SECURITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE QUESTIONNAIRE (SEPQ),

S E C R E T JAKARTA 000347 NOFORN DS/IP/ITA, DS/IP/EAP E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/20/2019 TAGS: ASEC PTER SUBJECT: SECURITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE QUESTIONNAIRE (SEPQ), SPRING 2009 REF: STATE 13023 Classified By: Jeff D. Lischke, Regional Security Officer for reasons 1 .4 (a+b+c) POLITICAL VIOLENCE: ¶1. (SBU) Demonstrations ¶A. Are there any ethnic or religious communities in country capable of carrying out significant anti-American demonstrations? Yes. Segments of Indonesia's Muslim and Papuan communities are capable and at times will carry out anti-American protests. Most demonstrations, though not all, are by Muslim groups peacefully protesting U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Most recently, several different Muslim groups protested at the Embassy, the Consulate in Surabaya and the American Presence Post in Medan because of the Israeli incursion into Gaza. Demonstrations were daily and numbered from 50 to tens of thousands. There have also been several small peaceful demonstrations at the U.S. Embassy by members of the Papuan ethnic group (OPM) protesting to promote their interests. ¶B. Have there been anti-American demonstrations in the country within the last 12 months? Several, but all peaceful. Only one resulted in the arrest of four demonstrators. ¶C. Have demonstrations taken place near or in front of U.S. diplomatic facilities? Yes, in front of the Embassy in Jakarta, the Consulate General in Surabaya and the APP in Medan, all peaceful. ¶D. What is the average size of an anti-American demonstration? In this reporting period the size of the demonstrations has ranged from 25 to tens of thousands. ¶E. Are anti-American demonstrations usually triggered by U.S. foreign policy initiatives, military actions, or by domestic issues? Generally, the anti-American demonstrations are almost always triggered by U.S. foreign policy/military initiatives relating to the Middle East and our relationship with Israel and not by domestic issues. ¶F. Are demonstrations generally violent or peaceful? Anti-American demonstrations in the last 12 months have been peaceful. The protesters typically chant anti-American messages and use portable sound equipment to broadcast anti-American rhetoric. The police support is excellent and always responsive to the Embassy's requests. ¶G. If violent, have any demonstrations resulted in damage to USG property or injuries to USG employees? The demonstrations have not been violent; no damage to U.S. Government property or injuries to U.S. personnel occurred within the last 12 months. ¶H. If violent, have any demonstrators ever penetrated our perimeter security line? N/A. ¶I. Have there been anti-government demonstrations in the country within the last 12 months? Yes. ¶J. Have demonstrations taken place near or in front of U.S. diplomatic facilities? Yes. The U.S. Embassy is located next to the office of the Vice President of Indonesia and directly across from a large public park in proximity to the Presidential Palace. It is common for anti-government demonstrations or rallies to occur at these locations. ¶K. What is the average size of an anti-government demonstration? 50 to several thousand. ¶L. Are demonstrations generally violent or peaceful? Generally peaceful, however one demonstration at the National Unity Monument turned violent in June 2008. The monument is located across the street from the U.S. Embassy. ¶M. If violent, have any demonstrations resulted in damage to USG Property? No. ¶2. (SBU) Macro Conflict Conditions ¶A. Is the host country engaged in an interstate or intrastate conflict? (This may include battles between organized and violent drug cartels.) No. However, in the province of Papua there are long-standing low level separatist movements who in the past have engaged in isolated acts of violence to further their cause. ¶B. If an intrastate conflict, is it an insurgency limited to a specific region or is it a countrywide civil war? The current area with low level separatist movements in Indonesia is limited to Papua. ¶C. If limited to a specific region, are any U.S. diplomatic facilities located in this region? No. ¶D. Have any of the factions involved in intrastate conflicts signaled or demonstrated an anti-American orientation? Yes. Islamic extremist groups in Sulawesi, Papua and Aceh occasionally indulge in anti-U.S. rhetoric. ¶3. Host Country Capabilities ¶A. (SBU) Are law enforcement agencies professional and well trained? They are responsive to requests by the Embassy for support and their response to the daily and sometimes large demonstrations as a result of the Gaza issue was excellent. However, Indonesian law enforcement capabilities vary widely by unit and organization and corruption is present at all levels. ¶B. (SBU) Have they been trained by U.S. agencies? If so, please elaborate on effectiveness of training. Yes. The Embassy's most robust engagement with the Indonesian National Police (INP) is through the Diplomatic Security