GUINEA 2007 TIP REPORT

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 16 CONAKRY 000267

SIPDIS

SIPDIS

SENSITIVE

FOR G/TIP ? Veronica Zeitlin
ALSO FOR G, INL, DRL, PRM, AF/RSA, AF/W
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SUBJECT: GUINEA 2007 TIP REPORT

REF: 06 STATE 202745


1. (SBU) SUMMARY. Over the past year, the Government of
Guinea has made concentrated efforts to address trafficking
in persons. Most importantly, it has successfully
investigated and prosecuted a trafficking case, sentencing
the perpetrator to time in prison. The judicial sector is
plagued by endemic corruption and lack of institutional
capacity. Trafficking, like other crimes, is punished
unevenly. This first conviction sends a strong signal that
impunity for traffickers is unacceptable. There has been
continued progress in raising awareness on trafficking,
significant cooperation with neighboring countries, and
solid collaboration with civil society to implement the
national action plan. The Guinean armed forces initiated
an action plan to combat trafficking and continue training
officers and soldiers on related issues. In balance, the
Government of Guinea has demonstrated the political will
and concrete actions to address trafficking in persons.
The following sections are keyed to the criteria in reftel
paragraphs 27-30. End Summary.

--------------
OVERVIEW OF GUINEA'S ACTIVITIES TO ELIMINATE
TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
--------------

A) Guinea is a country of origin, transit, and destination
country for men, women, and children trafficked for sexual
exploitation and domestic and commercial labor. The
Guinean government does not have reliable statistics on the
exact numbers in each group. Estimates run in the
hundreds. The most recent report on trafficking in Guinea,
completed by Stat-View for UNICEF in August of 2003,
indicated that the majority of child trafficking was
internal to Guinea. The report concluded that trafficking
in Guinea is "marginal in magnitude according to the
international definition".

-- The primary sources of information on trafficking in
persons are the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in
Persons and the national and international NGOs that work
in collaboration with this committee. Statistics are
unreliable because there are no established mechanisms to
collect the necessary data to regularly update them.
Studies have so far been dependent on international
funding, but the government plans to undertake more
thorough documentation of trafficking. The Ministry of
Justice initiated a project with the International
Organization for Migration (IOM) to synthesize past and
present reports to develop a more robust system to
centralize and track this information.

-- The Guinean government initiated a comprehensive study
with a focus on the issue of trafficking, working with the
International Labor Organization (ILO) via the
International Program for the Elimination of Child Labor
(IPEC) to undertake an exhaustive analysis of child labor
in Guinea. The research project is nearing completion and
has collected data on the numbers of children who work in
the mining sector, as street vendors, as domestics, and who
are associated with drug or arms sales. Since the number
of Koranic schools is growing, the study also examines how
children are treated in these institutions, since some
schools are reported to exploit students as workers.
Results have not yet been released.

-- Guinean children are internally trafficked to Conakry,
mainly from the impoverished rural areas of Upper and
Middle Guinea. The problem exists across all ethnic

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groups, partly as a result of the country's economic
crisis. Families employ girls as domestics, and boys work
as shoe shiners and street vendors. Traffickers place boys
from Guinea's rural regions in Koranic schools, where they
work for the schoolmasters and may be forced to beg for
their meals. Some children work as agricultural laborers
on plantations or in artisanal gold and diamond mining
operations. Like last year, children are not being
recruited from refugee camps to participate in armed
regional conflicts. The ICRC reported that trafficking of
children was a problem among repatriates from Sierra Leone
and Liberia, some of whom hoped to gain advantage from
reunification projects intended to reconstitute families
separated through war.

B) There has been no significant change in the trafficking
situation in Guinea since the last report. The Government
of Guinea has steadily continued its efforts, demonstrating
the political will to address trafficking in persons
issues. It made marked progress in the area of
prosecution, a key aspect that had been previously
identified as a problem. The government continued to make
progress in other areas initiated in its successful effort
to be removed from the "Special Watch List" in 2006. There
has been considerable progress in raising awareness on
trafficking, continued cooperation with neighboring
countries based on recent bilateral and multilateral
accords, and solid collaboration with civil society to
implement the national action plan. The National Committee
to Combat Trafficking in Persons, bringing together
government, NGO, and IO partners, continued to operate.

-- To further strengthen efforts in the sub-region, the
National Committee hosted a July 24 workshop with Economic
Community of West African States (ECOWAS) representatives
to evaluate the conformity of the country?s action plan
with ECOWAS standards and common guidelines. The Committee
concluded that Guinea is in compliance with ECOWAS
standards and has made significant progress in prevention
and awareness. Through attendance at regional conferences,
committee representatives continue to develop specific
terms of reference with its neighbors to collect reliable
data on human trafficking. The Government of Guinea has
encouraged its partner NGOs to collaborate with regional
NGOs to develop and strengthen networks and systems to
support its efforts.

