CORRECTED: ANNUAL OVERSEAS SECURITY ADVISORY COUNCIL (OSAC) CRIME AND SAFETY REPORT.

UNCLAS LIMA 000054 DEPT FOR DS/OSAC DEPT FOR DS/IP/WHA E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS, ASEC, APER, AMGT, PE SUBJECT: CORRECTED: ANNUAL OVERSEAS SECURITY ADVISORY COUNCIL (OSAC) CRIME AND SAFETY REPORT. REF: 08 STATE 132056 ¶1. Overall crime and safety situation: ¶A. An OSAC member traveling to Peru (as with any overseas travel) should take certain precautions to ensure their safety and security. Doing so will allow them and other American business people living and conducting operations in Peru to successfully navigate the crime and safety situation with minimal disruption to their work and personal lives. The Regional Security Office (RSO) at the U.S. Embassy presents the 2009 OSAC Crime and Safety Report as a guide for OSAC members and potential members for use in their overall business operations and living situations. ¶B. The U.S. Department of State rates Peru as a Critical Threat Post for Crime. Peru is said to have one of the highest reported crime rates in Latin American, and the Peruvian National Police (PNP) have stated that a crime occurs every three minutes in the city of Lima. Although violent crime against foreigners is relatively rare and has declined overall compared to last year it can and does happen. All U.S. and foreign visitors are vulnerable to crime, as they are often perceived to be wealthier than the local populace and more likely to be carrying large amounts of cash and other valuables. While U.S. Mission members and foreign residents normally reside in affluent areas where private security and local police are more effective, their residences (single-family home) and businesses are frequently burglarized and they are most often victimized by street crime. Residential burglaries are most common during the day and on weekends or holidays when houses are left vacant. Thieves often gain entry through unsecured entryways, by tricking domestic employees, or use of force when the home is vacant (or appears vacant). The theft of vehicles (including carjacking) and the theft of parts from parked vehicles is another frequent crime. The Peruvian Government has made strides in its fight against domestic terrorism, but the threat of attacks in certain parts of the country still exists and visitors should take every precaution to avoid traveling to those particular areas whenever possible. Please read the portion of this report regarding the Embassy's Restricted Travel Policy and the areas included in it. ¶2. Political Violence: ¶A. There is no real anti-American sentiment in Peru, though a certain portion of Peruvian society, including illegal coca growers, is resentful of U.S. counter-narcoties policies. Others blame U.S. foreign and economic policy for their difficult economic situation. Unrest and disorder are largely temporary and are normally limited to political demonstrations that sometimes become violent. Nation-wide transportation strikes are not uncommon and may adversely affect travelers for short periods of time. As in previous years, in 2008 there were large national protests against the government or governmental policies by a wide variety of labor groups. All demonstrations, including peaceful ones, should be avoided, as the possibility always exists that they may unexpectedly turn violent. ¶B. Most demonstrations in Lima tend to take place in and around the historic downtown area close to the Presidential Palace and the Congress, although they have occurred in other areas of the city as well. Marching groups of demonstrators often force the temporary closure of street until they pass. Political demonstrations take place in cities throughout the country, sometimes paralyzing road traffic for a few days. ¶C. The Peruvian government continues to demonstrate success against terrorist groups in 2008 arresting 128 members, most of who were members of Sendero Luminoso (SL),or Shining Path, Peru's largest and most active domestic terrorist group. There are, however, SL columns that remain active, and have become more aggressive due to increasing Peruvian Military and Police pressure in the area of operation, targeting counter-narcotics efforts in the areas of the Upper Huallaga and Apurima river valleys. There interior areas of Peru are known for significant narcotics production and narcotics trafficking. There were no significant terrorist attacks in Lima or in any other major city or tourist destination in 2008. The last significant SL terrorist attack in Lima occurred in March 2002, in which a car bomb detonated in the parking lot of a shopping mall