START FOLLOW-ON NEGOTIATIONS, GENEVA (SFO-GVA-V):

S E C R E T GENEVA 000856 SIPDIS DEPT FOR T, VCI AND EUR/PRA DOE FOR NNSA/NA-24 CIA FOR WINPAC JCS FOR J5/DDGSA SECDEF FOR OSD(P)/STRATCAP NAVY FOR CNO-N5JA AND DIRSSP AIRFORCE FOR HQ USAF/ASX AND ASXP DTRA FOR OP-OS OP-OSA AND DIRECTOR NSC FOR LOOK DIA FOR LEA E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/21/2019 TAGS: KACT MARR PARM PREL RS US START SUBJECT: START FOLLOW-ON NEGOTIATIONS, GENEVA (SFO-GVA-V): (U) U.S.-PROPOSED TREATY JOINT DRAFT TEXT, OCTOBER 1, 2009 Classified By: A/S Rose E. Gottemoeller, United States START Negotiator. Reasons: 1.4(b) and (d). ¶1. (U) This is SFO-GVA-V-044. ¶2. (S) The text at paragraph 3 is the U.S.-proposed treaty text for the START Follow-on Treaty. The text was provided to the Russian delegation on October 1, 2009, at the plenary meeting. ¶3. (S) Begin text: SFO-V U.S. Proposed Joint Draft Text October 1, 2009 TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON MEASURES FOR THE FURTHER REDUCTION AND LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS The United States of America and the Russian Federation, hereinafter referred to as the Parties, Committed to the fulfillment of their obligations under Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of July 1, 1968, and to the achievement of the historic goal of freeing humanity from the nuclear threat, Expressing strong support for global efforts in non-proliferation, ((Conscious that nuclear war would have devastating consequences for all humanity, that it cannot be won and must never be fought,))1 Endeavoring to further reduce the role and importance of nuclear weapons, Continuing along the path of forging a new strategic relationship based on mutual trust, openness, predictability, and cooperation, and desiring to bring their respective nuclear postures into alignment with this new relationship, ((Guided by the principle of (undiminished security of the Parties) (equal security for the Parties) and convinced))2 ((Convinced))1 that the measures for the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms and the other obligations set forth in this Treaty will enhance predictability and stability in strategic offensive arms, ; Taking into account the positive effect on the world situation of significant, verifiable reduction of nuclear arsenals at the turn of the 21st century; ((Desiring to create a mechanism for verifying compliance with the obligations under this Treaty, based on the procedures that were elaborated in the START Treaty, and supplemented by transparency and confidence-building measures;))1 Seeking to preserve continuity in, and provide new impetus to, the step-by-step process of reducing and limiting nuclear arms while maintaining the safety and security of their nuclear arsenals, and with a view to expanding this process in the future, including the possibility of its multilateralization, Recognizing the ((inseparable))2 interrelationship between ((the reduction of))2 strategic offensive ((arms))2 and ((defensive arms))1 ((the deployment and build up of strategic missile defense systems and their components))2, ((Mindful of the significance of strategic ballistic missiles))1 ((In agreement that ICBMs and SLBMs))2 in a non-nuclear configuration ((have an impact on strategic stability))2, Recognizing that the Treaty Between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms of July 31, 1991, hereinafter referred to as the START Treaty, has been implemented by the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the United States of America and that the reduction levels envisaged by the Treaty were achieved, Deeply appreciating the contribution of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and Ukraine to ((the cause of general and complete disarmament and))2 strengthening international peace and security as non-nuclear-weapon states ((under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of July 1, 1968))1, Noting the ((reductions in strategic nuclear warheads carried out under))1 ((successful implementation of))2 the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Strategic Offensive Reductions of May 24, 2002, ((Believing that global challenges and threats require continued use of qualitatively new approaches to interaction on the whole range of strategic relations))1, Have agreed as follows: Article I ((1. Each Party shall implement measures aimed at strengthening trust, openness, and predictability of the development of strategic relations, and))2 (Each Party))1 shall reduce and limit its strategic offensive arms in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and shall carry out the other obligations set forth in this Treaty and its Annex((es, Protocols, and Memorandum of Understanding))1. ((2. The obligations under this Treaty shall be assumed by the Parties in conditions where they have strategic missile defense systems, hereinafter referred to as MD systems, at the level existing at the time of Treaty signature.)) 2 ((3. The terms and definitions adopted for purposes of this Treaty are given in Section I of the Annex to this Treaty.))2 Article II ((1.))2 Each Party shall reduce and limit its ICBMs and ICBM launchers, SLBMs and SLBM launchers, heavy bombers, ICBM warheads, SLBM warheads, and heavy bomber ((nuclear))2 armaments, so that seven years after entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter, the aggregate numbers, as counted in accordance with Article III of this Treaty, do not exceed: (a) (((500 - 1100)))1 ((500))2, for deployed ICBMs ((and their associated launchers))1 deployed SLBMs ((and their associated launchers))1, and deployed heavy bombers; (b) (((1500-1675)))1 ((1675))2, for ((nuclear))1 warheads on deployed ICBMs, ((on))1 deployed SLBMs, and ((on or associated with))1 deployed heavy bombers ((.))1 ((; and))2 (((c) 600, ICBM and SLBM launchers.))2 ((2. Each Party shall determine for itself the composition and structure of its strategic offensive arms, based on the aggregate limits provided for in this Article.))2 Article III ¶1. For the purposes of counting toward the ((aggregate))2 limit provided for in subparagraph ((1))2 (a) of Article II of this Treaty: (a) Each deployed ICBM ((and its associated launcher))1 shall be counted as one unit. (b) Each deployed SLBM ((and its associated launcher))1 shall be counted as one unit. (c) Each deployed heavy bomber shall be counted as one unit. ¶2. For the purposes of counting toward the ((aggregate))2 limit provided for in subparagraph ((1))2 (b) of Article II of this Treaty: (a) ((For ICBMs and SLBMs, the number of nuclear warheads shall be the number of nuclear-armed reentry vehicles emplaced on deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs.))1 ((Each reentry vehicle on deployed ICBMs or SLBMs shall be counted as one warhead.))2 ((The number of non-nuclear-armed reentry vehicles emplaced on deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs shall not be included in this number.))1 (b) ((For deployed heavy bombers, the number of nuclear warheads shall be the number of nuclear armaments loaded on deployed heavy bombers and in nuclear armaments weapons storage areas associated with air bases where deployed heavy bombers are based.))1 ((Each long-range nuclear ALCM and each other heavy bomber nuclear armament, other than a long-range nuclear ALCM, on deployed heavy bombers shall be counted as one warhead.))2 ((The number of non-nuclear armaments loaded on deployed heavy bombers and in such nuclear armaments weapons storage areas shall not be included in this number.))1 ((3. For the purposes of counting toward the aggregate limit provided for in subparagraph 1 (c) of Article II of this Treaty, each deployed launcher of ICBMs and SLBMs, as well as each non-deployed launcher of ICBMs and