-- Successful government partnerships have ensured that
populations in all regions of Guinea are becoming more
knowledgeable about trafficking and the resources available
to combat the problem. While Guinea has demonstrated
concrete efforts during the year, prosecution of
traffickers remains an area where progress remains slow due
to fundamentally weak judicial system with limited capacity
to prosecute any crimes. There is a chronic lack of
resources to identify and investigate traffickers, although
for the first time, there are several cases in the system
with active investigations where suspected perpetrators are
charged with trafficking crimes. There is a paucity of
resources available for victim protection and the
government relies almost entirely on its NGO and IO
partners to provide these services.

-- Guinea is a source country for women and girls
trafficked to Cote d'Ivoire, Benin, Senegal, Nigeria, South
Africa, Spain, and Greece, for domestic servitude and
sexual exploitation. Traffickers occasionally use Guinean
men for agricultural labor. The majority of trafficking in
girls destined for Guinea originates in the sub-region in
Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, and Burkina Faso, with smaller

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numbers coming from Liberia, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau.
The vast majority of trafficked victims leave indigent
homes hoping for better economic opportunities elsewhere.
Their families are approached by friends, other family
members, influential members of their communities, or
persons of greater economic means with promises for a
better life. In exchange for money and promises of future
payments, the victims are sold or given by their families
to traffickers who have gained their trust or admiration.
Cases of abduction are rare, but exist.

-- There is a growing number of third country nationals
destined for Guinea. Many of these victims are women and
girls from China brought to Guinea for sexual exploitation
for an increasing population of Chinese businessmen and
workers on large infrastructure projects. Organized
trafficking networks from Nigeria, China, India, and Greece
use Guinea as a transit point. Traffickers take advantage
of the fact that Guineans do not need a visa for entry into
some North African countries and that Guinean documents are
easy to obtain. False documents are commonly used to move
the victims. The female victims are transported through
the Maghreb countries to Europe, notably Italy, Ukraine,
Switzerland and France. A network of Indian operators also
exists which transports young adult men from India and
Pakistan through Nigeria and Senegal to Guinea where they
are housed before being transported for labor in European
countries, although this latter practice probably falls
within illegal migration.

C) The Guinean government is severely limited in its
ability to address trafficking in persons. The economy is
in deep crisis, a situation that led to a nationwide
grassroots movement to protest dire political and economic
conditions and leaders who failed to perform. Over the
last year, Guinea has grappled with the violence and
crippling effects of three general strikes, a state of
siege, and related killings and massive public and private
property damage. Many of the state administrative offices
in Conakry and the interior have been destroyed. Inflation
is over 30% at the same time currency depreciation posed a
major challenge.

-- Funding for police and judicial institutions is meager.
The government has insufficient resources for its social
and administrative programs; operating budgets are slim or
non-existent. Therefore, the government focuses its anti-
trafficking activity on structural and policy changes,
which are powered by funding and implementation from NGOs
and other multilateral programs.

-- Corruption is an acknowledged and persistent problem in
Guinea. Although no statistics are available, it is
possible that some customs, immigration and border
officials or higher-level officials are individually
complicit in trafficking incidents. There were no arrests
or prosecutions of corruption cases connected to
trafficking during the year. Some traffickers and their
accomplices are reportedly protected by powerful actors and
have not been brought before the criminal justice system.

-- In spite of limited resources and capacity, the
government has undertaken efforts to improve awareness
through the Ministry of Pre-University Education to
integrate TIP-related issues into the primary school
curriculum. The government has also sought to establish
more community-based victim protection services to place
children into welcoming families. By enlarging the
community of donors who can provide support to combat TIP,
the government has been able to initiate several projects

CONAKRY 00000267 004 OF 016


over the last year, ensuring through the National Committee
that they are coordinated in their approach.

D) The Guinean government continues to monitor TIP issues
through the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in
Persons, formally established in February 2006. Guinea
also monitors its effort through compliance with its anti-
trafficking convention with ECOWAS, signed in 2001. The
treaty confers investigation rights and extradition
privileges related to trafficking to the member countries.

-- Recent bilateral and multilateral accords seek to
increase regional cooperation, harmonize legislation, and
promote information exchange. A significant monitoring
component of the multilateral accord is the Permanent
Regional Monitoring Commission (CRPS) that ensures
signatories are implementing the agreements, exchanging
necessary information, and proposing solutions to combat
trafficking. Each state signatory is also charged with
creating a National Monitoring Commission (CNS); the
members of Guinea's National Commission have been
identified, and have begun their work. The government
cooperates and integrates its trafficking-related programs
with UNICEF, Save the Children, Plan Guinea International,
WACAP and other NGO programs, to reinforce its financially
strained victim protection services.

--------------
PREVENTION
--------------

A) The Guinean government acknowledges that trafficking is
a problem. All of the relevant government ministries have
appointed representatives for the National Committee to
Combat Trafficking in Persons. The Ambassador and DCM have
engaged the government at the highest levels, including
with the Minister of Justice and Minister of Social
Affairs, who recognized the gravity of the problem and
called on all relevant actors to implement recommendations
set forth in Guinea's plan of action.

