TREASURY DEPUTY SECRETARY REVIEWS FOOD SECURITY,

C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 04 KIGALI 000829 SIPDIS TREASURY - DEPSEC WOLIN, RKLEIN, DPETERS, ABAUKOL, JLECOMPTE E.O. 12958: DECL: 12/04/2019 TAGS: ECON EFIN EAGR EAID EINV PREL PGOV RW SUBJECT: TREASURY DEPUTY SECRETARY REVIEWS FOOD SECURITY, INFRASTRUCTURE, GLOBAL DOWNTURN WITH GOR REF: KIGALI 733 KIGALI 00000829 001.2 OF 004 Classified By: Ambassador W.S. Symington, reasons 1.4 (b) and (d) ¶1. (SBU) SUMMARY: U.S. Treasury Deputy Secretary Neal Wolin reviewed food security, infrastructure needs and the impact of the global economic downturn on Rwanda with senior government officials, members of the private sector and international donor organizations October 29-November 1. Rwanda's food security has fared better this year than its neighbors, but the country remains vulnerable to food shortages. Government officials emphasized the need for investment in transportation infrastructure and regional economic integration to support sustained development. The Minister of Finance asked the USG to support Rwanda's request to the IMF to lower concessional lending requirements from 50-35 percent, and to encourage OPIC and Ex-Im Bank support for U.S. companies investing in Rwanda. Both government officials and members of the private sector expressed confidence that the worst of the global economic downturn had passed and hopes for stronger economic growth in ¶2010. END SUMMARY. Food Security--Could be Worse--Could be Better -------------- - ¶2. (SBU) On October 30, Minister of Finance James Musoni and Minister of Agriculture Agnes Kalibata told Deputy Secretary Wolin that the agricultural sector is "crucial" to Rwanda's economic growth. Kalibata noted that late rains in October and November were likely to reduce agricultural growth to half of last year's 14 percent. Musoni confirmed that private sector investment and credit access for farmers were low, and suggested that unpredictable rains and market factors increased risks to lenders and potential investors. Kalibata said that the government has increased agricultural productivity over the last few years through land consolidation programs (consolidating land for specific crop production) and better distribution of fertilizers. Musoni concurred with this assessment, but noted fertilizer distribution has "just started" and more investment is needed in irrigation to offset unpredictable rainfall. ¶3. (SBU) Local farmers advised the Deputy Secretary that limited access to credit constrained their ability to grow �A;their businesses. Dairy farmers complained that they were unable to distribute their products nationally because they could not get loans to buy refrigerated trucks. Local bankers admitted having little appetite for lending to the agricultural sector, adding that they did not have enough knowledge to assess the credit risks. They blamed the low levels of credit on poor information, the absence of land titles (for collateral),and on farmers' lack of credit sophistication. Central Bank Governor Kanimba agreed that land registration and titling "remains a challenge" that contributes to shortages of credit to the sector. The Governor noted that only 21 percent of Rwandans have access to financial services and said it needs to be around 60-70 percent to support sustained economic development. ¶4. (SBU) The World Bank, USAID and African Development Bank (AfDB) are actively supporting Rwandan agricultural development. On October 30, the Deputy Secretary heard about an AfDB-supported dairy project that includes Qan AfDB-supported dairy project that includes distribution of dairy cows to poor families, toured a USAID-supported dairy processing facility that purchased milk from local dairy farmers, and visited a village "milk bar" and a high-end restaurant in Kigali selling packaged yogurts and cheeses from the dairy. The projects emphasized the importance of building a complete food value chain from dairy cow to finished product. The AfDB Resident Representative told the Deputy Secretary that the project was also aimed at breaking down social/ethnic barriers. He explained that during colonial times, ethnic groups were distinguished by the number of cows they owned. Families that owned ten cows or more were Tutsis, those that had less were Hutus. The AfDB Representative said that the project helped reconciliation efforts by breaking down social/ethnic distinctions based on "cattle ownership." Impact of Global Economic Downturn -------------- ¶5. (SBU) The Rwandan central bank has overall responsibility for monetary policy and regulating banks