SLBMs shall be counted as one unit.))2 ((3. For the purposes of counting deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers and deployed SLBMs and their associated launchers: (a) Each deployed launcher of ICBMs and each deployed launcher of SLBMs shall be considered to contain one deployed ICBM or one deployed SLBM, respectively. (b) If a deployed ICBM has been removed from its launcher and another missile has not been installed in that launcher, such an ICBM removed from its launcher and located at that ICBM base shall continue to be considered to be contained in that launcher. (c) If a deployed SLBM has been removed from its launcher and another missile has not been installed in that launcher, such an SLBM removed from its launcher shall be considered to be contained in that launcher. Such an SLBM removed from its launcher shall be located only at a facility at which non-deployed SLBMs may be located pursuant to subparagraph 3(a) of Article IV of this Treaty or be in movement to such a facility.))1 ((4. For the purposes of this Treaty, including counting ICBMs and SLBMs: (a) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported in stages, the first stage of an ICBM or SLBM of a particular type shall be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM of that type. (b) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles without launch canisters, an assembled missile of a particular type shall be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM of that type. (c) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles in launch canisters, an assembled missile of a particular type, in its launch canister, shall be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM of that type. (d) Each launch canister shall be considered to contain an ICBM or SLBM from the time it first leaves a facility at which an ICBM or SLBM is installed in it until an ICBM or SLBM has been launched from it or until an ICBM or SLBM has been removed from it for elimination. A launch canister shall not be considered to contain an ICBM or SLBM if it contains a training model of a missile or has been placed on static display. Launch canisters for ICBMs or SLBMs of a particular type shall be distinguishable from launch canisters for ICBMs or SLBMs of a different type.))1 ((4. Strategic offensive arms shall be counted toward the aggregate limits provided for in this Treaty as follows: (a) ICBMs: from the time an ICBM is placed in (on) an ICBM launcher, to the time the ICBM is removed from (taken off) the ICBM launcher; (b) SLBMs: from the time an SLBM is placed in an SLBM launcher, to the time the SLBM is removed from the SLBM launcher; (c) heavy bombers: from the time a heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments first arrives at an air base for heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments, to the time when the heavy-bomber conversion or elimination procedures have been completed; (d) warheads: (i) on ICBMs: from the time each reentry vehicle is placed on a deployed ICBM, to the time each reentry vehicle is taken off the deployed ICBM or the deployed ICBM with the front section containing reentry vehicles is removed from (taken off) the launcher; (ii) on SLBMs: from the time each reentry vehicle is placed on a deployed SLBM, to the time each reentry vehicle is taken off the deployed SLBM or the deployed SLBM with the front section containing reentry vehicles is removed from the launcher; (iii) on heavy bombers: from the time each long-range nuclear ALCM or each other nuclear armament, other than a long-range nuclear ALCM, is placed on a deployed heavy bomber, to the time the enumerated nuclear armaments are taken off the deployed heavy bomber; (e) ICBM and SLBM launchers: (i) silo launcher of ICBMs: from the time the protective device is first installed and closed, to the time the protective device of the silo launcher of ICBMs is dismantled; (ii) mobile launcher of ICBMs: from the time a mobile launcher of ICBMs arrives at an ICBM base, to the time when the conversion or elimination procedures for a mobile launcher of ICBMs have been completed, or the time of its return to a production facility; (iii) SLBM launcher: when a submarine coming from a production facility arrives at a base for submarines with SLBM launchers, to the time when the conversion or elimination procedures for an SLBM launcher have been completed.))2 ((5. For the purposes of this Treaty, each reentry vehicle on an ICBM or SLBM shall be considered to be one nuclear warhead unless demonstrated otherwise.))1 ((6. For purposes of this Treaty, each nuclear armament loaded on deployed heavy bombers and in nuclear armaments weapons storage areas associated with air bases where deployed heavy bombers are based shall be considered to be one nuclear warhead.))1 ((7.))1 ((2. (Article IV)))2 Newly constructed strategic offensive arms shall begin to be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty as follows: (a) an ICBM when ((it))1 ((an ICBM or the first stage of an ICBM that are (sic) maintained, stored, and transported in stages,))2 first leaves the production facility; (((b)))1 (((d)(ii)))2 a mobile launcher of ICBMs, when ((it))1 ((a mobile launcher of ICBMs))2 first leaves a production facility ((for mobile launchers of ICBMs))1; (((c)))1 (((d)(i)))2 a silo launcher of ICBMs, when ((excavation for that launcher has been completed and the pouring of concrete for the silo has been completed, or 12 months after the excavation begins, whichever occurs earlier))1 ((when the protective device is first installed and closed))2; (((d) for the purpose of counting a deployed ICBM and its associated launcher, a silo launcher of ICBMs shall be considered to contain a deployed ICBM when excavation for that launcher has been completed and the pouring of concrete for the silo has been completed, or 12 months after the excavation begins, whichever occurs earlier, and a mobile launcher of ICBMs shall be considered to contain a deployed ICBM when it arrives at a maintenance facility, or when it leaves an ICBM loading facility;))1 (((e)))1 (((b)))2 an SLBM, when ((it))1 ((an SLBM or the first stage of an SLBM that are (sic) maintained, stored, and transported in stages,))2 first leaves a production facility; (((f)))1 (((d)(iii)))2 an SLBM launcher, when the submarine on which that launcher is installed is first launched; (((g) for the purpose of counting a deployed SLBM and its associated launcher, an SLBM launcher shall be considered to contain a deployed SLBM when the submarine on which that launcher is installed is first launched;))1 (((h)))1 (((c)))2 a heavy bomber ((equipped for nuclear armaments,))1 when ((its))1 ((the))2 airframe ((of a heavy bomber))2 is first brought out of the shop, plant, or building in which ((components of such a heavy bomber are assembled to produce complete airframes;))1 ((the entire airframe is assembled from heavy bomber components))2 ((or when its airframe is first brought out of the shop, plant, or building in which existing bomber airframes are converted to such heavy bomber airframes))1. ((3. (Article IV) In those cases not provided for by the provisions of this Treaty, strategic offensive arms shall begin to be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty in accordance with procedures to be agreed by the Parties in the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))2 ((8. For the purposes of this Treaty: (a) Only the following types of ICBMs, SLBMs and heavy bombers shall be subject to the limitations of this Treaty: i. Existing types listed in paragraph 9 of this Article; ii. New types declared after the date of signature of this Treaty; and iii. Other types if deployed for nuclear weapons after the date of signature of this Treaty.))1 (((b)))1 ((4. (Article