B) The National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons
is charged with the development, planning, coordination,
and implementation of policies, programs, and other
measures to prevent, repress, and punish all forms of
trafficking in persons. There are sixteen ministries
represented on the Committee. The Ministry of Social
Affairs and the Promotion of Women and Children takes the
lead and has the Committee Presidency. Other members are:
Ministry of Justice, Vice President; Ministry of Security,
Rapporteur; Ministry of Labor; Ministry of Territorial
Administration and Decentralization; Ministry of Foreign
Affairs; Ministry of Tourism; Ministry of Cooperation;
Ministry of Pre-University Teaching and Civic Education;
Ministry of Vocational Teaching and Professional Training;
Ministry of Transportation; Ministry of Economy and
Finance; Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture; Ministry of
Public Health; Ministry of Information; Ministry of Fishing
and Aquaculture; Ministry of Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry. A non-governmental agency, the Guinean
Employers' Association (Patronat),is also represented.

-- The National Committee is a crucial leader in Guinea?s
anti-trafficking efforts but it lacks the depth to be
efficient in its efforts. While it has broad-based
membership, the larger group rarely meets. The Committee
President reports that this is due to severe resource
constraints and a lack of an operating budget, which makes
it impossible even to provide refreshments for members when
they gather. The executive committee members tend to be

CONAKRY 00000267 005 OF 016


extremely knowledgeable and active, generally meeting at
least one time per month. However there is little
knowledge transfer to the rest of the committee. Many
representatives, particularly from those ministries not
traditionally involved in this issue, make only nominal
contributions. Several ministries have not yet fully
engaged the issue and integrated it into policy and
programming.

-- While it is not formally part of the National Committee,
the Ministry of National Defense, through its Directorate
of Operations and Instruction and Office for Protection of
Children?s Rights, is actively engaged on trafficking
issues. As a result of long-term training of Guinea?s
security forces, the armed forces have developed a 2007
action plan to combat trafficking in children. The plan?s
objective is to ?put in place and make functional at the
heart of the armed forces, a mechanism to combat
trafficking in children and initiate actions integral to
Guinea?s national plan to combat trafficking in persons.?
While the armed forces have not yet developed its own
concrete activities, its designation of officers to work
specifically on this issue is significant.

C) Guinea's national action plan to combat trafficking in
persons includes public awareness campaigns as a priority.
The government continues to view this as the most important
component of its efforts. Beginning in 2005 and continuing
through the reporting period, with support from UNICEF (and
partially financed through FY2005 ESF funds),the
government launched an intensive national information and
education initiative. The campaign focuses on the supply
side of trafficking of children, aiming to reduce the
number of potential victims. The overall objectives of the
media campaign are to inform and raise awareness of
Guineans on trafficking and the rights of children. By
including information on the international and national
legislation related to trafficking, the campaign informs
the population of the consequences of trafficking on a
national scale.

-- The information and education campaign includes the
production of a film that uses a series of fictional
vignettes to raise awareness of trafficking issues. The
film shorts are in French and in local languages, featuring
stories from all regions of Guinea. They have been
broadcast to wide acclaim on national television and in
community centers, schools, and neighborhoods across the
country. Working with the NGO Mano River Women for Peace,
the media campaign engaged traditional communicators in all
four regions to conduct a grassroots effort to strengthen
understanding of trafficking and children's rights.
Although the campaign is focused on curbing the demand for
trafficking, its messages will also target victims by
educating them about the resources available for
assistance. Government representatives supported children
who put on a play in April and an acrobatic performance in
June that featured anti-trafficking themes, in the
children?s own words. Although a formal evaluation of the
campaign has not been concluded, its activities have
resulted in a marked increase in levels of awareness in
many communities throughout Guinea.

D) The national action plan includes activities in the
areas of prevention, repatriation, reinsertion, protection,
and coordination. The strategic areas in the Guinean armed
forces action plan complement these foci. These anti-
trafficking initiatives are an integral component of
Guinea's comprehensive national planning document, which
includes education campaigns, child registration drives,

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and efforts to more accurately document births. The
government in partnership with the NGO Plan Guinea
continued its pilot program in the Forest Region to
register 87% of new births, a significant increase from the
30% of births currently registered nationwide. Guinea's
national poverty reduction strategy includes a program to
combat child labor.

-- Prevention programs target schools, especially in the
areas most affected by trafficking, engage NGO partners,
and create networks of professionals including teachers and
police, to keep young girls in school and promote
awareness. There is a national emphasis on girls, teacher
training, materials, and early childhood development.
Repatriation programs are underway in cooperation with the
International Refugee Committee (IRC) and UNHCR.
Reinsertion initiatives include education and programs to
train youth in revenue-producing activities. Protection
efforts aim to erect appropriate legislative safeguards and
begin data collection, and to foster high-level
coordination of existing strategies.

E) Guinea's national action plan is a product of input from
numerous national and multinational NGOs, civil society
organizations, and labor unions, all active members of the
National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons. These
organizations include the national organizations Mano River
Women's Network for Peace (REFMAP),the National Guinean
Coalition/Rights and Civil Liberties for Women (CONAG/DCF),
Action Against the Exploitation of Children and Women
(ACEEF),Sabou-Guinea, and the Association for Children and
Young Workers (AEJT). Each of these NGOs has specific
programs that address awareness-raising, prevention, and
victim protection.

