN ISRAEL IS DEVELOPING. JORDAN ENVISIONED REFERRING BOTH ISRAELI AND JORDANIAN PLANS TO THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE WHICH WOULD SELECT THE BEST. WHICHEVER ONE WAS CHOSEN, JORDAN WOULD PAY FOR ITS CONSTRUCTION. JORDAN DRAFTED A PROPOSED DECISION WHICH WOULD HAVE ALLOWED FOR IT TO DO THESE THINGS. ¶4. (C) ISRAEL STRONGLY OBJECTED TO JORDAN'S INTERPRETATION OF ITS RIGHTS UNDER THE ISRAEL-JORDAN PEACE TREATY AND OF PAST WORLD HERITAGE DECISIONS. ISRAELI AMBASSADOR KORNBLUTH TOLD CDA ENGELKEN THAT THERE COULD BE NO QUESTION OF ISRAEL ACCEPTING LANGUAGE THAT WOULD CALL INTO QUESTION ISRAEL'S SOVEREIGNTY AND CONTROL OVER ALL OF JERUSALEM. ISRAEL COULD, THEREFORE, NOT AGREE TO TWO PLANS, AND IT COULD NOT AGREE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES THAT JORDAN WOULD PAY FOR CONSTUCTION OF WHATEVER RAMP IS EVENTUALLY BUILT. KORNBLUTH ADDED THAT ISRAEL FELT THE JORDANIAN DEMAND TO TAKE MEASUREMENTS OF THE SITE WAS A RED HERRING. JORDAN, HE CLAIMED, ALREADY HAS DETAILED MEASUREMENTS THAT ISRAEL HAS PASSED TO IT IN EARLIER PROFESSIONAL ENCOUNTERS. KORNBLUTH AND VISITING ISRAELI MFA IO DAS-EQUIVALENT TIBOR SCHLOSSER STRESSED TO CHARGE THAT JORDAN COULD BE ALLOWED TO HAVE INPUT INTO THE ISRAELI DESIGN. SCHLOSSER SAID JORDANIAN COMMENTS ON THE ISRAELI DESIGN HAVE ALEADY RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT MODIFICATIONS. ISRAEL NOW PLANS TO BUILD THE RAMP LARGELY ALONG THE PATH OF THE ORIGINAL RAMP WHICH COLLAPSED IN 2004. IT WILL BE MUCH LOWER TO THE GROUND AND WILL MAKE USE OF LOCAL STONE RATHER THAN THE RELY ON ALL-METAL CONSTRUCTION AS PREVIOUSLY PROPOSED. THERE WILL BE REGULAR SPOTS AT WHICH VISITORS WILL BE ABLE TO SEE THE UNDERLYING OTTOMAN-ERA ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS. FINALLY AND MOST IMPORTANT, THE RAMP WILL HAVE STEPS AT PLACES AND WILL THUS NOT/NOT BE PASSABLE FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, A KEY JORDANIAN DEMAND. ¶5. (C) GIVEN THE DISTANCE AND EMOTION SEPARATING THE PARTIES, IT IS NOT SURPRISING THAT LAURIN'S EFFORTS GOT OFF TO A ROCKY START. RATHER THAN AGREE TO NEGOTIATE ON THE BASIS OF JORDAN'S TEXT, LAURIN WORKED WITH THE SECRETARIAT TO DEVELOP A DRAFT DECISION TEXT BASED ON THE TEXT OF THE DECISION DRAFTED AT THE PREVIOUS EXECUTIVE BOARD IN OCTOBER 2008. MAKING FULL USE OF THE FACT THAT HE HAD BEEN IN QUEBEC AND HAD PARTICIPATED IN THE NEGOTIATION OF THE JULY 2008 WORLD HERITAGE DECISION ON MUGHRABI GATE, LAURIN FIRMLY ASSERTED THE 2008 WORLD HERITAGE DECISION DID NOT/NOT ENVISION THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE DECIDING BETWEEN TWO COMPETING DESIGNS. (COMMENT: THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE INCLUDES A MIX OF DIPLOMATS AND GENUINE SIPDIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 6/08/2019 TAGS: PREL UNESCO KWBG JO IS SUBJECT: MUGHRABI GATE: FROM UNESCO'S EXECUTIVE BOARD TO THE SEVILLE WORLD HERITAGE MEETING EXPERTS ON HISTORICAL PRESERVATION, BUT IT DOES NOT FUNCTION LIKE AN ARCHITECTURAL JURY. ITS MANDATE IN THIS INSTANCE WOULD BE TO DETERMINE WHETHER A PROPOSED DESIGN DOES OR DOES NOT PRESERVE THE OUTSTANDING, UNIVERSAL VALUE OF THE SITE. IT WOULD HAVE NO MANDATE TO CHOOSE BETWEEN DESIGNS IF BOTH PROPOSED DESIGNS MEET THE MINIMUM STANDARD OF PRESERVING THE SITE'S VALUE. END COMMENT.) CDA, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE ISRAELI DELEGATION, BRIEFED THE JORDANIAN AMBASSADOR