Services Anti-Terrorism Assistance Program (DS/ATA) and the DOJ's International Criminal Investigators Training Assistance Program (ICITAP),funded largely by State/INL. In addition, the Embassy actively nominates officers to attend a variety of training courses at the International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) in Bangkok. Other training and development opportunities for the police are offered through the Joint Inter-Agency Task Force West (JIATF-West) and to a lesser extent USAID and DOD programs. The Indonesian police have demonstrably improved their ability to handle CT investigations and crises in recent years. The variety and depth of ICITAP's programs with the INP effectively cover a wide swath of issues, from improving the police force's handling of civil unrest to maritime security. ¶C. (C) Are law enforcement agencies confronted with serious, widespread corruption inside their agencies? Yes. Corruption is present at all levels but most significantly in their anti-vice/drugs units, traffic control and personnel responsible for issuing licenses and permits. The current police chief has initiated far-reaching programs to attack the corruption problem, but any significant change will take time. ¶D. (S/NF) Are the intelligence services professional and capable of deterring terrorist actions? Yes, given specific, actionable intelligence information, Indonesia's intelligence services and police are capable of deterring a terrorist action. The three primary Indonesian intelligence and security services are generally competent in both physical surveillance and covert technical collection methods, but are hampered by weak analytic components, chronic budgetary constraints and poor operational coordination that seriously degrade their capabilities. ¶E. (S/NF) Have the intelligence services been cooperative with U.S. embassy requests for information and support? Yes. The Indonesian intelligence services have been generally cooperative on requests for information and support, though sometimes not on the more sensitive issues. Host country intel services have shown occasional reluctance in sharing threat reporting with the U.S. Embassy for fear that the USG will issue new warden notices or reinstate the recently lifted travel warning which directly affects their tourism trade. The Embassy has consistently received CT related reporting, particularly from the INP concerning the results of various raids. ¶F. (SBU) Assuming there have been significant terrorist threats in recent years, have host country security services been able to score any major anti-terrorism successes? Yes. On July 1, 2008, Indonesian National Police counter-terrorism units arrested 10 JI members in Palembang, South Sumatra after an exhaustive 14 month investigation. Numerous improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were confiscated along with weapons and ammunition. Police interrogations of the 10 JI members indicated they planned to attack areas where westerners frequent using the confiscated IEDs. ¶G. (SBU) Has host country been responsive (re: timeliness and allocation of resources) to embassy requests for protective security? Yes. Police support for protective security (PRS) operations is excellent. ¶H. (SBU) How does the embassy assess the overall security at major airports in the country? (excellent, very good, good/average, or poor) Average or below average. In October 2007, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) determined that airport safety at Bali's Ngurah Rah International Airport met International Civil Aviation Organization standards and removed the December 2005 Public Notice warning on state of aviation security at that airport. USG officials have not conducted formal or informal assessments of any other airport in Indonesia, but security standards are generally viewed to be below average. ¶I. (SBU) How effective are customs and immigration controls agencies? (effective, average, or ineffective) Ineffective. Customs and Immigration offices along Indonesia's huge porous border receive little GOI attention, and the lack of funding and training for effective equipment to monitor passenger travel makes it extremely difficult to implement entry/exit control measures. Post funded several workshops to improve immigration security in 2009. ¶J. (SBU) How effective are border patrol forces? (effective, average, or ineffective) Ineffective. The Indonesian military conducts minimal border patrol activities along Indonesia's borders. Neither Immigration nor Customs possesses such a capacity. -------------- Indigenous Terrorism -------------- ¶4. (SBU) Anti-American Terrorist Groups ¶A. (U) Are there indigenous, anti-American terrorist groups in country? Yes. ¶B. (U) If yes, how many? Please name groups. The best known group is the regional Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) terrorist network. Though JI is not specifically built around an anti-American agenda, anti-Americanism is a consistent theme used to provoke violence against western targets. JI is an outgrowth of the Darul Islam (DI) movement, as is