-- Guinea?s newly powerful labor unions represent an
estimated 85% of Guinea's entire formal government and
private sector workforce. Over the last year, the trade
union movement has also represented the informal sector,
students, retirees, and the larger population in its goals
and demands. Their participation on the committee is
intended to facilitate outreach and education throughout
the country. The international organizations with
representatives on the committee are International Refugee
Committee, International Organization for Migration, and
Terre des Hommes. All of these organizations report
excellent relationships with government officials that have
resulted in extremely strong collaboration.

-- Guinea also works closely with the International Labor
Organization, UNICEF, and Save the Children to promote the
rights of children. Together they have completed train-
the-trainers programs preparing instructors who now teach
government officials, police and security officers. With
Sabou-Guinea, the government has addressed child protection
before, during, and after armed conflicts. This liaison is
implemented with UNICEF and prepares a cadre of military
officers who train their colleagues to respect the rights
of children. The organizations continue to train officers
and soldiers who are then deployed to educate others.

F) Guinea's borders are porous and the government has no
consistent program to monitor movements across them. The
government, along with other ECOWAS countries, has
introduced a regional travel document program. Guinea now
uses a common machine-readable passport similar to those
used in Schengen countries, with a scanned photo and other
safeguards. Over the last year, Guinea has made
significant improvements in its passport technology in an
effort to reduce document fraud.

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-- The government has not effectively monitored immigration
and emigration patterns for evidence of trafficking. The
government continues to work with national NGOs and the
transporter union to train drivers, raising their awareness
of trafficking patterns and offering them specific tools to
combat trafficking and information about resources to refer
victims. To address the weak immigration controls along
the border areas, UNICEF worked closely with the Ministry
of Security to begin mixed patrols consisting of members of
security forces and civilian representatives from the local
community. Local officers in the border areas were
provided vehicles and other resources to enable them to
carry out this mission.

G) In practice, the National Committee to Combat
Trafficking in Persons is the agency charged with
addressing trafficking-related matters. The new mandate of
the Committee tasks its Permanent Secretariat to meet twice
per month and upon convocation by the Committee president.
In addition, the Committee is assigned to present a report
three times per year to the Minister of Social Affairs on
the implementation of the National Action Plan to Combat
Trafficking in Persons. These meetings and mandated
reporting are the key mechanisms that ensure coordination
and communication between various agencies. However as
addressed previously, there are no regular meetings or
information exchanges among the larger group. The point of
contact is the Committee President, Mr. Issa Traore. The
government has a public corruption task force located in
the Ministry of Economy and Finance, an agency also
represented on the National Committee.

H) The government has a national action plan, initially
drafted in 2003 and updated as necessary. Over this
reporting period, the Ministry of Defense also developed
its own action plan for 2007, complimenting the cross-
ministerial national roadmap. The National Committee
sponsored seminars during the year to evaluate progress
made on the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in
Persons. Most notable was the two-day July workshop with
the ECOWAS expert to evaluate Guinea?s progress under
common standards. The committee acknowledges significant
progress was made in prevention, data collection, and
awareness. However, resources continue to pose a problem ?
especially over the most recent reporting period. The
National Committee President reported that his activities
were delayed for months because he was unable to mobilize
the resources to provide basic office supplies and other
equipment necessary for basic operations of the committee.

--------------
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKERS
--------------

A) Guinea has not enacted any new legislation since the
last TIP report. Guinea's Penal Code (1998) outlaws
trafficking in persons under Article 337 which punishes
"any person who has sealed an agreement which has as its
objective the prevention of liberty of a third person,
either for free or monetary profit." This crime carries a
penalty of five to ten years imprisonment and the
confiscation of any money or property received from
trafficking activities. This law was enacted to address
internal forms of trafficking, but has also been used as
the basis for transnational trafficking. Since
independence in 1958, any form of slavery is illegal in
Guinea.

-- This article also prohibits the exploitation of

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vulnerable persons for unpaid or underpaid labor,
punishable by six months to five years prison time and a
fine of 50,000 GF to 300,000 GF (approximately 10 to 57
USD). The last part of the article prohibits the
exploitation of vulnerable persons to conditions of work or
shelter that are incompatible with human dignity. This
offense carries a fine of 50,000 GF to 500,000 GF
(approximately 10 to 96 USD) and prison time of one month
to five years. A law on transnational trafficking is part
of a larger project on transnational crimes that is still
in the drafting process.

-- The government is in the process of drafting a more
specific and stringent law prohibiting trafficking in
persons, based on the United Nations Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially
Women and Children. Guinea?s law concerning trafficking in
children remains in the revision and legislative process.
For minors, the changes will be integrated into a
comprehensive Child Code. Although the government planned
to adopt the code during the year, it has gone back to a
joint committee of government and NGO experts to
incorporate new provisions that would allow organizations
and advocates to file suit on behalf of victims. This
component will fundamentally overhaul the current judicial
process that requires a victim claim for prosecution. In
December, the government sponsored a workshop to
collaborate with its NGO and IO partners to improve the
draft. The draft legislation includes more severe
penalties than those now in force for trafficking-in-
persons crimes, especially for those involving children.
The draft legislation specifically targets pedophilia,
child pornography, the sale of children, and child
abduction. The Ministry of Justice is reviewing the law to
ensure its conformity with the current Penal Code. It will
then be sent to the National Assembly for ratification.