IV)))2 ((A ballistic missile of a type))1 ((Ballistic missiles that have been))2 developed and tested solely to intercept and counter objects not located on the surface of the Earth shall not be considered to be ((a))1 ballistic missile((s))2 to which the limitations provided for in this Treaty apply. ((Such missiles shall not be given the capabilities of ICBMS or SLBMs; these missiles and their launchers shall have verifiable differences from the existing types of ICBMs and SLBMs and their launchers.))2 ((The procedures for confirming the presence of the above-mentioned differences shall be subject to agreement by the Parties in the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))2 (((c) A new type of ballistic missile developed and tested solely for the delivery of non-nuclear armaments shall not be considered to be a ballistic missile to which the limitations provided for in this Treaty apply.))1 (((d) If a new type of ballistic missile has been flight-tested or deployed for nuclear weapon delivery, all ballistic missiles of that type shall be considered to be ballistic missiles to which the limitations provided for in this Treaty apply.))1 (((e) Within the same type, a heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments shall be distinguishable from a heavy bomber equipped for non-nuclear armaments.))1 (((f) Mobile launchers of ICBMs of each new type of ICBM shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of existing types of ICBMs and from mobile launchers of ICBMs of other new types of ICBMs. Such new launchers, with their associated missiles installed, shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of existing types of ICBMs with their associated missiles installed, and from mobile launchers of ICBMs of other new types of ICBMs with their associated missiles installed.))1 (((g) Mobile launchers of ICBMs converted into launchers of ICBMs of another type of ICBM shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of the previous type of ICBM. Such converted launchers, with their associated missiles installed, shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of the previous type of ICBM with their associated missiles installed. Conversion of mobile launchers of ICBMs shall be carried out in accordance with procedures to be agreed within the framework of the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))1 ((9.))1 ((1. (Article IV)))2 As of the date of signature of this Treaty: (a) Existing types of ICBMs ((and SLBMs))1 are: (i) for the United States of America, the types of ((missiles))1 ((ICBMs))2 designated by the United States of America as, and known to the Russian Federation as, Minuteman III((, and Trident II))1; (ii) for the Russian Federation, the types of ((missiles))1 ((ICBMs))2 designated by the Russian Federation as RS-12M, RS-18, and RS-20, which are known to the United States of America as SS-25, SS-19, and SS-18, ((respectively))2; (((b) Existing types of SLBMs are: (i) for the United States of America, the types of SLBMs designated by the United States of America and known to the Russian Federation as ;))2 (((ii) for the Russian Federation,))2 ((and))1 the types of ((missiles))1 ((SLBMs))2 designated by the Russian Federation as RSM-50, RSM-52, RSM-54, and RSM-56, which are known to the United States of America as SS-N-18, SS-N-20, SS-N-23, and RSM-56, respectively. (((b) Existing types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs are: (i) for the United States of America, N/A; (ii) for the Russian Federation, the types of missiles designated by the Russian Federation as (TBD)))1 (c) Existing types of ((deployed))1 heavy bombers are: (i) for the United States of America, the types of bombers designated by the United States of America as, and known to the Russian Federation as, B-52H, B-1B and B-2A; (ii) for the Russian Federation, the types of bombers designated by the Russian Federation as Tu-95MS and Tu-160, which are known to the United States of America as Bear H and Blackjack, respectively. (((d) Existing types of nuclear armaments for heavy bombers are: (i) for the United States of America, the types of nuclear armaments are nuclear bombs and the air launched cruise missile designated by the United States of America as, and known to the Russian Federation as, AGM-86B; (ii) for the Russian Federation, the types of nuclear armaments designated by the Russian Federation as (TBD).))1 Article IV ((1. For ICBMs and SLBMs: (a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of non-deployed ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than 80. (b) Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed ICBMs at a maintenance facility of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than two ICBMs of each type specified for that ICBM base. Non-deployed ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs located at a maintenance facility shall be stored separately from non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs located at that maintenance facility. (c) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of non-deployed ICBMs and SLBMs located at test ranges to no more than 15.))1 ((2. For ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers: (a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than 80. (b) Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs located at the maintenance facility of each ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than two such ICBM launchers of each type of ICBM specified for that ICBM base. (c) Non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs that contain training models of missiles shall not be located outside a training facility or a test range. (d) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of mobile test launchers at test ranges to no more than 10. Such test launchers shall be considered to be non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs. (e) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of mobile training launchers to no more than 10. ICBMs shall not be launched from training launchers. Mobile training launchers shall not be capable of launching ICBMs, and shall differ from mobile launchers of ICBMs and other road vehicles on the basis of differences that are observable by national technical means of verification.))1 ((3. Each Party shall limit the number of test heavy bombers to no more than 10.))1 ((1. (Article V) Each Party shall locate strategic offensive arms subject to this Treaty only at: ICBM bases, submarine bases, air bases, storage facilities, conversion or elimination facilities, repair facilities, training facilities, and test ranges.))2 ((4. With respect to locational and related restrictions on strategic offensive arms: (a) Each Party shall locate non-deployed ICBMs and non-deployed SLBMs only at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases; submarine bases; ICBM loading facilities; SLBM loading facilities; production facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; repair facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; storage facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; conversion or elimination facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; test ranges; or space launch facilities. Prototype ICBMs and prototype SLBMs, however, shall not be located at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases or at submarine bases. Non-deployed ICBMs and non-deployed SLBMs may also be in transit. Non-deployed ICBMs for silo launchers of ICBMs may also be transferred within an ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs. Non-deployed SLBMs that are located on missile tenders and storage cranes shall be considered to be located at the submarine base at which such missile tenders and storage cranes are specified as based. (b) Each