RRT ERBIL: KURDISTAN PARLIAMENT RATIFIES ELECTIONS LAW A

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 BAGHDAD 000873 SIPDIS SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: PGOV KDEM IZ SUBJECT: RRT ERBIL: KURDISTAN PARLIAMENT RATIFIES ELECTIONS LAW A SECOND TIME REF: Baghdad 642 Baghdad 476 This is an Erbil Regional Reconstruction Team (RRT) cable. ¶1. (U) SUMMARY. On March 25, the Kurdistan Regional Parliament ratified the Kurdistan election law for the second time. The bill is expected to be signed into law shortly with no challenges. IHEC will continue to be the election supervision authority, and irregularities will be decided by a council of judges selected by the Kurdistan Judicial Council. A suggestion to move elections to an open list system was only supported by 14 members of parliament, and the KDP and PUK will run in one combined list. An election date has not yet been selected, but elections will take place sometime between April 4 and August 4. END SUMMARY. ¶2. (U) The Kurdistan Regional Parliament, led by both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, opened a regular session at 11:00 a.m. on March 25 to discuss the election law for the second time this year. Discussion centered on recommended changes suggested by KR President Masoud Barzani, who originally returned the bill to Parliament on February 22 with modifications of the first version, which was ratified on February 11. (Ref A) With only one exception, all requested changes were accepted, and the bill passed in the March 25th session. A follow up session is set for March 30, 2009 at 11:00 am. President Barzani is expected to attend and address the KNA on issues which include the Kurdistan Regional Election Office (KREO,) and other electoral process issues. ¶3. (U) The one presidential request which was overruled was the designation of the body responsible for election supervision. President Barzani had asked for KR elections to be placed under the total control of the KREO. According to PUK media's website, Speaker Adnan Mufti stated during the session that the Kurdistan Region does not currently have a body as capable as IHEC, and that it would be too difficult to energize the KREO sufficiently to competently carry out elections on time. (Comment: This is true. RRTOff confirms that the KREO lacks sufficient managerial expertise, staff and experience to successful conduct a region-wide election.) According to the newly-passed law, IHEC will supervise this round of parliamentary elections, but on the condition that future elections in the region will be run by the KREO. Speaker Mufti stated that the KR will create a new entity called the Kurdistan Regional Elections Commission, which will become Kurdistan's election supervision authority and bypassing IHEC involvement in future elections. (Note: Some RRT contacts have complained that a KREC is unnecessary. They say that the KRG is already paying for the IHEC in the sovereign expenses portion of its budget that is automatically deducted in Baghdad. They do not believe that it makes sense for the KRG to pay twice for electoral monitoring services.) ¶4. (U) Once the law had been approved, Speaker Mufti also announced that IHEC should consider the law "as passed," and should immediately begin working on preparations for elections. However, the bill must still go to the President's office for signature to be signed into law. The President should then officially call for elections. According to the new law, elections must occur in the 60 day window either before or after the expiration of the current Parliament, which is on June 4, 2009. This provision effectively forces an election to occur any time between April 4 to August 4 this year. But realistically, the election date will also be a function of IHEC's capability to quickly prepare for the KR Qfunction of IHEC's capability to quickly prepare for the KR election, and to release the IHEC budgetary allocation of $50 million from the GOI. According to Erbil General Election Officer Handreen Salih, IHEC has been expecting these elections for some time, and he believes in theory that they could still make the originally declared target date of May 19th. (Note: IHEC's stated policy is to require a 90-day window following a call for elections to adequately plan and execute any election. ) ¶5. (U) A KIU-affiliated parliamentarian, Tavga Muhamad, told KNN TV "The Kurdistan Parliament (KP) should have passed the election law one year ago, but the political parties wanted to postpone it." Tayga also said that KP members could not freely express themselves, and had little authority to force the KDP and PUK to go ahead with the election. Closed Lists again in 2009 - - - - - - - - - -------------- ¶6. (SBU) During the second portion of the parliamentary session, ten members submitted a proposal to move the elections to an open list system. The members involved in the proposal were three members of the PUK, Othman Banimarani, Gelas Muhialdin Muhamad, and Sara Faqe Khidir; two members from the KIG, Hasan Babakr and Abdulrahman Ahmad; and 5 members of the KIU, Tavga Muhamad, Sabria Ghafar, Othman Ahmad, Khalil Ibrahim and Anwar Muhammad, according to Anwar Muhammad of the KIU. KDP-affiliated Peyamner news organization reported that following briefs from the group, Legal Committee staff members refused the suggestion on the grounds that BAGHDAD 00000873 002 OF 002 an open list system would adversely affect the KDP/PUK strategic agreement. The measure was called to a vote, and only 14 members of parliament voted for open lists. The 14 members included the 10 mentioned above, plus an additional four KIU members, Hiwa Mirza Sabir, Muhamad Faraj, Fadila Ramadan, and Hama Rashid Mawaty. 63 members voted to retain the election in a closed list system. At present, the KDP/PUK alliance will present itself in one unified list, leaving voters limited opportunities to vote against the ruling powers. ¶7. (U) Kurdish laws are first drafted in Arabic, and then translated into Kurdish. The Arabic word used to describe a category, party or group, "fi'a," has been changed to "kian siasi," which is more closely related to the term "political entity." This is an identical term to the one used in the GOI's COR system. This change permits political parties and independent groupings, such as Nawshirwan Mustafa (Ref B) to run on an independent list. A list need only consist of a minimum of three people, of which one must be a woman. ¶8. (U) Other provisions of the new law which will take effect include the procedure to submit complaints and irregularities. The Kurdistan Judicial Council will create a committee consisting of several judges to investigate any claims, according to Peyamner News Agency, and this committee will have final authority to resolve any disputes. ¶9. (U) The new election bill includes the provision that all citizens in Iraq who are also legal residents of the KR may vote in the election, which includes legal residents of the region living outside of Iraq. Residency is defined as having a national identity card that shows the voter is registered to one of the three KR provinces. ¶10. (U) Service workers, such as Ministry of Interior forces, Peshmerga, police and hospital workers will be given a special voting day 48 hours before the election, according to a report from Hawler newspaper. Prisoners who have been convicted and sentenced for less than five years also have the right to vote. ¶11. (U) It is still unlikely that a constitutional referendum will be included with parliamentary elections. According to Arez Abdullah, a PUK-affilated member of parliament, "it is not obvious that the Kurdistan Parliament will pass the draft, or when this will happen." However, RRT contacts assert that the draft is indeed ready for discussion - it just needs to be scheduled for a hearing in parliament. Public hearings on the draft constitution, to be held by the legal Committee, are also being discussed ¶12. (U) Comment: While it is encouraging to see movement forward on holding elections in the Kurdistan Region, it is less encouraging to see the form these pre-election processes are taking. Closed lists, a unified list for the two ruling parties and a strategic power-sharing agreement, negotiated in advance of any election results, effectively undermine progress toward greater civic participation and democracy in the Kurdistan Region. End comment. Butenis