-- In addition to these laws, the penal code includes
several sections making illegal the following activities
that may be related to trafficking in persons: hostage
taking, pawning a human being, threats, assault, and
pushing another person into delinquent activities,
including prostitution. Taken together, the laws are
sufficiently broad to cover the full scope of trafficking
in persons, if applied. While some officials favor the
amendment of these laws to carry stricter penalties, others
argue that the government must begin by successfully being
able to prosecute at least one case and to effectively
ensure the perpetrator serves time in prison.

B) The article that outlaws trafficking does not make a
distinction between the motives of trafficking people for
sexual exploitation or for labor exploitation. In both
cases, the crime carries a penalty of five to ten years
imprisonment and the confiscation of any money or property
received for trafficking activities.

C) The prescribed penalties for labor exploitation are
rarely imposed. The government?s laws provide for jail
time of five to ten years but we are not aware of any case
where the government has prosecuted or convicted a person
under this law. Labor recruiters engage in techniques
using knowingly fraudulent and deceptive offers that result
in workers being exploited in Guinea and in other
countries. In practice, there have been no convictions or
criminal punishments in such cases.

D) The Guinean Penal Code stipulates a five-to-ten year
prison term for rape. Aggravated rape, defined as rape by
an authority (teacher, public official),or sexual

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violation of someone less than 14 years old, a mentally ill
or physically impaired person, carries a penalty of ten-to-
twenty years in prison. These penalties are comparable to
crimes involving trafficking.

E) In Guinea, prostitution has not been legalized or
decriminalized. It remains a violation of the Penal Code.
However, a person prostituting him/herself cannot be tried
under the law. The minimum age for this activity is 18
years, but girls under the age of 14 were involved in
prostitution. The government did not take action when
prostitution of minors was brought to its attention, and it
did not monitor actively child or adult prostitution. The
clients, pimps, and enforcers are criminalized but in
practice, almost none of these laws are enforced. Due to
the severe funding limitations and the lack of capacity for
investigations and prosecutions, the government has not
focused its resources in this area. Instead, it has chosen
to focus on prostitution with victim protection and re-
insertion programs.

F) The government of Guinea is in the process of
investigating and prosecuting several cases against accused
traffickers. The case reported last year, of a man living
in Macenta in Upper Guinea who was arrested in January 2006
for attempting to sell his five year old daughter, was
successfully investigated, prosecuted, and the perpetrator
was sentenced to prison. He had begun serving prison time
in N?Zerekore, the regional state facility. Unfortunately,
during the January strike and state of siege, there was a
fire at the prison and several prisoners escaped, including
the trafficker. By the end of the reporting period, he
remained at large. Deplorable prison conditions that have
resulted in death, injury, and escape remain a systemic
problem that the government has not adequately addressed.
However, this is a separate issue that does not detract
from the fact that the first trafficking case has
successfully made its way through Guinea?s justice system.

-- In the current period of analysis, there is data on
several active and ongoing investigations of trafficking
crimes. As there has only been one case that has proceeded
to the trail phase, there are not comprehensive statistics
regarding investigations, convictions, and sentencing. In
the case from Macenta, we understand the trafficker did not
pay a fine although by law he should have been required to
do so. The courts did not accept a plea bargain; the
population insisted that the perpetrator be imprisoned and
punished for his crime.

-- During the year, a 16-year old girl from Conakry was
reportedly trafficked by her two tutors for labor
exploitation. The accused sent her to Monrovia to work as
a domestic. While there, she was exploited sexually and
returned to Conakry pregnant. The victim and her child are
being cared for by a national NGO. The traffickers were
arrested and their case turned over to the Ministry of
Justice. During the judicial proceedings, the girl denied
she had been a victim and asked that her former tutors be
released. The Ministry of Justice closed the case, because
there was no complaint on which to base a trial. The
police completed a thorough investigation of the case and
found evidence of trafficking.

-- In July, a girl was kidnapped and trafficked to a
village in Macenta region to be exploited as a domestic
servant. The police returned the 7-year old girl to her
grandmother. The perpetrator was identified, arrested, and
the case turned over to the Ministry of Justice. It
remains in active investigation and the trafficker is being

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prosecuted under Guinea?s anti-trafficking law.

-- Guinea is both a labor source and destination country.
We are not aware of any criminal prosecutions underway for
labor recruiters or employers or labor agents. The
government has made concentrated efforts to combat the
worst forms of child labor and labor exploitation. While
it has addressed trafficking generally, the government has
not made specific distinctions between trafficking for
labor and other purposes.