Party shall locate non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs only at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs, production facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, repair facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, storage facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, ICBM loading facilities, training facilities for ICBMs, conversion or elimination facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, test ranges, or space launch facilities. Mobile launchers of prototype ICBMs, however, shall not be located at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs. Non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs may also be in transit.))1 (((c)))1 ((2. (Article V)))2 ((Each Party shall locate test launchers))1 ((Test launchers of ICBMs or SLBMs may be located))2 only at test ranges. ((The construction or conversion of such launchers at test ranges may be carried out only for purposes of testing and training. The number of such launchers shall not be increased above the requirements for testing and training purposes.))2 (((d) A deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its associated missile that relocates to a test range may, at the discretion of the testing Party, either continue to be counted toward the limit provided for in Article II of this Treaty, or be counted as a mobile test launcher. If a deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its associated missile that relocates to a test range continues to be counted toward the limit provided for in Article II of this Treaty, the period of time during which it continuously remains at a test range shall not exceed 45 days.))1 (((e)))1 ((3. (Article V)))2 ((Each Party shall locate silo training launchers only at ICBM bases for silo launchers of ICBMs and training facilities for ICBMs. The number of silo training launchers located at each ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs shall not exceed one for each type of ICBM specified for that ICBM base.))1 ((Training launchers of ICBMs or SLBMs may be located only at ICBM bases and test ranges. Mobile training launchers of ICBMs may, in addition, be located at storage facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs and at conversion or elimination facilities. The construction or conversion of such launchers may be carried out only for purposes of training. The number of such launchers shall not be increased above the requirements for training purposes.))2 (((f) Test heavy bombers shall be based only at heavy bomber flight test centers and at production facilities for heavy bombers. Training heavy bombers shall be based only at training facilities for heavy bombers.))1 ((6. (Article V) Heavy bombers equipped or converted for non-nuclear armaments shall be based separately from heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments.))2 ((5. Each Party shall limit the duration of each transit to no more than 30 days.))1 Article ((V))1 ((VI))2 ¶1. Except as prohibited by the provisions of this Treaty, modernization and replacement of strategic offensive arms may be carried out. ((2. In the event of the emergence in the future of a new kind of arm that one Party considers could be a new kind of strategic offensive arm, that Party shall have the right to raise the question of such an arm for consideration by the Bilateral Consultative Commission in accordance with subparagraph (c) of Article XIII of the Treaty.))1 ((2. Each Party undertakes not to deploy ICBMs or SLBMs in a non-nuclear configuration.))2 ((3. Each Party shall have the right to determine for itself the composition and structure of the strategic offensive arms within the limitations set forth in this Treaty.))1 ((4. Each Party undertakes not to locate deployed silo launchers of ICBMs outside ICBM bases for silo launchers of ICBMs.))1 ((5. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test from space launch facilities ICBMs or SLBMs equipped with reentry vehicles.))1 ((6. Each Party undertakes not to use ICBMs or SLBMs for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space for purposes inconsistent with existing international obligations undertaken by the Parties.))1 ((3. (Article VII) In fulfilling obligations under this Treaty, each Party shall have the right to use ICBMs and SLBMs for placing a payload, other than any kind of weapon, into space or the upper atmosphere.))2 ((7. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy systems for rapid reload and not to conduct rapid reload.))1 ((8. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy: (a) ballistic missiles with a range in excess of 600 kilometers, or launchers of such missiles, for installation on waterborne vehicles, including free-floating launchers, other than submarines. This obligation shall not require changes in current ballistic missile storage, transport, loading, or unloading practices; (b) launchers of ballistic or cruise missiles for emplacement on or for tethering to the ocean floor, the seabed, or the beds of internal waters and inland waters, or for emplacement in or for tethering to the subsoil thereof, or mobile launchers of such missiles that move only in contact with the ocean floor, the seabed, or the beds of internal waters and inland waters, or missiles for such launchers. This obligation shall apply to all areas of the ocean floor and the seabed, including the seabed zone referred to in Articles I and II of the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof of February 11, 1971; (c) systems, including missiles, for placing nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction into Earth orbit or a fraction of an Earth orbit; (d) air-to-surface ballistic missiles (ASBMs); (e) long-range nuclear ALCMs armed with two or more nuclear weapons.))1 ((9. The Parties do not exclude the possibility that the bans on ballistic missiles on waterborne vehicles other than submarines and on launchers of such missiles contained in subparagraph 8(a) above, and the ban on air-to-surface ballistic missiles contained in subparagraph 8(d) above, shall not apply to launches of ICBMs and SLBMs from waterborne vehicles other than submarines or from airplanes, other than heavy bombers, for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space. Should the Parties reach agreement concerning the possibility of using ICBMs and SLBMs for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space from waterborne vehicles other than submarines or from such airplanes, provisions concerning procedures for such launches shall be agreed within the framework of the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))1 ((10.))1 ((3.))2 Each Party undertakes not to ((: (a) flight-test with nuclear armaments an aircraft that is not an airplane, but that has a range of 8000 kilometers or more; equip such an aircraft for nuclear armaments; or deploy such an aircraft with nuclear armaments; (b) flight-test with nuclear armaments an airplane that was not initially constructed as a bomber, but that has a range of 8000 kilometers or more, or an integrated planform area in excess of 310 square meters; equip such an airplane for nuclear armaments; or deploy such an airplane with nuclear armaments; (c) flight-test with long-range nuclear ALCMs an aircraft that is not an airplane, or an airplane that was not initially constructed as a bomber; equip such an aircraft or such an airplane for long-range nuclear ALCMs; or deploy such an aircraft or such an airplane with long-range nuclear ALCMs.))1 ((convert heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments into heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments. Nuclear armaments shall not be stored at air bases of heavy bombers converted for non-nuclear armaments. The crews of such bombers shall not undergo training to carry out missions involving nuclear weapons.))2 ((11.))1 ((4.