PAKISTAN'S FISCAL DEFICIT PUTTING ECONOMIC STABILITY AT

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 ISLAMABAD 001532 SIPDIS SENSITIVE SIPDIS E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: ENRG ECON PREL PK SUBJECT: PAKISTAN'S FISCAL DEFICIT PUTTING ECONOMIC STABILITY AT RISK Ref: 2007 Islamabad 5256 Summary -------------- ¶1. (U) Summary: Pakistan's Finance Minister Ishaq Dar gave the Cabinet the bad news on Pakistan's economy, followed by a press conference where he made very clear his plans for government austerity. During the press conference, he accused the Shaukat Aziz government of fudging figures and mismanaging the economy. Dar said that the new government will have to take stringent measures in the next 75 days, including increases in oil prices and imposition of new taxes to put the economy on the right track. He highlighted Pakistan's USD 8.3 billion in budget overruns, which will cause the fiscal deficit to significantly exceed its target. Dar hinted that he would seek USD 2.5 billion in economic assistance to bridge the current account deficit, which will also surpass its target significantly. End summary. Budget overruns total USD 8.3 billion -------------- ¶2. (SBU) Dar has spent his first weeks in office assessing the gravity of the Pakistan's economic problems. According to Dar, budget overruns total USD 8.3 billion (Rs 522 billion),which the government needs to find a way to finance by June 30 to contain the fiscal deficit at six percent of GDP in the current fiscal year versus four percent target. (Comment: In comparison, total budget expenditures for the 06-07 fiscal year totaled USD 23.41 billion. End comment.) Dar said that if the government does not contain spending, the fiscal deficit could rise to the unsustainable level of 9.5 percent of GDP. Energy, military, wheat expenditures over budget -------------- --- ¶3. (SBU) Major contributors to the off-budget expenditures are petroleum product subsidies (USD 2.2 billion),non-payments to Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) for electricity (USD 1.2 billion),and defense expenditures overruns (USD 1.2 billion). Dar highlighted that the previous government did not make budget allocations for these expenditures. In addition, the outgoing economic team overestimated wheat production and permitted wheat exportations at USD 200 per ton, less than half the then world price. As a result, the GOP was then forced to import wheat at USD 470 per ton to meet the large shortages (reftel). This misstep cost the government USD 720 million (Rs 45 billion),which was not 
budgeted. Dar conceded that the Public Sector Development Program had to be cut to allow the government to handle growing financial difficulties. (Comment: Dar's accounting still leaves USD 2.0 billion in unspecified expenditures. End comment.) ¶4. (U) Dar hinted that the government will seek foreign aid to pull through until the end of the fiscal year on June 30. The government plans to request USD 2.5 billion to increase foreign exchange reserves to USD 15 billion from the current USD 13.5 billion. Dar added that the new government has already received USD 300 million in free oil from Saudi Arabia to finance the fiscal deficit. He also promised that the government will not borrow from the banking sector to meet its expenditures. Revising economic projections downward -------------- ¶5. (SBU) Dar said that the economic situation is so alarming that the government had revised downwards all its macroeconomic targets. The GDP growth rate target has been revised downwards from 7.2 percent to 6 percent. (Comment: We believe that Dar is overly optimistic. Financial analysts and the IFIs were looking at growth rates of 5-5.5 percent prior to Dar's stocktaking of the current fiscal situation. End comment.) The fiscal deficit target has been revised upwards from 4 percent to over 6 percent of GDP. The tax revenue target has been lowered from USD 16.4 billion (Rs 1025 billion) to USD 15.84 billion (Rs 990 billion). The inflation rate target has been raised from 6.5 percent to 10 percent, and current ISLAMABAD 00001532 002 OF 003 account deficit target increased from 5.5 percent to 10 percent of GDP. ¶6. (SBU) Dar added that the growth in money supply (M2) is fuelling inflationary pressures. The money supply is projected to grow by 19 percent, causing overall inflation to rise by 10 percent and food inflation by 14 percent. The country's bond spread is likely to reach 600 basis points by June 30, 2008 versus the projected 200 basis points, due to political and economic uncertainty. (Comment: Currently the spread is 549 basis points over LIBOR (London Inter-Bank Offering Rates) End Comment.). Defense expenditure projections have been revised upward from USD 4.4 billion (Rs 275 billion) to USD 5.6 billion (Rs 350 billion) for the fiscal year 2007-08 as compared to USD 4.04 billion (Rs 252.6 billion) in 2006-07. ¶7. (SBU) The agriculture growth target has been revised to 3.8 percent from 4.8 percent, whereas the large scale manufacturing sector growth rate target is lowered to 7.5 percent versus the original target of 10.5 percent. The figures released April 9 by the Federal Bureau of Statistics, show that the large scale manufacturing (LSM) registered dismal growth of 5.29 percent during July-January 2007-08 compared to the same period last year. (Comment: It would be difficult for the new government to achieve even the revised target of 7.5 percent due to current energy shortages and high input costs. End comment.) Government debt at unprecedented levels -------------- ¶8. (SBU) Distancing the new government from its inheritance, Dar highlighted that government debt has reached unprecedented levels in the last eight years. It rose only to Rs 2946 (USD 47.13 billion) billion from 1947 to 1999, but will climb to USD 91.12 billion (Rs 5695 billion) by June 2008, showing an increase of USD 43.98 billion (Rs 2749 billion) in the last eight years. "Those who claim to have broken the begging bowl have actually enlarged it," Dar observed. He said external debt has climbed to USD 42.5 billion from USD 37.5 billion in 1999 despite significant inflows. He commented Pakistan's credit rating may be downgraded because of its fiscal problems. ¶9. (U) Dar promised that this information will be presented to the parliament, the National Assembly Standing Committee on Finance and the Public Accounts Committee for scrutiny. Shaukat Aziz and his entire team will be asked to explain and answer the questions about these figures. No specifics on economic strategy -------------- ¶10. (U) The new government's economic strategy will the focus on dealing with energy crisis by increasing generation capacity and conserving energy, arresting the spiraling inflation, promoting growth in the agriculture and the manufacturing sectors and increasing spending on pro-poor programs and targeted social protection programs, according to Dar. (Comment: We have yet to see specifics on these programs. End comment.) Comment -------------- ¶11. (SBU) Comment: President Musharraf leveled similar allegations of economic mismanagement when he assumed power in 1999. However, the new government is faced with real challenges of large fiscal and current account deficits, domestic energy shortfalls, surging inflation, decreased revenues and a large monetary overhang due to record borrowings from the central bank. The GOP has few vehicles for financing this deficit, with Central Bank financing at record levels, bond spreads too high to make an international bond issue a possibility, and neglible privatization receipts. These economic problems, however, are also due to exogenous factors such as the sharp rise in international commodity prices, and not just to missteps of the previous government of not passing on rising international costs directly to consumers. ISLAMABAD 00001532 003 OF 003 ¶12. (SBU) Comment continued: The new Finance Minister has only listed the problems without specifics on their resolution, beyond asking for international assistance. The good news is, that with its back against the financial wall, the new government may be poised to take unpopular measures including passing on oil price hikes to consumers and imposing new taxes in the coming budget. Dar has told us (septel) that the military will have to reduce its procurement, suggesting that the Ministry and Parliament are going to exercise much tighter oversight of the military budget. We will continue to watch the growth numbers carefully, particularly if the government does continue to phase out fuel and power subsidies. End comment. Patterson