FRANCE: NINTH ANNUAL TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (TIP)

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 08 PARIS 000268

SIPDIS

DEPARTMENT FOR G/TIP, G-ACBLANK, G, INL, DRL, PRM, EUR/PGI,
EUR/WE

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PGOV KTIP ELAB KCRM KFRD KWMN PHUM PREF
SMIG
SUBJECT: FRANCE: NINTH ANNUAL TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (TIP)
REPORT

REF: SECSTATE 132759


1. (SBU) SUMMARY: In 2008 France took significant steps to
combat trafficking in persons, ratifying the EU convention on
Action Against Trafficking in Persons and changing the French
anti-trafficking law to better prosecute forced labor
violations. The French government used its anti-trafficking
law to secure the extradition of four Bulgarian nationals
implicated in the smuggling of 72 women into France as part
of a prostitution ring. France remains a destination country
for trafficking victims, mainly women trafficked for
prostitution from Eastern Europe and Africa. There are
between 15,000 and 20,000 prostitutes in France, of which the
Government of France in 2008 identified 1,300 as likely
victims of trafficking. In France, prostitution is legal,
but pimping and trafficking are illegal. Violators face
serious penalties, commensurate with those for rape. France
views itself as a European leader in pro-actively combating
trafficking because French laws allow police to investigate
and monitor trafficking rings before victims file complaints.
France combats trafficking through well-enforced, extensive
legislation; a centralized trafficking police force; the
provision of temporary residence permits to trafficking
victims; diplomatic initiatives with source countries; and
coordinated work between government and non-government
anti-trafficking actors. The Ministry of Interior dismantled
33 networks in 2007 and 30 in 2008. END SUMMARY.


2. (U) Answers below are keyed to section and paragraph
numbers in reftel. Embassy Paris TIP point of contact is
Jerome Hohman, hohmanjp@state.gov. Phone 33 1 43 12 26 14 (or
IVG 8-498-2614),fax 33 1 43 12 26 63.

Time spent on TIP report:
FS-03 poloff: 40 hours
LES-9: 30 hours
FS-1 Deputy Political Counselor: 3 hours review



3. (SBU) FRANCE'S TIP SITUATION:

-- A. The numbers provided by France's national Central
Office for the Repression of Trafficking in Persons (OCRTEH)
are reliable; however, since many prosecutors still use the
anti-pimping, as opposed to anti-trafficking, laws to
prosecute traffickers, extrapolating an assessment of
trafficking from the arrest data is an exercise in inference.
In addition, French data on trafficking are not released
until March; therefore part of this report relies on 2007
data (unless where otherwise noted). OCRTEH estimates the
numbers and origin of prostitutes from statistics of those
arrested for solicitation, which was criminalized in the 2003
Internal Security Law (LSI). OCRTEH reported that in 2007,
the national police identified approximately 2,000 persons
for soliciting. They estimate that 1,300 of these were
victims of trafficking in 2008.

-- B. France is a destination country for trafficked persons,
mainly women trafficked for prostitution from Eastern Europe
(Romania and Bulgaria),Africa (Nigeria and Cameroon),and
some from South America and Asia (China and Malaysia).
France's national Central Office for the Repression of
Trafficking in Persons (OCRTEH) with assistance from the
Ministry of Justice releases data every March on trafficking
and prostitution. OCRTEH estimates that there are between
15,000 and 20,000 prostitutes in France, of which of which
about 80 percent -- between 12,000 and 14,400 -- are
foreigners and thus likely to be trafficking victims. The
Government of France in 2008 identified 1,300 as likely
victims of trafficking. There have been no destination
changes in trafficked persons to France since the last TIP
report.

-- C. Victims of trafficking in France are often exploited by
large, well-organized, international criminal groups. OCRTEH
reported that 30 networks were dismantled in 2008. The
director of OCRTEH Jean-Marc Souvira reported that the
conditions that victims face vary widely in France. Victims
are trafficked into luxury brothels, peep shows, or onto the
street. Increasingly, the traffickers also use the internet
to prostitute victims. Many trafficking victims are in
France legally. France does not require visas for visitors
from Romania or Bulgaria, two of the largest source
countries, for visits of less than 90 days.

