ATTEMPTS TO BRING STATE AUTHORITY TO

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 KINSHASA 000275 SENSITIVE SIPDIS E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: PGOV PREL MOPS PHUM PREF KPKO CG SUBJECT: ATTEMPTS TO BRING STATE AUTHORITY TO NORTH KIVU YIELDING UNEVEN RESULTS ¶1. (SBU) Summary: MONUC-trained police are deploying to former CNDP-occupied areas, as the GDRC attempts to establish state authority in the region north of Goma. Police who worked under the CNDP administration remain in the region, and integration with the national police (PNC) has been uneven. Crime is on the rise, especially stemming from unpaid FARDC troops. FDLR rebels remain active in the area as well. MONUC has stepped up its outreach in an effort to improve its public image. End Summary. Government Police Return -------------- ¶2. (SBU) A key aspect of establishing government authority in the former CNDP territory north of Goma is reintroduction of police forces loyal to the GDRC. Most of the existing forces in the Petit Nord consist of CNDP loyalists, estimated at 900 police. Some are career police officers who simply switched sides when the area was occupied by the CNDP, while others were appointed directly by the CNDP leadership. MONUC is facilitating the deployment of several hundred additional national police to the region, providing them with basic training, vehicles and some weapons. MONUC is also building new police headquarters in several towns. The effort is a key part of MONUC's and various NGO's stabilization programs, funded by donors. ¶3. (SBU) On a trip to Rutshuru, Niyalima and Kinyondoni on March 21, members of the International Facilitation, including Goma PolOff, visited recently deployed PNC units. While only 10-20% of the officers were armed, all wore brand new uniforms provided by the GDRC. Each of the units had new vehicles and, since they often lack gas, they often conduct joint patrols with MONUC in UN vehicles. PNC morale seemed high, and the officers with whom we spoke were intelligent and motivated. The new police have been paid their $28 monthly salaries. ¶4. (SBU) The new forces appear to enjoy the support from communities weary of CNDP, FDLR and FARDC depredations, but the relationship between the new units with the existing police force is still ambiguous. The new police are supposed to be integrated with existing forces, but instead often operate on a parallel structure. In Rutshuru, the newly deployed police appear to have access to all police facilities, but in Niyalima they tend to defer to the existing forces and seek their assistance when arresting or jailing 
suspects. Some NGO's in the area around Rutshuru tell us that the situation has not really changed. CNDP fighters in FARDC uniforms remain in their previous positions, and CNDP forces continue to levy taxes which they do not remit to the government. MONUC believes the parallel structures will eventually consolidate, but acknowledges that in some areas the process is one of "fusion, not integration." FDLR: A Criminal Threat -------------- ¶5. (SBU) Colonel Ranbir Vashistha, Commander of the MONUC headquarters base in Rutshuru, said the FDLR remains active in the area, despite the recent RDF operations to push them away from the border with Rwanda. As a military force, they are a "menace, not a threat," but as a criminal element, they continue to prey on locals. Some residents said they feared returning to their homes on the borders of the Virunga National Park because of the presence of FDLR cadre. Residents of the IDP camp just outside the MONUC base in Rutshuru said FDLR fighters tax farmers who walk from the camps to their fields to the west of town. ¶6. (SBU) Colonel Ranbir estimated the numbers of FDLR in the area at 150-200, with 60-80 combatants. He told us that these "bandits" were demoralized, and had expressed interest in surrendering to MONUC. Asked if MONUC would pursue them militarily, he replied that the FARDC should undertake such operations with MONUC support. He claimed the FARDC, with an estimated 30,000 troops in North Kivu, has adequate resources for the undertaking, but may lack the political will. ¶7. (SBU) Unpaid FARDC soldiers are also a threat to the populace and travelers. FARDC troops have gone on looting sprees in several towns. On March 17, uniformed soldiers robbed an IRC vehicle after it was involved in an accident, firing shots into the car chassis. A vehicle with staff from the NGO Search for Common Ground was robbed at gunpoint on March 16 by uniformed troops. The vehicle was carrying a FARDC captain and major, who were also robbed (Comment: The incident reveals one of the consequences of rushed integration. Command structures have been upended, and soldiers are not accountable to anyone in many areas. End comment). KINSHASA 00000275 002 OF 002 MONUC Community Outreach -------------- ¶8. (SBU) As part of its effort to help establish GDRC control in the Petit Nord, MONUC has increased efforts to reach out to local communities. Until recently, the local Indian troops had little contact with locals (partly because several Indian troops were censured a few years ago for inappropriate sexual contact with local women). In addition to increasing its interaction with local police, MONUC has increased its use of foot patrols, changing a pattern of relying exclusively on vehicle patrols. ¶9. (SBU) On the evening of March 21, MONUC invited residents of the 10,000 member IDP camp next to its Rutshuru base to a concert featuring a 16-member marching band followed by a six piece electric combo that played Swahili favorites. Several dozen children ran out to mimic the varied marching styles of the military band and a handful of Senegalese MONUC peacekeepers mingled with the crowd of over 1,000 Congolese during the subsequent concert. Several women in the audience negotiated their way onto the stage to lead the crowd in Swahili standards, while local security personnel kept the children in the front away from the concertina wire that separated the field from the stage and the base. Following the musical acts, MONUC treated the crowd to a movie in Swahili. The MONUC Public Affairs Officer who arranged the event has been in touch with the Military Information Support Team (MIST) about continuing such events at other MONUC bases in proximity to IDP camps. ¶10. (SBU) Comment: The reintroduction of GDRC police and MONUC's public outreach provide some evidence that peace may be taking hold in the Petit Nord. The U.S. and other international donors have long urged MONUC to get out of their vehicles and improve their dismal image with the populace. A bit of entertainment for bored and dispirited IDP's also provides a venue for public education for everything from health care to political reconciliation. Improved security is the single biggest requirement for enticing IDP's to return to their homes and farms. It appears that few have decided to leave the camp at the MONUC base, and the increasing impunity of uniformed troops contributes to regional insecurity. The proximity of FDLR forces is also problematic. NGO's and MONUC will continue to implement stabilization programs, but continuing insecurity works against restoration of GDRC authority in the Petit Nord. End Comment. GARVELINK