(Article V)))2 ((Each Party undertakes not to base strategic offensive arms subject to the limitations of this Treaty outside its national territory.))1 ((Strategic offensive arms subject to this Treaty shall not be based outside the national territory of each Party.))2 (((a) The obligations of this paragraph shall not affect the Parties' rights under generally recognized principles and rules of international law relating to the passage of submarines or flights of aircraft, or relating to visits of submarines to ports of third States.))1 (((b) With respect to heavy bombers, the provisions of this paragraph shall not preclude the temporary stationing of heavy bombers outside the territory of a Party for purposes not inconsistent with the Treaty. If a Party stations heavy bombers outside its national territory for a period in excess of 30 days at any one time, it shall so inform the other Party through diplomatic channels before the end of the 30-day period, except that, if a Prty has stationed more than 30 heavy bombers outide its national territory at any one time, it shall so inform the other Prty within 48 hours.))2 ((5. (Article V) In te event of temporary stationing of a heavy bombe outside the national territory in accordance wihsubparagraph 3 (b) of Article VIII, notificationshall be provided.))2 ((12. Each Party undertaes not to engage in any activities associated with strategic offensive arms at eliminated facilities, notification of the elimination of which has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol, unless notification of a new facility at the same location has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol. Strategic offensive arms and support equipment shall not be located at eliminated facilities except during their movement through such facilities and during visits of heavy bombers at such facilities. Missile tenders may be located at eliminated facilities only for purposes not associated with strategic offensive arms.))1 ((4. Each Party undertakes not to convert or use ICBM or SLBM launchers for placement of missile defense interceptors therein.))2 ((5. Each Party undertakes not to convert or use launchers of missile defense interceptors for placement of ICBMs and SLBMs therein.))2 ((6. Each Party undertakes not to locate heavy bombers with long-range nuclear ALCMs or other nuclear armaments outside the continental portion of national territory.))2 ((Article VI))1 ((1. Deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles shall be based only in restricted areas. A restricted area shall not exceed five square kilometers in size and shall not overlap another restricted area. No more than ten deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles may be based or located in a restricted area. A restricted area shall not contain deployed ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs of more than one type of ICBM. ¶2. Each Party shall limit the number of fixed structures for mobile launchers of ICBMs within each restricted area so that these structures shall not be capable of containing more mobile launchers of ICBMs than the number of mobile launchers of ICBMs specified for that restricted area. ¶3. Each restricted area shall be located within a deployment area. A deployment area shall not exceed 125,000 square kilometers in size and shall not overlap another deployment area. A deployment area shall contain no more than one ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs. ¶4. Deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles may leave restricted areas only for routine movements, or relocations. Deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles may leave deployment areas only for relocations. Prior to the departure of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles from restricted areas or deployment areas for purposes other than those specified in this paragraph, the Parties shall meet within the framework of the Bilateral Consultative Commission to agree upon any additional measures that may be necessary. ¶5. Relocations shall be completed within 25 days. No more than 15 percent of the total number of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles or five such launchers and their associated missiles, whichever is greater, may be outside restricted areas at any one time for the purpose of relocation.))1 Article VII ¶1. ((Conversion or))2 ((E))1 ((e))2 limination of strategic offensive arms((, fixed structures for mobile launchers of ICBMs,))1 and facilities ((where they are located))2 shall be carried out pursuant to this Article and in accordance with the procedures provided for in ((the Elimination Protocol))1 ((Section III of the Annex to this Treaty))2. ((Elimination shall be verified by national technical means of verification and by inspection as provided for in Articles IX and XI of this Treaty; in the Protocol on Procedures Governing the Elimination of the Items Subject to the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Elimination Protocol; and in the Protocol on Inspections, Exhibitions, and Continuous Monitoring Activities Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Inspection Protocol.))1 ((6. Verification of the Parties' implementation of procedures for conversion or elimination of strategic offensive arms and the facilities where they are located shall be carried out: (a) by using national technical means of verification; (b) by providing notifications; (c) by means of visits, which can be conducted by the inspecting Party, to the sites specified in paragraph 4 of this Article, upon completion of the conversion or elimination procedures.))2 ¶2. ((ICBM launchers, SLBM launchers, and deployed heavy bombers shall be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty until they have been eliminated, or otherwise cease to be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty, in accordance with procedures provided for in the Elimination Protocol, or as recorded within the framework of the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))1 ((Strategic offensive arms and the facilities where they are located shall be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty until such time as they are: (a) eliminated; (b) removed from accountability as a result of flight or static tests, accidental loss or disablement beyond repair, or transfer to a static display.))2 ((3. ICBMs for silo and mobile launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs shall be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty until they have been eliminated or otherwise cease to be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty, or as recorded within the framework of the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))1 ¶4. ((The elimination of mobile launchers of ICBMs, SLBM launchers, and deployed heavy bombers shall be carried out at elimination facilities, except as provided for in Sections VII and VIII of the Elimination Protocol or as recorded within the framework of the Bilateral Consultative Commission))1 ((Conversion or elimination of ICBMs, SLBMs, ICBM and SLBM launchers, and heavy bombers shall be carried out at conversion or elimination facilities, on site or at other stipulated sites. In this connection, the procedures employed shall ensure that they are rendered inoperable, precluding their use for their original purpose))2. ((5. Notifications of conversion or elimination of strategic offensive arms shall be provided in accordance with Subsection IV of Section IV of the Annex to this Treaty.))2 Article VIII ¶1. A data base pertaining to the obligations under this Treaty is set forth in ((the Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of