ON THE MODIFICATIONS ISRAEL HAD MADE TO ITS PLAN TO SATISFY JORDAN'S CONCERNS. ¶6. (C) FOR SEVERAL DAYS THESE EFFORTS PRODUCED LITTLE. JORDAN INSISTED ON MEASURING THE SITE AND DEVELOPING TWO PLANS. FINALLY, AS THE END OF THE MEETING LOOMED, AMB LAURIN APPEALED FOR ANY HELP THE U.S. COULD PROVIDE, AND CHARGE TELEPHONED AMBASSADOR BEECROFT IN AMMAN. THE AMBASSADOR'S DISCUSIONS WITH THE FOREIGN MINISTER HAD AN IMMEDIATE IMPACT. THE JORDANIAN DELEGATION CAME THE FOLLOWING MORNING WITH INSTURCTIONS TO SEEK AGREEMENT ON A CONSENSUS TEXT RATHER THAN FORCE AN OPEN DEBATE AND AN UNPREDICTABLE VOTE AT THE BOARD'S CLOSING PLENARY. THERE WAS STILL DIFFICULT BARGAINING (E.G., ON THE MANNER IN WHICH THE DECISION WOULD REEFER TO THE 1954 HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE EVENT OF ARMED CONFLICT.) IN THE END, HOWEVER, ALL SIDES FINALLY AGREED ON A TEXT (SEE PARA 12 BELOW). ¶7. (C) FOLLOWING THE EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING, CHARGE MET IN EARLY MAY WITH CANADIAN AMBASSADOR LAURIN AND ISRAELI AMBASSADOR KORNBLUTH FOR A POST-MORTEM AND DISCUSSION OF HOW TO MANAGE THE MUGHRABI GATE ISSUE AT THE UPCOMING WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE MEETING IN SEVILLE JUNE 22-30. (N.B. AS THE COMMITTEE HAS FOR MANY YEARS MAINTAINED THE TEMPLE MOUNT ON THE LIST OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN DANGER.) AMB. KORNBLUTH BEGAN THE DISCUSSION BY SAYING THAT ISRAEL PLANNED TO INFORM THE COMMITTEE JUST PRIOR TO THE SEVILLE MEETING THAT IT HAD COMPLETED THE APPROVAL PROCESS FOR THE NEW RAMP AND INTENDED TO PROCEED. HE ACKNOWLEDGED THAT THIS WOULD GUARANTEE A CONTRE-TEMPS IN SEVILLE, BUT INITIALLY TOOK THE VIEW THAT ISRAEL WAS READY TO LET THE CHIPS FALL WHERE THEY MAY. AMB. LAURIN CAUTIONED AGAINST THAT AND URGED ISRAEL TO LOOK CAREFULLY AT THE EXECUTIVE BOARD'S DECISION, ESPECIALLY PARAGRAPH 9 AND 12, TO SEE WHETHER IT COULD TAKE STEPS TO IMPLEMENT THEM. THE DECISION CROSSED NONE OF ISRAEL'S RED LINES. THERE WAS NO CALL IN IT FOR TWO PLANS OR FOR JORDAN TO CONSTRUCT THE RAMP AT ITS OWN EXPENSE. ISRAEL COULD PUT ITS CRITICS ON THE WRONG FOOT IF IT COULD COME TO SEVILLE AND SAY IT WAS TRYING IN GOOD FAITH TO DO WHAT THE BOARD ASKED IT TO DO. KORNBLUTH WAS CLEARLY INTRIGUED BY THE LOGIC AND SAID HE WOULD NEED TO DISCUSS IT AT HOME. THE ISRAELI AMBASSADOR SPENT MUCH OF THE LATTER PART OF MAY IN ISRAEL FOR VACATION AND CONSULTATIONS. ¶8. (C) THE ISRAELIS APPEAR TO BE FOLLOWING LAURIN'S ADVICE. KORNBLUTH CALLED ON CHARGE ON JUNE 3 TO SAY THAT ON MAY 31 ISRAEL HAD DELIVERED A DIPLOMATIC NOTE TO THE JORDANIAN EMBASSY IN TEL AVIV, INVITING JORDAN TO A MEETING ". . . TO REACH AGREEMENT THAT MAY ALLOW THE (UNESCO) DIRECTOR-GENERAL TO ORGANIZE A FOLLOW-UP MEETING OF EXPERTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE." KORNBLUTH HAD NO INFORMATION ON WHETHER THE JORDANIANS HAVE REPLIED TO THIS NOTE. ¶9. (C) AMBASSADOR KORNBLUTH REPORTED THAT HE HAD SPOKEN TO UNESCO DEPUTY DIRECTOR-GENERAL BARBOSA EARLIER ON JUNE 3 AND HAD FOUND HIM OPTIMISTIC THAT SERIOUS DISAGREEMENTS ON THE MUGHRABI GATE ISSUE COULD BE AVOIDED AT THE UPCOMING WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE MEETING. KORBLUTH REPORTED THAT BARBOSA APPEARS TO BE STILL REELING FROM BRAZIL'S REFUSAL TO NOMINATE HIM TO REPLACE DIRECTOR-GENERAL MATSUURA, BUT THAT BARBOSA APPEARED READY TO RESUME - AT LEAST PARTIALLY -- THE ACTIVE ROLE HE HAD PLAYED