CENTRAL BANK OF IRAQ MONETARY POLICY AND

C O N F I D E N T I A L BAGHDAD 000508 SIPDIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/25/2019 TAGS: BEXP ECON EFIN IZ SUBJECT: CENTRAL BANK OF IRAQ MONETARY POLICY AND INDEPENDENCE ISSUES Classified By: Acting Economic Minister Counselor Michael Dodman for re asons 1.4 (b) and (d). ¶1. (C) Summary: The Central Bank of Iraq's (CBI's) moves to ease monetary policy, in light of the global economic slowdown, should dampen commodity prices and inflation. While the CBI still believes high interest rates have not impeded serious bank lending, their new policy stance will challenge banks to generate returns from lending and other fees rather than parking funds in CBI deposit facilities. The CBI policy moves, which will take effect in March, also make room for activation of a more robust Treasury-bill market which would assist the Ministry of Finance (MoF) to smooth revenues, the CBI to conduct monetary policy, and the market to determine the real cost of funds. However, the CBI has resisted MoF efforts to borrow in USD to fund payments for previously approved capital procurements, arguing that the MoF has sufficient funds to make the payment and that borrowing from the CBI in dollars is just another way to pursue already declining CBI foreign exchange reserves. The Central Bank Governor reportedly is seeking to make his case to the Prime Minister in a one-on-one meeting. End summary. Monetary Policy -------------- ¶2. (SBU) The February 16 CBI decision to lower the policy rate in March from 14 percent to 11 percent follows the decline in core inflation from 11.75 percent in December to 9.25 percent in January. Lower prices in Iraq reflect lower world commodity prices, according to a senior CBI official. Another senior CBI official told us that the CBI expects the global economic downturn will have a negative impact on the Iraqi economy, so the adjustment in monetary policy is a shift to a more accommodating position. ¶3. (SBU) Senior CBI officials also noted that the change in monetary policy stance was not driven by complaints about high interest rates. A senior CBI official claims that high security risks and structural factors have impeded investment, not high interest rates. ¶4. (SBU) Consistent with its view that Iraq will not escape the economic consequences of the global slowdown, the CBI announced other adjustments in its policies: - The reserve requirement will decline to 25 percent for all bank deposits (current rates are 35 percent for commercial banks and 75 percent for state banks); 
 - Two of the CBI's three deposit windows will be closed and one will remain open for one-week deposits at 9 percent. Banks can deposit funds in this window that are in excess of their 25 percent reserve requirement (state banks will not be allowed to deposit any funds from GoI accounts into the CBI deposit facility); and - The CBI will announce that it will stop issuing its own short-term bills. These moves are intended to encourage banks, or those institutions that aspire to be banks, to earn money by lending in the market place rather than parking funds at the CBI. The CBI's deposit facilities have supported the banking industry in the past by paying relatively high rates of interests on large deposits. The change of monetary policy is a signal, according to a senior CBI official, that bankers need to become bankers. One senior CBI official asserted that some lending should pick up, but didn't seem to display much confidence in that assertion. All of these policy changes (policy rate, reserve requirements, CBI window, and auctions) will take effect in March. Financing -------------- ¶5. (C) The Finance Ministry is currently seeking USD 1.4 billion in additional funding to meet contract obligations to Qbillion in additional funding to meet contract obligations to GE for a large procurement of power generation equipment finalized late last year. The MoF approached the CBI to provide financial assistance. One senior CBI official noted that the MoF has sufficient resources to cover this payment, pointing out that, according to their estimates the MoF has IQD 14-15 trillion IQD (USD 12-13 billion) in GoI accounts in the banking system and another IQD 5 trillion (USD 4 billion) or so in the accounts of state agencies. ¶6. (C) A senior MoF official confirmed separately that the MoF does have the necessary resources to finance this year's planned expenses, but with oil prices remaining low the size of the deficit is likely to increase. In January, government revenues were USD 1 billion below budget expectations. The MoF is increasingly looking ahead to the FY 2010 budget, and is concerned about drawing down accumulated fiscal surpluses too quickly this year. The MoF official noted that the GoI will need to explore other financing mechanisms for 2010. ¶7. (C) According to two senior CBI officials, one MoF proposal to finance the GE deal is the issuance of a USD denominated note of unclear maturity. Rafidian and Rasheed, two state-owned banks, would purchase this note. Within a few days, the CBI would be "required" to discount the note. The MoF calls this activation of the T-bill market; the CBI views this as a roundabout way to draw upon the CBI's foreign exchange reserves and has rejected this proposal. One CBI official said he might be more sympathetic if the note were issued in IQD, but also asserted that the CBI would probably discount the note only if it would be consistent with their monetary policy objectives. The two CBI officials said they "do not want to be ordered" to undertake actions that would be inconsistent with their legal mandate to secure price stability and the prohibition of lending either directly or indirectly to the government (Note: Articles 3 and 26 of the CBI law, respectively. End note.). The MoF has explored and continues to explore other options, such as borrowing from the Trade Bank of Iraq (TBI) if the TBI could get credit from some of its consortium members. A CBI official suggested that the Ministry of Electricity request a delay in the due date for the payment and a longer payment term. (Note: On February 24 the Prime Minister's Office announced the formation of a committee, to include the ministers of finance, electricity and planning as well as the head of the CBI, to review options for financing the procurement of power generation equipment from both GE and Siemens. The GOI statement noted that the issuance of treasury bonds was one option to be considered, but also referred to the possibility of "improving the terms of the deals.") ¶8. (C) As the reality of declining oil revenues has become more apparent, MoF and CBI have held several meetings on funding issues, including a joint meeting with the PM. No solution has been found yet, but the CBI is holding to its position and independence. Nevertheless, the Finance Minister, who takes the view that the CBI is not independent from the government, has warned CBI Governor Shabibi that the PM might order the CBI "to go along." A senior MoF official says that he hopes this does not happen because he wants the CBI to remain independent. A senior CBI official reports that the CBI Governor is seeking a one-on-one audience with the PM to make his case. BUTENIS