G) Traffickers in Guinea include freelance operators and
some sub-regional and international networks. In general,
it is believed that the majority of the traffickers are
small crime groups. Because the formal service sector is
relatively undeveloped, there are few employment, travel,
or tourism agencies that could act as fronts for
trafficking. There are some reports that government
officials, or individuals with strong connections at high
levels of government, may be involved in trafficking.
These reports have not been confirmed and at present, there
are no active investigations of government officials for
trafficking-related offenses. There are no reports that
profits from trafficking in persons are being channeled
into any organizations or institutions other than the
personal or professional accounts of the perpetrators.

H) During this evaluation period, the government has
actively investigated several cases of trafficking. In
November police rescued 14 Sierra Leonean women and their
babies in Conakry and placed them in a safe house run by a
local NGO. They were victims of a trafficking network that
was planning to send them to Holland. No suspects were
ever arrested but the investigation is ongoing.

-- In the Macenta case from 2005, a neighbor gave a tip to
the police that a father was trying to obtain 10 million
Guinean francs (approximately 2,200 USD) for his child.
Although the police have limited experience and resources,
they set up a covert sting operation, posing undercover as
potential buyers. Their efforts were successful as they
were able to collect extremely strong evidence of the
father's purpose, the act, and the identity of the victim ?
all the necessary components to convict the trafficker.

-- Techniques such as electronic surveillance and
undercover operations are allowed but the specific
techniques remain secret during the criminal proceedings as
part of a sealed portion of the case file. Because the
Guinean government has only recently begun investigating
trafficking cases, none have yet arrived at the stage where
mitigated punishment or immunity for cooperating suspects
might be used. In practice, the judicial system is not
sufficiently strong to offer these arrangements for any of
its criminal cases. The criminal procedure code does not
prohibit the police from engaging in covert operations,
however limited resources make these operations rare.

I) In the last year, the government has continued to
provide specialized training on trafficking for government
officials, particularly members of the security services.
Guinean military forces are regularly trained on problems
related to children in armed conflict. The Guinean
military has created an 11-member unit to deal with the
rights of children and to monitor events that may be
related to trafficking. This office has developed an
action plan to implement these techniques in a more
systematic way. The International Committee of the Red
Cross (ICRC) continues to provide human rights training to
members of the Guinean armed forces in cooperation with the

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Bureau of International Human Rights in Kissidougou.
These programs included workshops for hundreds of police
trainees and student inspectors at the National Police
Academy. The Ministry of Security also hosted a series of
seminars for groups of security services across the
country.

J) A bilateral accord between Guinea and Mali was signed in
2005 and builds upon a long history of international and
regional agreements to promote human rights and to combat
trafficking in children by focusing on the areas of
prevention, protection, repatriation, rehabilitation,
reinsertion, repression, and cooperation. The agreement
sets forth specific obligations for standards that must be
upheld by the Guinean government that include the
development and implementation of an action plan, creation
of a national coordinating committee, making sufficient
funds available to combat trafficking, punishing
traffickers, harmonizing legislation, developing programs
and stronger relationships with civil society and donor
institutions to combat trafficking. In addition, the
accord outlines specific responsibilities for the state
that is identified as a source, transit, and destination
for trafficking. As Guinea falls into all three of these
categories, this agreement binds the government in its
commitment to combat trafficking in the most important
domains.

-- Similarly, Guinea signed a multilateral accord among
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea Liberia, Mali,
Nigeria, and Togo in 2005 to combat trafficking. The
signatories have agreed upon almost identical obligations
and standards as included in Guinea's bilateral agreement
with Mali. In July, Guinea?s Minister of Social Affairs
led a delegation to Abuja where Guinea was signatory to an
accord between ECOWAS and the Economic Community of Central
African States (ECCAS) to combat trafficking in persons and
to develop a regional action plan to support these efforts.
Thus, Guinea has taken the lead on drafting cooperative
agreements to address trafficking in the region. The 2005
multilateral accord creates a Permanent Regional Monitoring
Commission (CRPS) with a secretariat based in Abidjan.
This commission follows the activities of the signatories
and ensures they are implementing the accord, exchanging
necessary information, and proposing solutions to combat
trafficking. Each state signatory is also charged with
creating a National Monitoring Commission (CNS) composed of
representatives from the government and civil society.

-- Since these accords have been signed, there are ongoing
investigations of cooperative international investigations
on trafficking, although the exact number is not known.
The outcomes will test the effectiveness of the agreements
and the ability of these regional actors to coordinate
their efforts. In addition, the Guinean police are working
with Interpol and the Government of France in an ongoing
investigation of two women who are suspected to be actively
trafficking children between Guinea and France.

K) The government has extradition agreements with ECOWAS
members. There are no reports of extraditions to Guinea in
the evaluation period. Guinea's first trafficking case,
where the alleged perpetrator held dual Guinean and Malian
nationality, was pre-empted by the perpetrator's
extradition to Mali. The bilateral accord had not yet been
signed when she was extradited, thus the agreement remains
untested in its effectiveness to guarantee prosecution. In
the future, the agreement between the two nations is that
either the perpetrator would not be extradited and would
stand trial in Guinea, or that the Malian government would

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guarantee that the perpetrator would face trial in Mali,
witnessed by representatives from the Guinean government
and/or local NGOs.