-- D. While the majority of trafficking victims in France are
brought to work in the sex trade, there is also clandestine
forced labor, primarily of young women and girls, as domestic

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workers. Since domestic slavery is by its nature hidden (the
victims are kept working inside, and often permitted no leave
time, and have no interchange with the outside world that
would allow them to tell their story),the Committee Against
Modern Slavery (CCEM) finds it difficult to estimate the
numbers of victims. Since its founding in 1994, CCEM has
assisted over 500 victims, of which a majority are African
and 70 percent are women. Nearly 30 percent arrived on
French territory as minors. In these cases, the CCEM is
often contacted by concerned neighbors or social services.
The CCEM also notes that in many cases, the "employers" are
diplomats serving in France, enjoying diplomatic immunity.
The CCEM reported that the Saudi Arabian diplomatic community
has often violated French labor laws.

-- E. French-EU immigration laws make pre-identification of
victims difficult. Since Romanians and Bulgarians do not
need visas and immigration and border controls can be porous,
it is relatively easy for traffickers and victims to enter
France undetected. The OCRTEH reports that traffickers often
acquire fake Sudanese passports (Sudanese citizens receive
asylum in France) or fake Romanian passports (Moldovan
victims often travel as Romanians). A large part of
metropolitan French border-monitoring has been subsumed to
the Schengen Treaty border control. This covers all of
France's land borders and some of its air traffic as well;
persons arriving by air, train, and car in France from other
Schengen member countries (such as Belgium, Switzerland,
Spain, Italy, Germany, and Luxembourg) are not subject to
immigration inspection when they enter France. French
coordination on trafficking with other EU countries is good,
but open borders among Schengen members of the EU hinder
France's pro-active approach.


4. (SBU) SETTING THE SCENE FOR FRANCE'S ANTI-TIP EFFORTS:

-- A. France recognizes that trafficking is a serious problem
and actively works to combat it. France funds
anti-trafficking and anti-sex trade awareness campaigns in
association with NGOs. In cooperation with the French Soccer
Federation, the Ministry of Health launched a campaign to
fight trafficking in women. The campaign sponsored media
spots against prostitution to be shown at international
soccer games. The Ministry of the Interior funded a
publicity campaign of posters depicting a nude woman with a
bar code over her. The poster says, "In France today, there
are slaves for sale. It exists. Now you know..." In addition,
Air France continues to show anti-sex trade films on buses
between downtown Paris and major airports while also
distributing anti-sex trade pamphlets on flights to
sex-tourism destinations. Airports similarly feature
anti-trafficking and anti-sex trade posters inside terminals.

-- B. France established an inter-ministerial commission to
combat trafficking, which includes France's Central Office
for the Repression of Trafficking in Persons (OCRTEH, a
division of the National Police in the Central Directorate of
the Judicial Police in the Interior Ministry, which takes the
lead in anti-trafficking enforcement). OCRTEH coordinates
with several government ministries, including Interior,
Justice, Education, Tourism, Health and Solidarity, Foreign
Affairs, and Employment / Social Cohesion / Lodging. OCRTEH
also has strong ties with the anti-pimping brigade of the
Paris police. OCRTEH is the operational and political focal
point for French anti-trafficking efforts; police units all
over the country turn their cases over to OCRTEH if they are
found to involve trafficking, and OCRTEH serves as the
designated clearing house for inquiries on trafficking issues
(for example, the OCRTEH chief testifies before the
legislature on trafficking questions). Victims' assistance
is primarily handled by NGOs in close association with the
French government.

-- C. There were no reports of governmental limitations to
address trafficking in persons in France. There were no
reports of government corruption in this area during the
reporting period.

-- D. Systematic monitoring, prosecution, victim protection
and assessments on behalf of the French government are led by
OCRTEH.


5. (SBU) INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKERS:

-- A. Section A. In 2008, France used its anti-trafficking
in persons law (originally written in 2003 and revised in
2007) to secure the extradition of 4 Bulgarian nationals
implicated in the smuggling of 72 women into France as part

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of a prostitution ring. France also ratified the Council of
Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Persons.
The text obligates France to prevent trafficking, aid
victims, and bring traffickers to justice. France prohibits
trafficking for both sexual and labor exploitation through a
2003 addition to its criminal code. Article 225-4-1 of this
code prescribes penalties that are sufficiently stringent and
can exceed those for rape. French prosecutors have
historically favored the use of anti-pimping statutes
(Articles 225-5 through 225-12) instead of the
anti-trafficking statue due to a lack of experience in
applying the newer, anti-trafficking section of the law. The
penalties under the anti-pimping laws are essentially
identical to those prescribed under the anti-trafficking law.
In 2008, the Ministry of the Interior trained prosecutors to
apply the anti-trafficking provision in trafficking cases
instead of relying on anti-pimping laws.