the Data Base Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Memorandum of Understanding))1 ((Section II of the Annex to this Treaty))2 in which data with respect to items subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty are listed according to categories of data. ¶2. In order to ensure the fulfillment of their obligations with respect to this Treaty, ((and to provide transparency into activities related to its strategic offensive arms,))1 each Party shall notify the other Party of changes in data ((, as provided for in subparagraph (a) of paragraph 3 of this Article,))2 and shall also provide other ((required))1 notifications ((in accordance with the procedures provided for in the Notification Protocol and the Inspection Protocol))1 ((provided for in paragraph 3 of this Article in accordance with the procedure provided for in paragraphs 4, 5, and 6 of this Article and in Section IV of the Annex to this Treaty))2. ((3. Each Party shall provide notification to the other Party regarding: (a) data according to categories of data contained in Section II of the Annex to this Treaty, and other agreed categories of data with respect to items subject to the limitations of this Treaty, except for data pertaining to warheads, which shall be exchanged twice a year; (b) movement of items subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty between declared facilities. Any movement of items subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty between facilities shall be completed no later than 30 days after it began; (c) flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs; (d) conversion or elimination of items subject to the limitations of this Treaty, as well as elimination of facilities; (e) strategic offensive arms of new types; (f) the conduct of inspections, visits, and exhibitions.))2 ((4. Each Party may provide additional notifications on a voluntary basis, besides the notifications specified in paragraph 3 of this Article, if it deems this necessary to provide assurance of the fulfillment of the obligations undertaken under this Treaty.))2 ((5. In order to provide and receive notifications, unless otherwise provided for in this Treaty, each Party shall use the Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers established in accordance with the Agreement between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America on the Establishment of Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers of September 15, 1987.))2 ((6. If a time is to be specified in a notification provided pursuant to this Article, that time shall be expressed in Greenwich Mean Time. If only a date is to be specified in a notification, that date shall be specified as the 24-hour period that corresponds to the date in local time, expressed in Greenwich Mean Time.))2 ((7. Neither Party shall release to the public data specified in Section II of the Annex to this Treaty or the photographs appended to it, unless otherwise agreed.))2 ((Article IX))2 ((In order to ensure the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty, and to enhance confidence, openness, and predictability concerning the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms, each Party shall, on a voluntary basis, in those cases where it believes ambiguous situations might arise, take measures, including providing information in advance, inter alia through diplomatic channels, on activities being conducted with respect to strategic offensive arms, which are associated with their deployment or increasing readiness, so as to preclude the possibility of misinterpretation of its actions by the other Party.))2 Article ((IX))1 ((X))2 ¶1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty, each Party ((shall))1 ((undertakes))2 (((a) to))2 use national technical means of verification at its disposal in a manner consistent with the generally recognized principles of international law ((.))1 ((;))2 ((2. Each Party undertakes))1 (((b)))2 not to interfere with the national technical means of verification of the other Party operating in accordance with ((paragraph 1 of))1 this Article((.))1 ((;))2 ((3. Each Party undertakes))1 (((c)))2 not to use ((deliberate))2 concealment measures that impede verification ((, by national technical means of verification,))1 of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty. ((In this connection, the obligation not to use concealment measures includes the obligation not to use them at test ranges, including measures that result in the concealment of ICBMs, SLBMs, mobile launchers of ICBMs, or the association between ICBMs or SLBMs and their launchers during testing. The obligation not to use concealment measures shall not apply to cover or concealment practices at ICBM bases and deployment areas, or to the use of environmental shelters for strategic offensive arms.))1 ((4. To aid verification, each ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall have a unique identifier as provided for in the Inspection Protocol.))1 ((Article X))1 ((1. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test shall make on-board technical measurements and shall broadcast all telemetric information obtained from such measurements. The Party conducting the flight test shall determine which technical parameters are to be measured during such flight test, as well as the methods of processing and transmitting telemetric information. ¶2. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test undertakes not to engage in any activity that denies full access to telemetric information, including: (a) the use of encryption; (b) the use of jamming; (c) broadcasting telemetric information from an ICBM or SLBM using narrow directional beaming; and (d) encapsulation of telemetric information, including the use of ejectable capsules or recoverable reentry vehicles. ¶3. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test undertakes not to broadcast from a reentry vehicle telemetric information that pertains to the functioning of the stages or the self-contained dispensing mechanism of the ICBM or SLBM. ¶4. After each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test shall provide, in accordance with Section I of the Protocol on Telemetric Information Relating to the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Telemetry Protocol, recording media that contain a recording of all telemetric information that is broadcast during the flight test. ¶5. After each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test shall provide, in accordance with Section II of the Telemetry Protocol, data associated with the analysis of the telemetric information. ¶6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, each Party shall have the right to encapsulate and encrypt on-board technical measurements during no more than a total of seven flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs each year. Such encapsulation shall be carried out in accordance with Section I and paragraph 1 of Section III of the Telemetry Protocol, and such encryption shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section III of the Telemetry Protocol. Encapsulation and encryption that are carried out on the same flight test of an ICBM or SLBM shall count as two flight tests against the quotas specified in this paragraph. ¶7. Nothing in this Article shall apply to objects launched by ICBMs or SLBMs used to deliver objects into the upper atmosphere or space, after such objects either are in orbit or have achieved escape velocity.))1 Article XI ¶1. For the purpose of ensuring verification ((of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty,))1 ((or confirming data on compliance with the provisions of this Treaty,))2 each Party shall have the right to conduct inspections ((and