and non-bank KIGALI 00000829 002.2 OF 004 financial institutions. Governor Kanimba said Rwanda has been adversely affected by the global economic downturn and in 2009 experienced a decline in private transfers, lower exports and lower tourism receipts. While inflation is presently below 6 percent, the current account has deteriorated due to higher imports of equipment and intermediate goods, he added. Kanimba predicted economic growth for 2009 to be 3-4 percent, down from 11.2 percent in ¶2008. ¶6. (C) Commercial bankers explained to the Deputy Secretary on October 30 that the 2008-9 slowdown in credit extension resulted from an overly rapid credit expansion in prior years, leading to an increase in non-performing loans. Efforts to "clean up" loan portfolios coincided with the downturn in the global economy, shrinking bank credit portfolios. The CEO of Fina Bank noted that commercial banks were also suffering from an imbalance between short-term deposits and market demand for medium- and long-term loans, making it risky for them to extend credit beyond six months. All of the bankers meeting with the Deputy Secretary indicated that the environment of tight credit seemed to have bottomed out, and that they expected to increase lending in 2010. The CEO of Banque Commercial du Rwanda (BCR) noted that his bank had just successfully syndicated the largest domestic bank loan in Rwanda's history. ¶7. (C) Treasury's resident Technical Advisor Greg Ambrosio outlined Treasury assistance programs to the Central Bank and Ministry of Finance and noted that Rwandan financial markets were very young and lacked sophistication in pricing medium- and long-term financial instruments. As a result, Rwanda does not have a reliable market-based "yield curve" to guide lenders on credit pricing beyond six months. The Treasury technical assistance program is currently working with the Central Bank and the Capital Markets Advisory Group (CMAG) to develop Rwandan capital markets and advise the Ministry of Finance on improving debt management and cash forecasting. During the Treasury delegation's visit, both the Minister of Finance and the Governor of the Central Bank expressed their appreciation to the Deputy Secretary for this assistance. We are Land Locked...but Not Air Locked -------------- ¶8. (SBU) Describing Rwanda as "land locked but not air locked", Musoni briefed Deputy Secretary Wolin on Rwanda's 2020 vision of becoming a regional ICT and logistics hub. By focusing on good governance, political and economic stability, business reform and anti-corruption, the GOR hopes to attract private sector investors who will use Rwanda as a base for distributing products and services to southern Uganda, Burundi, western Tanzania and eastern DRC. Musoni also stressed the importance of reducing energy costs and improving transportation infrastructure to make Rwanda regionally competitive. ¶9. (C) Rwanda is seeking to expand air transportation capacity by building a new airport and expanding regional air services offered by Rwandair. Rwandair COO Jack Ekl explained to the Treasury delegation that Rwandair has expanded its routes to South Africa, and secured the right to fly to Dubai, Kinshasa, Goma and Angola. (The DRC has Qfly to Dubai, Kinshasa, Goma and Angola. (The DRC has granted Rwandair air routes to all major cities in the DRC.) Ekl noted that Rwandair serves an important regional transportation role and provides competition for Kenyan Airways. The Rwandair COO said that Rwandair has purchased two CRJ aircraft from Lufthansa and is currently negotiating with Boeing to purchase two 737s for longer-haul flights. Ekl acknowledged that Rwandair has never had a profitable year and that the government of Rwanda has assumed Rwandair debt every year. He blamed Rwandair's problems on previous management's poor business decisions. Purchasing aircraft from Boeing would be less costly and more secure than Rwandair's current practice of using "wet leases", Ekl explained. Boeing and Rwandair are seeking Ex-Im Bank financing for the purchase. ¶10. (C) Musoni and Minister of Infrastructure Linda Bihire pointed to the proposed Dar-es-Salaam to Kigali rail project as crucial to Rwanda's development. Bihire said the GOR is currently evaluating competing proposals for the rail link, KIGALI 00000829 003.2 OF 004 one by U.S.