The Council of Europe text can be seen at the address below:
http://www.coe.int

Anti-Trafficking Law
--------------
The law states, "Human trafficking is in exchange for
remuneration or some other benefit or the promise of
remuneration or some other benefit, recruiting, transporting,
transferring, housing, or otherwise receiving a person to put
that person at one's own disposition or that of a possibly
unidentified third party in order to permit the commission of
pimping, physical and/or sexual attack, exploitation of
indigence, or inhuman work/living conditions in order to
compel that person to commit crimes or infractions."

Anti-Pimping / Anti-Soliciting Laws
--------------
ARTICLE 225-5
Pimping entails any of the following:

1. Aiding, assisting, or protecting the prostitution of
another;

2. Deriving profit from prostitution of another,
partaking of the revenue, or receiving payments from a person
who habitually engages in prostitution;

3. Hiring, training, manipulating, or compelling a person
to
engage in prostitution; Pimping is punished by 7 years of
imprisonment and a 217,391 USD fine

ARTICLE 225-6
Is similar to pimping and punishable by the penalties listed
in article 225-5 and applies to those who engage in any of
the following:
1: Acting as an intermediary between two people of whom
one engages in prostitution and the other who profits from or
remunerates prostitution of another;
2: Obfuscating a pimp's earnings (via pimping) by
providing fictitious justifications for (illicit) revenue;
3: Failing to justify one's living standard while
cohabitating with a person engaged habitually in prostitution
or by being in regular contact with one or several persons
regularly engaged in prostitution;
4: Hindering prevention, security checks, assistance, or
rehabilitation by groups qualified to help persons in danger
of prostitution.

ARTICLE 225-7
Pimping is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and up to a
2,173,913 USD fine:
1: With regard to minor;
2: With regard to a person who is particularly vulnerable,
due to age, sickness, infirmity, physical or psychological
deficiency or pregnancy that is apparent or known to the
offender;
3: With regard to multiple people;
4: With regard to a person who is enlisted to engage in
prostitution either outside of the Republic of France or upon
arrival in France;
5: By a natural or adoptive relative of the person who
prostitutes themselves or by a person who has authority over
the other or abuses the authority conferred by a position;
6: With regard to an official mandated by their function
to participate in the fight against prostitution, promoting
health, or maintaining public order;
7: With regard to a person that carries a firearm;
8: With regard to using force, violence, or coercion;
9: With regard to multiple people who act as accomplices
or with complicity, without constituting an organized gang;
10: With regard to the use of a telecommunication network
for the diffusion of a message directed at an unspecified

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public audience.

ARTICLE 225-7-1
Pimping is punishable by up to 15 years of imprisonment and
up to a 4,347,826 USD fine when it is undertaken with a minor
15 years of age or under.

ARTICLE 225-8
Pimping as described by article 225-7 is punishable by up to
20 years in prison and up to a 4,347,826 USD fine when
committed by an organized gang.

ARTICLE 225-9
Pimping involving torture is punishable by up to life
imprisonment and up to a 6,521,739 USD fine.

ARTICLE 225-10
It is punishable by up to 10 years of imprisonment and up to
a 1,086,956 USD fine when someone directly or indirectly:
1: Detains, manages, exploits, directs, facilitates,
finances, or contributes to the financing of a prostitution
establishment;
2: Detains, manages, exploits, directs, facilitates,
finances, or contributes to the financing of any
establishment which is open to the public or is used by the
public to accept or habitually tolerate one or many people
who prostitute themselves inside the establishment or in one
of its annexes or who seek out clients for prostitution;
3: Selling or making available unused areas for the
purpose of facilitating prostitution;
4: Selling, renting, or making available vehicles for the
purpose of facilitating prostitution.

ARTICLE 225-10-1
The act, by any means, including passively, of soliciting
another with the goal of eliciting sexual relations in
exchange for remuneration or the promise of remuneration is
punishable by up to two months in prison and up to a 5,434
USD fine.

ARTICLE 225-11
Attempts to commit the crimes designated in this section have
the same punishments.