continuous monitoring activities and shall conduct exhibitions pursuant to this Article and the Inspection Protocol))1 ((visits, and exhibitions))2. ((Inspections, continuous monitoring activities, and exhibitions shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures provided for in the Inspection Protocol and the Elimination Protocol.))1 ((Inspections, visits, and exhibitions shall be conducted (to be agreed upon) days after the entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter.))2 ((2.))1 ((8.))2 ((Each Party shall have the right to conduct data update inspections at facilities to confirm the accuracy of data on the numbers and types of items specified for such facilities in the notifications and regular exchanges of updated data provided in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol.))1 ((The purpose of visits is to confirm data on the number of non-deployed ICBMs, non-deployed SLBMs, and non-deployed heavy bombers, on the number of non-deployed launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs, data on new facilities provided during an exchange of information, and technical characteristics of strategic offensive arms provided during an exchange of information or demonstrated at exhibitions of new items of strategic offensive arms or in the course of confirming that items of strategic offensive arms have been converted for new kinds of strategic offensive arms.))2 ((Each Party shall have the right to conduct a total of no more than five such visits every year, with no more than one such visit each year to the same facility. Additional visits beyond the established number may be conducted at the invitation of the inspected Party. Visits shall be conducted at ICBM bases, bases of submarines equipped with SLBMs, and air bases, at storage facilities, repair facilities, conversion or elimination facilities, test ranges, and training facilities.))2 ((3.))1 ((7.))2 ((Each Party shall have the right to conduct nuclear warhead inspections of: (a) deployed ICBMs and SLBMs. The purpose of such inspections shall be to confirm that such an ICBM or SLBM contains the number of nuclear-armed reentry vehicles equal to the number of nuclear warheads declared for that ICBM or SLBM; (b) deployed heavy bombers. The purpose of such inspections shall be to confirm the number of deployed heavy bombers located at the inspected air base and that the number of nuclear armaments loaded on those deployed heavy bombers and in nuclear armaments weapons storage areas associated with air bases where deployed heavy bombers are based are equal to the number of deployed heavy bombers and nuclear warheads declared for that air base.))1 ((The purpose of inspections is to verify data on the number of deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers and the number of warheads on them, as well as the data on number of deployed launchers of ICBMs and deployed launchers of SLBMs. Each Party shall have the right to conduct a total of no more than five such inspections every year, with no more than one such inspection each year at the same facility. Inspections shall be conducted at ICBM bases, bases of submarines equipped with SLBMs, and air bases.))2 ((4. Each Party shall conduct or shall have the right to conduct elimination inspections to confirm the elimination of strategic offensive arms.))1 ((5. Each Party shall have the right to conduct formerly declared facility inspections to confirm that facilities, notification of the elimination of which has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol, are not being used for purposes inconsistent with this Treaty.))1 ((6.))1 ((9))2 ((If not previously conducted in conjunction with fulfilling the requirement of the START Treaty, each Party shall conduct technical characteristics exhibitions, and shall have the right during such exhibitions by the other Party to conduct inspections of an ICBM and an SLBM of each type, and each variant thereof, and of a mobile launcher of ICBMs and each version of such launcher for each type of ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party to confirm that technical characteristics correspond to the data specified for these items.))1 ((Each Party shall conduct exhibitions in order to confirm the technical characteristics and differences of new items of strategic offensive arms, and to confirm that procedures for converting items of strategic offensive arms for new kinds of strategic offensive arms have been completed.))2 ((7. If not previously conducted in conjunction with fulfilling the requirements of the START Treaty, each Party shall conduct distinguishability exhibitions for heavy bombers, and nuclear armaments for heavy bombers, and shall have the right during such exhibitions by the other Party to conduct inspections, of: (a) heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party to confirm that the technical characteristics of each type and each variant of such heavy bombers correspond to the data specified for these items in Annex G to the Memorandum of Understanding; (b) heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments but of the same type of heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to demonstrate to the inspecting Party that, for each exhibited type of heavy bomber, each variant of heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, and each variant of training heavy bombers, are distinguishable from one another and from each variant of heavy bombers of the same type equipped for nuclear armaments; and (c) nuclear armaments for heavy bombers. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party to confirm that the technical characteristics of such nuclear armaments correspond to the data specified for these items in Annex H to the Memorandum of Understanding.))1 ((8. Each Party shall have the right to conduct continuous monitoring activities at production facilities for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to confirm the number of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs produced.))1 ((2. The procedures for conducting inspections, visits, and exhibitions shall be governed by Section V of the Annex to this Treaty.))2 ((3. Each inspection team conducting an inspection or taking part in a visit or exhibition shall include the number of inspectors specified in Section V of the Annex to this Treaty.))2 ((4. In order to perform their functions effectively, for the purpose of implementing the Treaty and not for their personal benefit, inspectors and aircrew members shall be accorded the privileges and immunities specified in Section V of the Annex to this Treaty.))2 ((5. Each Party shall have the right to conduct no more than one inspection or one visit or take part in one exhibition in the territory of the inspected Party at any one time.))2 ((6. Inspectors shall not disclose information obtained during inspections, exhibitions, or visits, except with the express consent of the inspected Party. They shall remain bound by this obligation even after termination of their activities as inspectors.))2 ((Article XII))1 ((1. To enhance the effectiveness of national technical means of verification, each Party shall, if the other Party makes a request in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section V of the Notification Protocol, carry out the following cooperative measures: (a) a display in the open of the mobile launchers of ICBMs located within each restricted area of one ICBM base specified by the requesting Party with the exception of those mobile launchers of ICBMs involved in routine movement. For each specified ICBM base, the roofs of fixed structures for mobile launchers of ICBMs in all restricted areas at that base shall be open for the duration of a display. The mobile launchers of ICBMs located