L) High-level official involvement in trafficking has been
occasionally reported in newspapers, but most information
identifies this activity as related to illegal immigration
schemes, not trafficking. Evidence suggests that there are
systemic patters of fraud for obtaining U.S. visas. Some
of the cases involve minors. Some may be women taken to
the United States by government officials for the purpose
of sexual and labor exploitation. Others may be
beneficiaries of alien smuggling.

M) Government corruption is a problem, but there is nothing
to indicate that trafficking in persons is a specific focus
of corruption. There were no prosecutions of government
officials for involvement in trafficking or trafficking-
related corruption. Corruption remained widespread
throughout society, including in the executive,
legislative, and judicial branches of government.
Connection to powerful individuals sometimes conferred
exemption from the application of Guinea's laws.

N) Guinea does not have an identified child sex tourism
problem. There is no record of any foreign pedophiles that
the government has ever prosecuted or deported/extradited
to their country of origin. The current child sexual abuse
laws do not have extraterritorial coverage.

O) The Government has signed and or ratified conventions
as follows:

-- ILO Convention 182 concerning the prohibition and
immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of
child labor was signed by the Government of Guinea on June
6, 2003.

-- ILO Convention 29 was signed by the Government of Guinea
on January 21, 1959 and 105 on forced or compulsory labor
was signed on July 11, 1961.

-- The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of
the Child (CRC) on the sale of children, child
prostitution, and child pornography was signed by the
Government of Guinea in December 2001.

-- The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking
in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing
the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime has
not yet been signed. The Ministry of Justice is working on
ratifying the Protocol.

--------------
PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS
--------------

A) Within its limited means, the government provides
assistance to victims of trafficking. The Ministry of
Social Affairs, through its section for Children at Risk,
continues to provide assistance to 350 children, 22 of whom
were trafficking victims. Most of the children are victims
of violence, have been abandoned, live in unsafe homes, or
are orphans. In each of these cases, the government has
worked to place these children into welcoming homes,
working closely with local NGOs in this effort. A case
manager follows each child to ensure he or she is
immediately provided with legal and medical services. Many
officials would like to see this program expanded,
especially with a temporary shelter where these children

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could be protected.

-- At present, there are no dedicated shelters in the
country for trafficking victims. A project was initiated
in 1997 to outfit a shelter for children in Yattaya, a
section of Conakry. The project was to have been completed
in 1998. The project donors maintain that all of the
necessary funds were contributed for the project, yet the
construction was never completed. Some reports suggest
that the government is making annual contributions for the
maintenance of this shelter that has never been
operational.

B) The government does not subsidize foreign or domestic
NGO victim services, but it cooperates with NGOs who
provide assistance. It also makes in kind contributions to
support anti-trafficking programs such as the provision of
staff to help support the mission. The National Committee
to Combat Trafficking in Persons encourages more of this
type of programmatic collaboration, expanding it to victim
protection services. At present, victim protection is
limited because of lack of resources and capacity to
effectively manage available funds.

C) At present, there are no comprehensive or formal systems
for identifying victims of trafficking among high-risk
persons. Most law enforcement and social services
personnel have only starting to become aware of
trafficking. Over the last year, several NGOs report a
distinct increase in the ability for officials to begin
asking the right questions to identify victims. However,
these procedures are inconsistent and rely on individual
knowledge and exposure to the issues. This awareness tends
to be at lower levels in some of the high-risk areas of the
country, especially near the borders.

-- Over the reporting period, the government, in
collaboration with national NGOs, initiated a ?green line?
? a free, 24-hour telephone number that a victim (or
concerned citizen) can call to provide and receive
information about resources available for victims of abuse,
including trafficking. There is a referral process in
place to immediately transfer victims into protective care.
If foreign persons are arrested, authorities help victims
contact local embassies and process travel documents for
repatriation. The police assist victims by contacting
humanitarian groups that, in turn, provide access to
shelter and family reunification programs.

D) In general, the rights of victims are respected and they
are not treated as criminals. The government sometimes
gives victims refuge in jails, if no alternatives are
available. Their status as victims is recognized and they
are housed separately from, and given more services than,
prisoners. Because there is a paucity of available
statistics, it is unclear if any trafficking victims have
been prosecuted for violations of other laws. Because
prosecutions for immigration, prostitution, or other crimes
that may be associated with trafficking are generally rare,
it is unlikely that victims fall into this category. The
government is working to reinforce a greater understanding
among law enforcement authorities that trafficking victims
must not be criminalized - a message that remains part of
the public awareness campaign and government training
programs.

E) The government encourages victims to assist in the
investigation and prosecution of trafficking. A
trafficking victim has the right to sue his trafficker in
Guinea, as long s/he is at least twelve years of age. A

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victim who is a citizen of an ECOWAS country may start
civil legal proceedings in Guinea, but the court procedure
and decision must take place in the country where the
trafficking originated. To date, there have been no such
cases. If the victim is a material witness in a court case
against an employer, the victim is permitted to obtain
other employment.