-based Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) and the other by German-based Railion. The U.S. proposal emphasizes freight traffic while the German proposal is passenger oriented and costlier. Bihire told Emboff privately that she favors the BNSF proposal. Musoni noted the GOR hoped to finance major infrastructure projects through public private partnerships and asked the Deputy Secretary to encourage USG institutions such as Ex-Im Bank and OPIC to "work with private sector U.S. companies that are seeking their support to do business in Rwanda." MOF Asks for Treasury Support with IMF -------------- ¶11. (C) Finance Minister Musoni expressed concern that Rwanda's efforts to develop its infrastructure will be constrained by IMF guidelines requiring Rwanda to borrow only at concessional terms of at least 50 percent. He opined that existing IMF standby funds programs only assist with balance of payment issues, but do not address infrastructure needs. He would like the IMF concessional rates requirement to be lowered to 35 percent to allow more flexibility in funding infrastructure projects. According to Musoni and the IMF Resident Representative Dmitry Gershenson, the IMF and the World Bank set jointly the concessional lending requirements based on existing debt levels and a country's "capacity" to evaluate and manage new debt commitments. The IMF is considering allowing reduced concessional rates for those countries facing low to moderate risk of debt distress and that have a high capacity to evaluate new debt commitments. ¶12. (C) During the October 30 meeting with the Deputy Secretary, Musoni flagged this issue and requested Treasury support for Rwanda's position that it qualifies for reduced concessionality requirements. (Note: Gershenson explained separately to Econoff that the IMF considers Rwanda a low to moderate risk country for "debt distress," but that the country's Public Expenditure Financial Accountability (PEFA) scores were slightly below the "cutoff" point, placing Rwanda in a "gray area" for consideration of reduced concessional rates. Gershenon said that during discussions between the IMF and GOR November 1-3, the GOR argued that the PEFA scores were based on a 2006 evaluation and did not take into account the country's improved Public Financial Management performance. End Note.) Methane Power -------------- ¶13. (SBU) On October 31, the Treasury delegation traveled to Lake Kivu to meet with Energy Minister Albert Butare and tour a government-owned methane power pilot project in Gisenyi. Butare explained to the Deputy Secretary that Lake Kivu has 55 billion cubic meters of methane dissolved in the water at depths of 1,000 feet. American-based Contour Global is investing $325 million in a project to extract the methane and generate 100 MW of power. Contour Global is seeking from OPIC both political risk insurance and financing for the project. The GOR is also negotiating with other investors to exploit the Lake Kivu methane resource and has signed an MOU with the DRC to jointly build a 200 MW methane-powered electricity plant. Rwanda and DRC previously signed an MOU to jointly develop the methane in Qpreviously signed an MOU to jointly develop the methane in Lake Kivu, which could potentially produce up to 1,000 MW of power for the two countries over the next 50 years, Butare explained. Regional Integration--Gaining Momentum -------------- ¶14. (SBU) Musoni told Deputy Secretary Wolin there was "good momentum" in implementing East African Community (EAC) integration. A customs union has been achieved and the EAC was making good progress in establishing a common market. Musoni noted there remained "macroeconomic convergence challenges" but said the central banks were working together to establish an "EAC Monetary Institute" that would eventually evolve into a EAC Central Bank. Musoni said the date for monetary union and a common currency would slip from 2012 to as late as 2014, but noted "commitment is there but people are cautious." ¶15. (U) On October 31, Deputy Secretary Wolin reviewed food security, regional integration and improving Rwandan KIGALI 00000829 004.2 OF 004 relations with Democratic Republic of Congo with President Paul Kagame (Reftel). ¶16. (C) COMMENT: Discussions between the GOR and Treasury Deputy Secretary were informative, positive and constructive. The GOR is focused on implementing regional integration, attracting private sector investment and building infrastructure to improve food security and support its ambition of turning Rwanda into a regional economic hub. To accomplish this the GOR is requesting a more flexible IMF policy on concessional lending and greater support from USG trade support agencies such as Ex-Im bank and OPIC. The GOR is appreciative of Treasury technical assistance to the financial sector and very much welcomed the visit by Deputy Secretary Wolin. END COMMENT. SYMINGTON