across the street from the U.S. Embassy in the Monterrico district of the City. Another indigenous terrorist group, the Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru (MRTA),is inactive except for a limited presence in the Department of Junin. MRTA has not conducted any significant operations since most of their leadership was killed in the rescue operation at the Japanese Embassy in 1997. The U.S. Department of State has removed them from its list of active terrorist organizations. Finally, members of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) have reportedly crossed the remote Putumayo River into Peru and engaged in small-unit clashes with Peruvian military and police units who have confronted them. However, there is no information at this time that suggests or indicates that the FARC are conducting terrorist activities or otherwise pose a threat to American interests in Peru ¶3. Post-Specific Concerns: ¶A. Many areas of the country are considered dangerous due to potential terrorist and/or criminal activity. Travel to such areas, particularly overland, can be risky. Traveling by road at night is especially dangerous. As a result, the U.S. Embassy in Lima enforces a Restricted Travel Policy (RTP)which is based on the Government of Peru declared emergency zones. This policy governs the travel of official U.S. Government employees and restricts or prohibits their travel to certain portions of Peru. The following areas have regular security problems, and are considered restricted to Embassy employees, and should be avoided by prudent travelers: Department of Ayacucho: Restricted: Provinces of La Mar and Huanta: overland travel from Ayacucho to San Francisco is prohibited. Premitted: Daylight road travel from Ayacucho to the city of Huanta. Staying within the city limits of Huanta. Daylight road travel from Pisco to Ayacucho City. Department of Cusco: Restricted: 20-kilometer swath of territory contiguous to the Apurimas River and the Department of Ayacucho. Permitted: Everywhere else including Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley and the city of Cusco. Department of Huanuco: Restricted: Provinces of Maranon, Huamalies and Leoncio Prado. Road travel from Huanuco City to Tingo Maria City. Permitted: Flying into and staying with the city limits of Huanuco and Tingo Maria. Department of Huancavelica: Restricted: Province of Pampas Permitted: Traveling by train from Huancayo to Huancavelica City is permitted, and daylight road travel from Pisco to Ayacucho City Department of Junin: Restricted: Provinces of Satipo and Concepcion east of the Rio Mantaro. Permitted: Dayliht travel from La Merced to Satipo Department of Loreto: Restricted: A 20 kilometer wide strip along the entire Peru/Colombian frontier. Travel on the Putumayo River is also restricted. Department of San Martin: Restricted: Province Tocache. Permitted: Flying only into and remaining within the city limits of Tocache. Department of Ucayali: Restricted: Province of Padre Abad and Coronel Portillo west of Pucallpa City and west of Ucayali River. Road travel from Pucallpa to Aquaytia and all cities west of Aguaytia. Permitted: Flying into and remaining within the city limits of Pucallpa and Aguaytia. The province of Coronel Portillo east of the Ucayali River. ¶B. Nighttime travel via road outside the greater Lima area and other cities is prohibited for Government personnel and contractors due to poor highway safety and the threat of bandits, except for nighttime travel by commercial bus along the Pan American Highway. The only exceptions are the following. Travel by commercial bus on the Pan-American Highway is permitted for official or personal travel. Or travel by personal of offical vehicle on the pan-American Highway south from Lima to Paracas or north from lima to Huacho. There are many contributing factors to this prohibition. Criminal gangs are known to use roadblocks and rob passengers on passing cars and buses. In addition, highways and other roads in Peru are kept in overall poor condition, creating a serious safety threat to drivers. Peru has one of the highest road fatality rates in Latin America. According to Transit Police statistics, almost 1000 people died and over 5,000 were injured as a result of motor vehicle accidents in ¶2008. Further information on road conditions and road safety can be found on the Embassy's Consular Information Sheet in the Internet. ¶C. There is no standing travel restriction within the city of Lima. The Regional Security Office considers the following neighborhoods to be relatively safe: Miraflores, San Isidro, Barranco, La Molina, Camacho, San