-- At present, the victim must have been identified in
order to prosecute a trafficking case. This is one of the
issues under debate within the legislative process for an
amended trafficking law. The government has been open to
suggestions by NGOs and victim-support groups who would
like to have the opportunity to file suit without having to
compromise the identity of the victim or if the victim
cannot be located. Once a victim has provided the
necessary information for the trail, there are no barriers
for the victim leaving the country. An attorney can
represent the victim during the judicial process. If
Guinean trafficking victims are returned, they are given
assistance to return to their home, and they have access to
the social services available to other citizens. No
dedicated victim services are provided for restitution.

F) The government has limited ability to provide shelter or
physical protection for victims and witnesses and in
practice, does not provide them. The judicial system
offers protection of testimony and other evidence during
and after a trial. Even after the trial is complete, the
information is supposed to remain sealed. However because
of rampant corruption, there have been several reported
cases where this information has been compromised, making
victims and witnesses more wary to assist the process. The
government does not typically offer shelter or any other
benefits to victims to aid them in rebuilding their lives -
it does not have the resources to do so. Typically, child
victims are placed in foster-care type homes with families
until a more permanent solution can be found. When these
families cannot be found, they are placed in orphanages.

G) To address weaknesses in law enforcement, provision of
victim assistance and protection, the government continued
to work with ACEEF to train security forces, customs
agents, judges, prosecutors, social workers, and unions on
TIP issues. At the request of the government, regional
workshops to train police, gendarmes, and military on TIP
issues and children's rights were conducted by ACEEF, Save
the Children, and UNICEF. The armed forces plan to begin
conducting their own training program for officers and
soldiers on these issues in 2007.

-- The government does not provide specific training on
protection and assistance to its diplomatic corps.
However, all embassies and consulates are supposed to be
staffed with a legal advisor, who is familiar with Guinea's
laws and penal code.

H) The government provides limited assistance designed
specifically for its repatriated nationals who are victims
of trafficking. However, there are several programs
sponsored in partnership with the government to provide
assistance for several vulnerable groups. For example,
working in partnership with the International Organization
for Migration, employment assistance services have been
made available for Guinean returnees from Switzerland,
internally displaced persons, stranded migrants who
returned to Guinea, and for members of the receiving
community.

I) A wide range of NGO and IO contacts report excellent

CONAKRY 00000267 015 OF 016


working relationships with the Government of Guinea on TIP
issues. For example, police contacted NGOs to provide
protection and reintegration services for the victims in
the trafficking cases during this reporting period.
Solid collaboration among Save the Children, the
International Labor Organization, and the Ministry of
Education has enabled the government to provide re-
insertion services including formal, informal, and
vocational education for thousands of at-risk children.

-- In general, the government lacks the resources and
administrative structure to assist and protect TIP victims
comprehensively. Civil servants are poorly paid and lack
sufficient training; existing social services are unable to
address the needs of the general population. However,
through collaboration with international organizations and
NGOs, local authorities are able to provide some services
for trafficking victims. These services typically focus on
re-integration and re-insertion services like counseling
and vocational education. Through the National Committee
to Combat Trafficking, the government has been able to
identify the key areas within the national plan of action
where the timeline for each activity is coordinated with
relevant partners and sources of funding. This mechanism
has made it easier for all actors to identify what efforts
still must be targeted.

-- The Government of Guinea has consistently demonstrated
the political will to address the problem of trafficking in
persons, but lack of resources, institutional capacity, and
endemic corruption have hampered its efforts. Over the
past year, Guinea has made great improvements and achieved
concrete progress. This is particularly true in the area
of prosecutions where, for the first time, cases are
successfully making their way through a judicial system
that has been unable to address impunity in most other
areas. The Government of Guinea continues to engage its
population to combat trafficking, although it is not
currently its highest priority issue.

--------------
POST CONTACT INFORMATION
--------------


2. (U) Political/Economic Section Chief Jessica Davis Ba
can be reached by email at davisbajl@state.gov. The
Embassy telephone number is (224) 30-42-08-61/62/63; Fax
number (224) 30-42-08-73. After July 6, the embassy
contact for trafficking issues will be the new
Political/Economic Section Chief, Shannon Cazeau, who can
be reached using the same telephone and fax information.

--------------
MAJOR INVESTMENT OF TIME AND RESOURCES
FOR A WORTHY CAUSE
--------------


3. (U) Post recognized the importance of this report and a
focus on TIP issues. We spend an extraordinary amount of
time on trafficking in persons issues, integrating it into
our programming and reporting priorities. We also
recognize the value of using TIP as a diplomatic tool to
pursue our policy goals of democracy, good governance, and
human rights. We have appreciated the support and funding
from the Department to enable us to further engage the
government and national organizations on trafficking-
related issues.


4. (U) The hours below represent those spent by Embassy
officials preparing the trafficking in persons report:

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FSN Grade 8-2: 22 hours
Political Officer FS-03: 20 hours
Deputy Chief of Mission: 3 hours
Ambassador: 2 hours

MCDONALD
MCDONALD