ARTICLE 225-12
Morally culpable persons can be declared legally responsible
according to the conditions designated by article 121-2, for
the infractions defined by articles 225-5 to 225-10. The
punishments encouraged by morally culpable persons are:
1: Fine according to the form designated in articles
131-138;
2: The punishments mentioned in article 131-39.

-- B. Human trafficking is punishable by up to 7 years of
imprisonment and a 220,588 USD fine. The penalties for
pimping and trafficking are basically identical. The
government reported 500 pimping arrests and prosecutions in
2008, but it is unclear how many of these are trafficking
cases, since the government does not disaggregate such data
by specific crimes committed under the general heading of
pimping.

-- C. The penalties for trafficking for labor exploitation
are the same as those for trafficking for sexual
exploitation. One NGO reports that there have been instances
of such exploitation by diplomats serving in France.
According to the Committee Against Modern Slavery, 164 cases
of labor exploitation were reported in France in 2008.

-- D. Article 222 of the French penal code prescribes
penalties of up to seven years in prison for sexual assault.
These are comparable to trafficking and pimping laws.

-- E. French government data do not make clear how many
arrests and prosecutions were for trafficking in
persons-related offenses. However, OCRTEH reported that 30
trafficking networks were dismantled in France in 2008.
France continues to prosecute individuals who violate French
labor practices by abusing or threatening employees or by
withholding wages. Local work inspection offices offer
advice to employees.

-- F. The government through OCRTEH and through the Ministry
of Social Action funds training programs for government
employees and NGOs. OCRTEH combats trafficking through
investigations, training, and public/NGO outreach. OCRTEH
actively sought to train prosecutors and judges on use of the
anti-trafficking statute, which was revised in 2007. OCRTEH,

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along with DGAS (the Ministry of Social Action),trains
police on identifying victims of trafficking. OCRTEH began
training hotel managers and employees on suspicious activity
that they should report. The DGAS spent 30,000 dollars on
programs to train social workers on the needs of trafficking
victims. French NGOs also assist in providing training to
police. The French Ministry of Economy, Industry, and
Employment has decided to create and distribute pocket-sized
cards to border police and NGOs on how to correctly identify
trafficking victims.

-- G. France works closely with other EU countries and source
countries to combat trafficking. The OCRTEH currently has
three teams of police that work with other EU member states
on trafficking cases. The French government has officials in
90 embassies around the world who function as a liaison with
the host government on trafficking issues. In addition,
there are also French police officers in embassies in source
countries who work on trafficking in persons issues. In
2008, France began work on a judicial agreement with Nigeria
and Cameroon, two major source countries for trafficking in
persons to France. In October 2008, the French Ministry of
Interior and its Belgium equivalent created a joint
investigation unit to combat human trafficking, which was the
first of its kind within the EU system.

-- H. The French government used its anti-trafficking in
persons law (which was originally written in 2003 and revised
in 2007) to secure the extradition of four Bulgarian
nationals implicated in the smuggling of 72 women into France
as part of a prostitution ring. France extradites persons
charged with trafficking to other countries; however, the
extradition process can be long and cumbersome. Within the
EU, French authorities prefer to use EU arrest warrants,
which take four days to execute, do not depend on an
examination of local law, and permit expeditious transfer of
custody among member states. France also extradites French
citizens abroad to face trafficking charges.

-- I - J. There was no evidence of government involvement in
or tolerance of trafficking during the reporting period.

-- K. Prostitution in France is legal; however, pimping and
soliciting are illegal. The legal minimum age for sexual
consent is 15 years, with 18 years being the age of majority.
Laws against pimping are strictly enforced. Law enforcement
contacts report that the anti-soliciting law is used as a
means to evaluate the situation of prostitutes and screen for
potential victims of trafficking. In 2008, The Ministry of
Interior launched an initiative to create a map of
prostitution networks in France in order to have data to
visually identify and dismantle potential trafficking
networks. The government reported two trafficking networks
were dismantled due to this advancement.

-- L. Around 13,000 to 16,000 French troops are deployed
abroad every year to participate in peacekeeping operations.
In cases of sexual abuse by soldiers and peacekeepers abroad,
the French government has investigated and prosecuted
offenders.