Borja, Monterrico, and the eastern section of Surco. As with any big city there is no guarantee, of course that crime will not occur in these areas, and care must still be exercised, particularly at night. ¶D. Crime is a constant problem in Lima and most other parts of Peru. Street crime is prevalent in most urban areas, particularly in Lima. Sport utility vehicles and sedans with expensive upgrades are the most common type of vehicles targeted by carjackers. The increasingly violent nature of carjacking and the rise in frequency of attempts are cause for concern. Residential burglaries, mostly of single-family homes, occur on a regular basis. Pick pocketing, purse snatching, "smash and grab" robberies, the theft of items from unoccupied vehicles, and the theft of vehicle parts from unoccupied vehicles, and the theft of vehicle parts (mirrors, lights, etc.) are common crimes. Gangs of roving youths, known as "piranhas," typically attack as a group and steal anything of value, including clothes from their victims in broad daylight on city street. These gangs often operate with impunity and with little or no fear of the police. A recent example of this "piranha" style attack occurred to the dependents of an Embassy employee while stopped and go traffic. The attackers reached in via an open window and unlocked the doors to the car, and proceeded to attempted to steal the belongings of the wife and daughter of the Embassy employee. Although the two dependents were able to fight off the attacker, this is a perfect example of the type of attacks which can occur (Add recent incident against Embassy dependents.) ¶E. The Police recorded 7 kidnappings in 2008 and 6 in 2007; a noticeable decease from 30 kidnappings that were reported just in ¶2006. (RSO believes that the number of ransom kidnappings is highly unreported based on anecdotal information received in the office.)While in Lima kidnappings have been primary short-term and geared toward ATM and bank withdrawals, there has been an increase in long-term kidnappings focused on acquiring large sums of cash, with the targets being wealthy or suspected wealthy persons residing in affluent areas. Violent crime has been on the decline over the last few year, however again there has been a increases in crimes of opportunity to include robbery, carjacking and vehicle thefts. ¶4. Natural Disasters ¶A. Earthquakes and tremors are common throughout the year and visitors should be prepared to deal with these and other natural disasters. There have been several devastating earthquakes throughout Peru's history and Peru has the highest rating for seismic activity assigned by the State Department. In August 2007, the South of Peru experienced and 8.0 earthquake that killed 510 individuals and injured thousands. Mudslides and landslides also occur with frequency during the rainy season and often shut down or close roads for extended periods of time. ¶B. The most basic advice for earthquake preparedness includes three steps: Plan. Prepare. Practice. ¶C. In an earthquake region residents should think about what supplies, tools, information and resource they will need in the event of an earthquake. There are six basic elements people should have as part of their preparedness kit: water, food, first aid supplies, clothing and bedding, tools and emergency supplies (e.g., candles, gloves, hard hats, pry bar, flashlights, matches, sanitation supplies),and specialty items for medical conditions. ¶D. When developing your emergency plan, take the time to write down exactly what you will do and make a record of critical information (addresses, contact numbers, bank information, etc.) There are two tools that can be downloaded and used to help you plan effectively - the Emergency Financial First Aid Kit and the Personal Disaster Preparedness Guide. Both document templates are available at http://www.operationhope.org/smdev/lf1.php?id =187. ¶E. Once you have you plan prepared and your emergency supplies assembled, you (and anyone else in your household) should take time to practice your emergency plans. What would you do if an earthquake occurred during the workday? Where would you meet? Does everyone have an emergency kit they can use if they are away from home? ¶F. A good way to check how prepared you are for an emergency is to attempt to evacuate your home with only ten minutes notice. Observe how many essential items (emergency supplies, important papers, food, clothing) you are able to assemble and depart with in this short time frame. Be honest with yourself and then take steps to correct the deficiencies in the location, accessibility and quantities of your