within the restricted areas shall be displayed either located next to or moved halfway out of such fixed structures. Those mobile launchers of ICBMs at the base specified by the requesting Party that will not be displayed due to routine movement shall be specified by the requested Party in a notification provided in accordance with paragraph XX of Section V of the Notification Protocol. Such a notification shall be provided no later than 12 hours after the request for display has been made; (b) a display in the open of all deployed heavy bombers located within one air base specified by the requesting Party, except those heavy bombers that are not readily movable due to maintenance or operations. Such heavy bombers shall be displayed by removing the entire airplane from its fixed structure, if any, and locating the airplane within the air base. Those deployed heavy bombers at the air base specified by the requesting Party that are not readily movable due to maintenance or operations shall be specified by the requested Party in a notification provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section V of the Notification Protocol. Such a notification shall be provided no later than 12 hours after the request for display has been made. ¶2. Mobile launchers of ICBMs and deployed heavy bombers subject to each request pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article shall be displayed in open view without using concealment measures. Each Party shall have the right to make five such requests each year, but shall not request a display at any particular ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs, or any particular air base more than one time each year. A Party shall have the right to request, in any single request, only a display of mobile launchers of ICBMs, or a display of deployed heavy bombers. A display shall begin no later than 12 hours after the request is made and shall continue until 18 hours have elapsed from the time that the request was made. If the requested Party cannot conduct a display due to circumstances brought about by force majeure, it shall provide notification to the requesting Party in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section V of the Notification Protocol, and the display shall be cancelled. In such a case, the number of requests to which the requesting Party is entitled shall not be reduced. ¶3. A request for cooperative measures shall not be made for a facility that has been designated for inspection until such an inspection has been completed and the inspectors have departed the facility. A facility for which cooperative measures have been requested shall not be designated for inspection until the cooperative measures have been completed or until notification has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section V of the Notification Protocol.))1 Article ((XIII))1 ((XII))2 To promote the objectives and implementation of the provisions of this Treaty, the Parties hereby establish the Bilateral Consultative Commission((, procedures for the operation of which are set forth in Section VI of the Annex to this Treaty))2. The Parties agree that, if either Party so requests, they shall ((meet within the framework of))1 ((hold session of))2 the Bilateral Consultative Commission to: (a) resolve questions relating to compliance with the obligations assumed; (b) agree upon such additional measures as may be necessary to improve the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty; and (c) resolve questions related to the application of ((relevant))1 ((the))2 provisions of this Treaty to a new kind of strategic offensive arm((, after notification has been provided in accordance with paragraph 16 of Section VII of the Notification Protocol))1. Article ((XIV))1 ((XIII))2 To ensure the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty, ((each Party shall not assume any international obligations or undertakings that would conflict with its provisions and the Parties agree not to transfer strategic offensive arms subject to the limitations of the Treaty to third States))1 ((each Party shall not assume any international obligations or undertakings that would conflict with its provisions. The Parties shall not transfer strategic offensive arms subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty to third parties))2. The Parties shall hold consultations in accordance with Article ((XIII))1 ((XII))2 of this Treaty in order to resolve any ambiguities that may arise in this regard. The Parties agree that this provision does not apply to any patterns of cooperation, including obligations, in the area of strategic offensive arms, existing at the time of signature of this Treaty, between a Party and a third State. ((Article XV))1 ((XIV))2 ¶1. This Treaty, including its Annex((es, Protocols, and Memorandum of Understanding, all of which form))1 ((,which is an))2 integral part((s))1 thereof, shall be subject to ratification in accordance with the constitutional procedures of each Party. This Treaty shall enter into force on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification. ¶2. This Treaty shall remain in force for 10 years unless superseded earlier by a subsequent agreement on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms. ((No later than one year before the expiration of the Treaty, the Parties shall jointly consider extending this Treaty for a period of no more than five years unless it is superseded before the expiration of that period by a subsequent agreement on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.))1 ¶3. Each Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right to ((withdraw from))1 ((terminate))2 this Treaty if ((it decides that extraordinary events related to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its))1 ((, in its view, further compliance with the Treaty will jeopardize the Party's))2 supreme interests ((, including in the event of a quantitative and qualitative buildup in the capabilities of strategic missile defense systems))2. ((It shall give notice of its decision to the other Party six months prior to withdrawal from this Treaty. Such notice shall include a statement of))1 ((4.))2 ((A Party that has decided to terminate this Treaty shall inform the other Party of its decision through diplomatic channels at least three months prior to termination of this Treaty, specifying))2 the extraordinary events ((the notifying Party))1 ((that it))2 regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests. ((4.))1 ((5.))2 As of the date of its entry into force, this Treaty shall supersede the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the United States of America on Strategic Offensive Reductions of May 24, 2002, which shall terminate as of that date. ((Article XVI))1 ((XIV))2 ¶1. Each Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. Agreed amendments shall enter into force in accordance with the procedures governing entry into force of this Treaty. ((2. The Parties agree that, if it becomes necessary to make changes in the provisions of the Annex to this Treaty that do not affect substantive rights and obligations of the Parties under the Treaty, they shall use the Bilateral Consultative Commission to reach agreement on such changes, without resorting to the procedure for making amendments that is set forth in paragraph 3 of this Article.))2 ((Article XVII))1 ((XV))2 This Treaty shall be registered pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. Done at (location and date),in two copies, each in the English and Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic. FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: (( ))1 Proposed by the United States (( ))2 Proposed by the Russian Federation End Text. ¶4. (U) Gottemoeller sends. RICHTER