ON MIDDLE EAST ISSUES PRIOR TO THE LAST EXECUTIVE BOARD NOW THAT HE CANNOT BE A CANDIDATE FOR THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL'S JOB. BARBOSA, FOR EXAMPLE, SAID THE SECRETARIAT WILL DRAFT AND CIRCULATE A PROPOSED TEXT FOR A MUGHRABI GATE RESOLUTION DURING THE WEEK OF JUNE 8. ACCORDING TO KORNBLUTH, BARBOSA, HOWEVER, TOOK THE POSITION THAT THAT HE WOULD NOT ATTEND THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE MEETING UNLESS HIS PRESENCE WERE REALLY NECESSARY. THIS LAST POSTION LEFT KORNBLUTH VERY UNEASY. THE ISRAELI AMBASSADOR MAINTAINED THAT THERE REALLY IS NO ALTERNATIVE TO BARBOSA'S PERSONAL MEDIATION. CANADIAN AMBASSADOR LAURIN DEPARTS POST FOR RETIREMENT ON JUNE 24, AND THERE WAS SIMPLY NO ONE ELSE WHOM KORNBLUTH TRUSTED. ¶10. (C) COMMENT: KORNBLUTH IS RIGHT TO BE CONCERNED. CHARGE RAN INTO JORDAN'S AMBASSADOR KAWAR AT A RECEPTION ON JUNE 2 AND FOUND HER UNWILLING TO GIVE ISRAEL AN EASY PASS AT THE UPCOMING MEETING. SHE DID NOT, NOTABLY, TAKE AS HARD A LINE AS SHE DID BEFORE THE APRIL EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING. SHE ACKNOWLEDGED THAT UNESCO IS NOT GOING TO SETTLE THE ISSUE OF SOVERIEGNTY IN JERUSALEM, BUT SHE ARGUED JORDAN'S TACTICS TO DATE HAVE SERVED ITS INTERESTS WELL. "WE HAVE MADE SOME NOISE AND DELAYED A 'HORRIBLE' PROJECT BY SEVERAL YEARS," SHE CLAIMED. SHE RECOUNTED THAT DDG BARBOSA HAD ASKED HER TO WRITE A LETTER SAYING THAT ISRAEL HAD INVITED JORDAN TO MEET AS REQUIRED BY SIPDIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 6/08/2019 TAGS: PREL UNESCO KWBG JO IS SUBJECT: MUGHRABI GATE: FROM UNESCO'S EXECUTIVE BOARD TO THE SEVILLE WORLD HERITAGE MEETING THE APRIL EXECUTIVE BOARD DECISION AND THAT THIS SATISFIED JORDAN'S CONCERNS. SHE STRESSED, HOWEVER, THAT JORDAN ABSOLUTELY WOULD NOT DO SO. THERE ARE UN RESOLUTIONS THAT SAY THE JERUSALEM IS OCCUPIED AND WE INTEND TO UPHOLD THEM, SHE DECLARED. ¶11. (C) COMMENT CONTINUED: CHARGE WILL SEE BARBOSA LATER THIS WEEK AND URGE HIM TO ATTEND SEVILLE. WE CAN SEE NO REASON WHY JORDAN WOULD NOT WANT TO "MAKE SOME NOISE," AS AMBASADOR KAWAR PUT IT. ¶12. FOLLOWING IS THE TEXT OF THE MUGHRABI GATE DECISION ADOPTED AT THE 181ST EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING IN APRIL: BEGIN TEXT. IMPLEMENTATION OF 34 C/RESOLUTION 47 AND 180 EX/DECISION 5 (11) RELATED TO THE ASCENT TO THE MUGHRABI GATE IN THE OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM THE EXECUTIVE BOARD, ¶1. HAVING EXAMINED 180 EX/5 (II) AND DOCUMENTS 181 EX/5, AND ADD. 4, ¶2. RECALLING 176 EX/SPECIAL PLENARY MEETING/DECISION, 177 EX/DECISION 20, AND 179 EX/DECISIONS 9 AND 52, ¶3. FURTHER RECALLING DECISIONS 31 COM 7A.18 AND 32 COM 7A.18 ADOPTED BY THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE RESPECTIVELY AT ITS 31ST SESSION (CHRISTCHURCH, 2007) AND 32ND SESSION (QUEBEC CITY, 2008), ¶4. ALSO RECALLING THE RELEVANT PROVISIONS ON THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE INCLUDING, AS APPROPRIATE, THE FOUR GENEVA CONVENTIONS (1949),THE HAGUE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE EVENT OF ARMED CONFLICT OF 1954, THE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE OF 1972, THE INSCRIPTION OF THE OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM AND ITS WALLS AT THE REQUEST OF JORDAN ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST (1981) AND ON THE LIST OF WORLD HERITAGE IN DANGER (1982),AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS, RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS OF UNESCO, ¶5. REAFFIRMING THE PURPOSE AND SPIRIT OF THE PROFESSIONAL ENCOUNTER AT THE TECHNICAL LEVEL OF 13 JANUARY 2008, AS WELL AS THE FOLLOW-UP MEETING OF 24 FEBRUARY 2008, ¶6. NOTING THE SIXTH REINFORCED MONITORING REPORT (FEBRUARY 2009) PREPARED BY THE WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE, ¶7. REGRETTING THE POSTPONEMENT OF THE FOLLOW-UP MEETING OF EXPERTS WHICH WAS SCHEDULED FOR NOVEMBER 12TH 2008, AS CALLED FOR IN DECISION 32COM 7A.18 ADOPTED BY THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE IN QUEBEC CITY AND REITERATED IN 180 EX/5 (II),OWING TO CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH IMPEDED JORDANIAN EXPERTS FROM HAVING ACCESS TO THE MUGHRABI ASCENT SITE, ¶8. RECOGNIZING THE EXISTENCE OF DEEP CONCERNS REGARDING THE DECISION TAKEN BY THE JERUSALEM DISTRICT PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION COMMISSION ON THE TOWN PLANNING SCHEME FOR THE MUGHRABI ASCENT, ¶9. REQUESTS THAT, DESPITE THE DECISION MENTIONED IN PARAGRAPH 8, THE PROCESS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE MUGHRABI ASCENT BE INCLUSIVE OF ALL PARTIES CONCERNED, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SPIRIT AND CONTENT OF PREVIOUS WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE DECISIONS; ¶10. REAFFIRMS IN THIS REGARD THAT NO MEASURES, UNILATERAL OR OTHERWISE, SHOULD BE TAKEN WHICH WILL AFFECT THE AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGRITY OF THE SITE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE OF 1972 AND, AS NECESSARY, THE RELEVANT PROVISIONS ON THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE HAGUE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE EVENT OF ARMED CONFLICT OF 1954; ¶11. REITERATES THE REQUEST MADE BY THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE AT ITS 32ND SESSION IN DECISION 32 COM 7A.18 THAT THE ISRAELI AUTHORITIES CONTINUE THE COOPERATION COMMENCED WITH ALL CONCERNED PARTIES, IN PARTICULAR WITH JORDANIAN AND WAQF EXPERTS; ¶12. AFFIRMS THE NEED FOR COOPERATION IN ORDER TO ENSURE ACCESS TO THE MUGHRABI ASCENT SITE, AND CALLS ON THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL TO ORGANIZE A FOLLOW-UP MEETING OF EXPERTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, ONCE THE PARTIES CONCERNED HAVE REACHED AN AGREEMENT; ¶13. REAFFIRMS THAT THE PROCESS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE MUGHRABI ASCENT, WHICH ALLOWS FOR THE TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION OF THE DESIGNS SUBMITTED DURING THE AFOREMENTIONED PROFESSIONAL ENCOUNTER, IS STILL UNDER WAY, AND THAT THE WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE IS FOLLOWING CLOSELY THE DEVELOPMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PROCESS THROUGH ITS REINFORCED MONITORING MECHANISM; SIPDIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 6/08/2019 TAGS: PREL UNESCO KWBG JO IS SUBJECT: MUGHRABI GATE: FROM UNESCO'S EXECUTIVE BOARD TO THE SEVILLE WORLD HERITAGE MEETING ¶14. EXPRESSES ITS THANKS TO THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL FOR THE ACTION HE IS TAKING TO FACILITATE THE DIALOGUE AND PROFESSIONAL EXCHANGES BETWEEN ALL THE PARTIES CONCERNED; ¶15. INVITES THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL TO SUBMIT TO IT A PROGRESS REPORT THEREON AT ITS 182ND SESSION. END TEXT. ENGELKEN