-- M. France prosecutes French nationals who travel abroad to
engage in sexual tourism. French police travel to child sex
destination countries to investigate reports of child sexual
exploitation abroad and to investigate French nationals
suspected of this criminal activity. On August 28, French
police arrested suspected pedophile Jean-Pierre Stacino -* a
professor at a Toulouse high school -* in Paris on his
return from a one-month trip to Burma and Thailand, ending a
six-month inquiry. Stacino was officially indicted on
September 2 for "sexual attacks against minors over and under
the age of 15, prostitution, corruption of minors, and
possession of pornographic materials."


6. (SBU) PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS:

-- A. Section A. France provides one-year residency cards to
victims of trafficking, which can be renewed every six
months. France also allows a 30-day reflection period after
gaining shelter. This reflection period helps victims to
reflect on their situation and decide on a course of action.
In 2008, the Paris Police Prefecture reported that it issued
92 residency permits to undocumented immigrants believed to
have been victims of trafficking. NGOs express frustration
with the fees required for the residency permit and renewal
of the permit. The residency permit granted to the victims
costs 407 USD and 103 USD to renew it every six months. The
validation tax for the visa costs 177 USD.

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-- B - C. The French government depends on NGOs to assist
trafficking victims; however, the government provides funding
to victims and to the NGOs. Victims are given a stipend of
464 dollars/month in addition to medical care, legal counsel,
shelter, and psychological counseling. The government does
not release complete figures on how much it contributes to
these NGOs every year, but contacts at AcSe, an NGO that
shelters victims, reported that it received 264,700 USD from
the French government and 30,000 USD from Paris city
government in 2007. Many NGOS complain that the system for
taking in victims is not centralized and depends on
relationships between the NGOs and local governments. Since
shelters are found in large cities, victims in small towns do
not have the same access to shelters as those in larger
cities. In addition, victims who are identified in small
towns where the police might not fully understand immigration
or criminal law, experience hurdles in managing the
bureaucratic red tape they face. It is difficult to get a
reliable, total number of forced labor victims taken into
care in 2008 because individual NGOS work on a case-by-case
basis. According to the Committee Against Modern Slavery,
164 cases of forced labor were reported in France in 2008.
In cases where the victim will be repatriated to their home
country, France works with the country to ensure safety and
provides funding (close to 3,000 USD) for medical care in the
home country.

-- D - F. France protects victims of trafficking; however,
case-specific protection must be authorized by a judge. This
protection consists of two forms: a complete 24-hour-a-day
protection for victims who will testify or a mixed protection
program in which police work with NGOs to assure the
protection of victims. France does not have a far-reaching
protection program like the U.S. Once a trafficking victim
is identified by the police or social services to the NGOs
that work with the victims, the individual is given shelter,
access to legal counsel, food, and medical care. In order to
qualify for the more robust victim program, victims must
fulfill certain criteria (e.g., be a primary witness, be
essential to the outcome of the trial, etc.). For an
individual to receive a residence permit, they must work with
police to prosecute the traffickers. The French government
does not report the numbers of residence cards given each
year. The government provides training through the Ministry
of Social Action to NGOs and social workers to help victims
of trafficking. Specifically, France works with the
Association ALC, the Committee Against Modern Slavery, and
L'amicale du NID to shelter and aid victims.

-- G. The Government of France identified 1,300 as likely
victims of human trafficking in 2008.

-- H. The French Ministry of Economy, Industry, and
Employment has decided to create and distribute pocket-sized
cards to border police and NGOs on how to correctly identify
trafficking victims. Issues of victim identification and
assistance are answered in part D - F.

-- I - J. There is evidence that victims may be inadvertently
penalized for unlawful acts that were committed as a direct
result of being trafficked. NGOs reported that women in
prostitution are sometimes arrested and fined for
solicitation without being screened to determine whether they
are trafficking victims. To victims of trafficking who work
with police to prosecute traffickers, the Government of
France provides witness protection services and issues
one-year residence cards that can be renewed every six
months.

-- K. French military personnel receive training on
trafficking and sexual abuse during their basic training.
There is also a three-week training course given to
peacekeepers before their departure. During this course,
instructors recount problems of sexual abuse and
exploitation, and soldiers are given a card that reminds them
of international human rights. France also supplies a legal
advisor to deployed units, and this officer doubles as a
human rights officer. In this position, the officer assures
that troops respect international norms and human rights.
The French NGO Amicale du Nid reported that it is currently
working with the Ministry of Defense to organize more
specific trafficking training. The French government has
officials in 90 embassies around the world who act as a
liaison with the host government on trafficking issues. In
addition, there are also French police officers in embassies
in source countries who work on trafficking in persons
issues. The French Ministry of Economy, Industry, and

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Employment decided in 2008 to create and distribute
pocket-sized cards to border police and NGOs on how to
correctly identify trafficking victims.