Negara Islam Indonesia (NII). Other active, violent groups with the potential to be anti-American include: the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI),Hizbut Tahrir (HTI),the Islamic Youth Movement (GPI),Laskar Jundullah, Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI) and the Indonesian Islamic Students Action Association(KAMMI). ¶C. (U) Have groups carried out anti-American attacks within the last 12 months? No. ¶D. (U) Were any of these lethal attacks? N/A ¶E. (U) Have groups attacked U.S. diplomatic targets? No. ¶F. (U) Have groups attacked U.S. business, U.S. military, or U.S. related targets? Not in the past 12 months. There have been no major terrorist attacks against U.S. or western interests since the 2005 Bali bombings. ¶G. (U) Have groups limited their attacks to specific regions or do they operate countrywide? Some extremist groups, such as FPI, HTI and Laskar Jundullah, tend to concentrate their activities in specific parts of the country. However, terrorist groups like JI have small operational cells based in Java and Sumatra, but have the capabilities to act elsewhere in the country. ¶H. (U) If attacks are limited to regions, are there any U.S. diplomatic facilities located in these regions? No. ¶5. Other Indigenous Terrorist Groups ¶A. (SBU) Are there other indigenous terrorist groups (not anti-American) in country? Yes. As mentioned in 4b, there are several groups in Indonesia based on extremist ideologies, not explicitly anti-American, but which exploit an anti-American or a more general anti-western agenda to justify their operation. ¶B. (C) If yes, how many? Please name groups. The exact number of groups is unknown. Many known JI operatives have ties to several groups, such as the various Laskar groups and the previously mentioned DI and NII, creating the complex interconnected network found behind most of the major terrorist attacks in Indonesia. ¶C. (U) Have groups carried out attacks in the capital or in areas where U.S. diplomatic facilities are located? No, nothing of significance since the 2005 Bali attack. ¶D. (U) Were attacks lethal and/or indiscriminate? None since the 2005 Bali attack. ¶E. (U) Have any Americans been killed or injured in these attacks? In the 2002 Bali attack Americans were killed and injured. There was at least one American injured in both the 2003 Marriott bombing and the 2005 Bali bombing. Since 2005 no Americans have been killed or injured as a result of a terrorist attack in Indonesia. -------------- Transnational Terrorism -------------- ¶6. Transnational Terrorist Indicators ¶A. (S/NF) Are there any foreign terrorist groups that have a presence in country? Provide names. No, there are no foreign groups in country. Some members of the JI network, however, may maintain ties to Al-Qaeda. ¶B. (SBU) How does post assess this presence? Is it an operational cell? Financial cell? Support cell? Propaganda cell? N/A, there are no known foreign terrorist groups in country. ¶C. (SBU) Is the host government sympathetic to these groups? No. Official GOI policy does not support or sympathize with terrorist groups. The government feels constrained in taking pre-emptive action when there is not a strong case to be made in the Indonesian legal system. The GOI executed three terrorists convicted in the Bali 2002 attack in November 2008 with minimum reaction by the Indonesian public. ¶D. (C) Are there suspect non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the country that have a relationship with any of these groups? Yes. Branches of Kompak, a charity arm of Dewan Dakwah Islam Indonesia (DDI),in particular has been known to provide assistance to JI-linked groups in the past and has facilitated jihadi training and activities in the Southern Philippines, Central Sulawesi and Ambon/Maluku. It is unknown whether or not they are still active in Central Sulawesi since the police raids of January 2007. ¶E. (SBU) Are there any ethnic or religious communities in country that are sympathetic to these groups? Yes. A number of people in Indonesia consider the U.S. to be inimical to Islam and its aspirations. While some Indonesian groups are anti-western, they are not aligned with terrorist organizations. ¶F. (S/NF) How does post assess the level, intent, and scope of hostile intelligence services (Iran, Iraq, Syria, Serbia, Sudan, et. al.) in country relative to potential anti-American terrorist acts? The embassy has not seen any indication that hostile third country intelligence services are actively engaged in plotting or planning anti-American activity or anti-American terrorist acts. ¶G. (SBU) How does post assess the availability of weapons and explosives in country or from nearby countries for hostile terrorist elements? Explosives and weapons are readily available in Indonesia (as witnessed by the accidental detonation of fish bombs at various locations in Indonesia in the past 12 months). Indonesia's insufficient border controls allow for easy smuggling of contraband of this nature, particularly between Indonesia's conflict areas and the southern Philippines and southern Thailand. HUME