emergency supplies. Practice your emergency plan at least once every six months. If you have other family members in your home, consider running a practice drill during the night or early morning to see if everyone can effectively respond at an inconvenient time to an emergency such as an earthquake. ¶G. A final reminder is to keep track of the food and water supplies you have on hand and rotate them on a regular basis. Buy what you will eat and then eat what you buy. It is essential to be familiar with how to prepare and store the food you have selected as part of your emergency supplies. A useful reference is an article entitled "Preparing an Emergency Food Supply, Short Term Food Storage" found at http://www.fcs.uga.edu/ext/pubs/html/FDNS-E-3 4-2.html . The article, written by food safety specialists, outlines important tips to keep in mind when purchasing emergency supplies by focusing on how you should be planning to store the food once you have begun to use it. Additional references: FEMA - Earthquake page http://www.fema.gov/hazard/earthquake/index.s htm Drop Cover Hold On http://www.dropcoverholdon.org Terremotos.org A California-specific site but it contains useful guidance in Spanish for earthquake preparedness http://www.terremotos.org Red Cross - Earthquake Preparedness http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/ 0,1082,0_583_,00.html Red Cross - Earthquake Preparedness (Spanish) http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/ foreignmat/earthspn.html Travelers should be sure to consult the U.S. Embassy's Consular Information Sheet, either through the U.S. Department of State's webpage (www.state.gov) or the Embassy's webpage (http://peru.usembassy.gov). ¶5. Police Response: ¶A. With the exception of several special units, PNP lacks professionalism in comparison with U.S. standards. Many police are eager to serve but do not have the training and equipment necessary to effectively serve the populace. Morale is poor, pay is low and corruption is rampant, which has helped create an overall negative image of the police in the minds of the populace. Police have been known to either solicit bribes in order to supplement their salaries, or may readily accept bribes when offered. Police response to reported crimes is notoriously slow and in many cases largely ineffective. There is a police presence in all major cities and town, but they are often unable to respond to calls for service and are incapable of proactively fighting crime. Any circumstance involving a violation of the law, including traffic accidents, must be reported to the local police station. Police will not initiate an investigation of any incident until a report has been filed. Foreign visitors who become victims of a crime should contact the Policia de Turismo (tourist police) whenever possible. The tourist police are among the more knowledgeable and helpful of police units, can be found in the major tourist areas, and are more likely to speak English. Police emergency number: Police Turismo Lima: Office: 332-3222 Fax: 431-1668 Trujillo Region: (044) 232-552 Subregion: 221-908 Fax: 207-054 Iquitos Region: (065) 232-453 Cusco Region: (084) 242-611 Telefax: 802-606 Turismo 249-6654 Chiclayo Region: (074) 237-740 Fax: 235-534 Central: 236-700 Turismo: 236-700 extension 311 Cajamarca Subregion: (076) 822-832, 822-165 Fax: 823-438 Huaraz Region: (043) 721-592 Chimbote Region: (043) 329-205, 321-651 Fax: 346-606 Huancayo Region: (064) 217-458, 234-651 Ica Region: (056) 218-456 Ilo Provincial: (053) 781-331 Fax: 781-212 Huanuco Provincial: (062) 513-262, 513-480 Fax: 781-220 Piura Region: (730)305-455, 307-650, 326-071 ¶6. Medical Emergencies: ¶A. Emergency medical service is generally not reliable in Peru. The U.S. Embassy health unit recommends the use of private ambulance services whenever possible. Telephone numbers for these services can be found in local telephone directories. The quality of medical facilities also varies from location to location, and U.S. health insurance is almost never taken. For this reason, treatment may be held up until proof of ability to pay is shown, either by cash or credit card. ¶B. The following are U.S. Embassy recommended health clinics in Lima: Clinica Anglo American Tel: 221-3656 Av. Salazar s/n Cuadra 3 San Isidro District Clinica San Felipe Tel: 219-0000 Av. Gregorio Escobedo 650 Jesus Maria Clinica San Felipe Urgent Care Center Tel: 219-0000 Ext. 718 Av Javier Prado Este 4841 La Molina Clinica San Borja Tel: 475-3141, 475-4410 Av. Guardia Civil 337 San Borja District Clinica El Golf Tel: 264-3300 Av. Aurelio Miro Quesada 1030 San Isidro District ¶7. Travel