-- L. There were no reports of French nationals as
trafficking victims during the reporting period.

-- M. NGOs and the French government work very closely to
combat trafficking. Specifically, France works with the
Association ALC, the Committee Against Modern Slavery, and
L'amicale du NID to shelter and aid victims. The government
has a working group to combat trafficking. OCRTEH also works
with immigration officials to report increases in trafficking
and to combat trafficking.


7. (U) PREVENTION:

-- A. France recognizes that trafficking is a serious problem
and actively works to combat it. France funds
anti-trafficking and anti-sex trade awareness campaigns in
association with NGOs. In cooperation with the French Soccer
Federation, the Ministry of Health launched a campaign to
fight trafficking in women. The campaign sponsored media
spots against prostitution to be shown at international
soccer games. The Ministry of the Interior funded a
publicity campaign of posters depicting a nude woman with a
bar code over her. The poster says, "In France today, there
are slaves for sale. It exists. Now you know..." In addition,
Air France continues to show anti-sex trade films on buses
between downtown Paris and major airports while also
distributing anti-sex trade pamphlets on flights to
sex-tourism destinations. Airports similarly feature
anti-trafficking and anti-sex trade posters inside terminals.

-- B. The Government of France does not have a designated
border-monitoring unit that focuses specifically on
trafficking in persons. But border officials are trained to
spot trends in trafficking in persons, as well as organized
crime and narcotics.

-- C. NGOs and the French government work very closely to
combat trafficking. The government has a working group to
combat trafficking, and OCRTEH also works with immigration
officials to report increases in trafficking and to combat
trafficking. During the reporting period and for the third
year in a row, the government sponsored a nationwide
conference that brought together enforcement officials,
magistrates, and NGOs to discuss how better to improve
communication and cooperation in protecting victims and
preventing trafficking. On May 29-30, the Government of
France organized a seminar during its presidency of the EU to
focus on trafficking in persons. Minister of Interior
Michele Alliot-Marie asked EU partners for better
coordination in the fight against trafficking. All of these
factors lead post to believe that the national dialogue on
TIP and prostitution have become becoming increasingly
important in France.

-- D. On December 2, the ministers of interior and justice
established a multidisciplinary working group to create a
national action plan on the protection of trafficking
victims. The group, composed of experts from French
government ministries and European NGOs, has planned to meet
on a regular basis to define the structure of a national
coordination plan to place trafficking victims at the center
of the fight against organized crime. The national action
plan focuses on procedures to combat trafficking. Government
offices also meet with NGOS under the aegis of Cooperation
Committee Against Sexual Exploitation to develop new
proposals and encourage best practices that would update a
2002 national action plan to fight trafficking.

-- E - F: The French government continues to fund programs
through airlines and tourism operators describing the
penalties for child sex tourism. Pamphlets given to tourists
show a picture of a child and the message, "she is not
merchandise." The OCRTEH reported that The Ministry of
Foreign Affairs researches and reports on indicators of child
sex tourism abroad. These data are used to warn French
tourists of child sex tourism sites and to monitor increases
in sexual tourism. All Air France buses between Paris and
the two Paris airports broadcast a video alerting tourists
that their actions on foreign soil are subject to prosecution
in France. Club Med sends tourists traveling with their
company to source countries documents detailing the penalties
for engaging in sex with a minor. All tourism students in
France must do course work on sex tourism. Students in
French middle schools are also taught about the dangers of

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internet chat rooms and sexual predators.

-- G. French military personnel receive training on
trafficking and sexual abuse during their basic training.
There is also a three-week training course given to
peacekeepers before their departure. During this course,
instructors recount problems of sexual abuse and
exploitation, and soldiers are given a card that reminds them
of international human rights. France also supplies a legal
advisor to deployed units, and this officer doubles as a
human rights officer. In this position, the officer assures
that troops respect international norms and human rights.
The French NGO Amicale du Nid reported that it is currently
working with the Ministry of Defense to organize more
specific trafficking training.


PEKALA