Precautions: Tips on How to Avoid Becoming a Victim ¶A. Travelers should maintain a low profile where possible. They should also attempt to dress down and avoid carrying large sums of cash, credit cards, ATM cards, cameras, and wearing expensive jewelry. It is recommended that money be changed at local banks or at established hotels, rather than through the moneychangers that operate in vast number along city streets which have been known to deal in counterfeit currency. Credit card fraud is rampant and many travelers have reported the theft of their cards numbers while traveling in Peru. The Embassy recommends that travelers limit their use of credit cards to paying only for hotel expenses or purchases at well-established businesses. Travelers should exercise caution when withdrawing money from ATM machines. Criminals have been known to stake out banks and after identifying an individual who has withdrawn cash, either immediately assault them or follow them to another location before committing the robbery. In recent years several high profile Peruvian citizens fell victim to such robberies after being followed from a bank to their house by assailants. ¶B. Under Peruvian law all persons must carry one form of valid photo identification. Due to the large trade in stolen U.S. passports, travelers are cautioned to avoid carrying their passports whenever possible, but should carry a photocopy of the data/biographic page, the page containing the visa (if needed),and a copy of the Peruvian Immigration form received at the port of entry. Additionally, some type of valid original photo identification must also be carried, such as a driver's license. Original passports should be locked in a hotel safe or other secure location. ¶C. Tourists should try to travel in groups whenever possible and use radio-dispatched taxicabs rather than public transportation. There are a number of radio dispatched taxi services available in Lima, all which provides generally reliable service in late model sedans. These "radio taxis" offer a higher degree of security since criminals, operating in groups or individually, have been known to pose as taxi drivers and prey on unsuspecting individuals. Particular care should be exercised when traveling to and from Jorge Chavez International Airport in Lima. The Embassy has seen a rash of crimes in which thieves smash the car windows of slowly passing or stopped vehicles and steal items or real or perceived value from unsuspecting travelers, such as purses, laptops, backpacks, and luggage. Several members from the American community have reported items being stolen from their checked luggage at the international airport. Caution should also be used when placing valuables, specifically electronic items, into checked luggage when traveling through the airports in Peru. ¶D. There are several competent private security businesses operating in Peru, many of which offer a wide variety of services in Peru, many of which offer a wide variety of services such as executive protection, private investigations, guard services for large events, armored car services, and physical security for both work and residential locations. The Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy would be happy to discuss the security concerns of all U.S. business travelers contemplating a trip to Peru, provide recommendations for security companies, or to otherwise be of assistance to the OSAC members while in country. How to contact the Embassy: Regional Security Officers: 618-2469 RSO: George Nutwell DRSO: Luis Matus ARSO: Anthony Spotti ARSO: Pamela Maldonado ARSO: Abraham Ramirez ARSO/I: Galo Guerrero Embassy Operator 434-3000 Consular Affairs 618-2518 Political Section 618-2410 Economic Section 618-2410 Marine Post One 618-2436 ¶8. OSAC Country Council ¶A. There is an active OSAC country council in Lima that encourages all potential members to join. Prospective members can obtain further information on how to enroll by contacting the OSAC country council at the American Chamber of Commerce at 011 511 241-0708. For further information regarding security issues in Peru, visit the Regional Security Office's Internet website at http://peru.usembassy.gov/wwwsrso.shtml, or contact the Regional Security Office of the U.S. Embassy by phone (011 511 618 2469),fax (011 511 618 2278) or e-mail (RSOLIMA@state.gov). More information is available by calling the U.S. Dept. of State's consular information number (202 647 4000) or visiting their website at http://travel.state.gov. ¶9. Point of Contact for this message is RSO George M. Nutwell III, contact information is provided above. Regards. MCKINLEY