KHAANQUEST 2006 PEACEKEEPING EXERCISE SCENESETTER

S E C R E T ULAANBAATAR 000593

SIPDIS

NOFORN
SIPDIS

E.O. 12958: DECL: 08/04/2030
TAGS: MARR PREL PGOV MG
SUBJECT: KHAANQUEST 2006 PEACEKEEPING EXERCISE SCENESETTER

Classified By: Ambassador Pamela J. Slutz. Reasons: 1.4 (B) and (D).


1. (U) SUMMARY: KHAANQUEST 2006 IS THE PACIFIC-AREA GLOBAL
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS INITIATIVE (GPOI) CAPSTONE EVENT OF
THE YEAR. IT HAS FOUR MAJOR COMPONENTS: 1) A MULTINATIONAL
FIELD TRAINING EXERCISE (FTX) FOCUSING ON PEACEKEEPING SKILLS
THAT WILL TAKE PLACE AT THE FIVE HILLS TRAINING CENTER, 2) A
MULTINATIONAL COMMAND POST EXERCISE (CPX) FOCUSING ON UN
STAFF OPERATIONS THAT WILL TAKE PLACE IN ULAANBAATAR, 3)
US-MONGOLIAN HUMANITARIAN CIVIC ACTIVITIES (HCA) FEATURING
ENGINEERING PROJECTS AT THREE LOCATIONS IN ULAANBAATAR, AND
4) US-MONGOLIAN MEDICAL READINESS EXERCISE AND TRAINING EVENT
(MEDRETE) WHICH WILL BE CONDUCTED IN ZAVKHAN AIMAG. THE
FIRST THREE EVENTS OCCUR IN AUGUST. THE MEDRETE WILL BE IN
SEPTEMBER. THESE EVENTS COME DURING A TIME OF SOLID AND
GROWING DEFENSE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND
MONGOLIA. CURRENTLY 100 MONGOLIAN SOLDIERS ARE SERVING UNDER
THE POLISH COMAND IN IRAQ IN MONGOLIA,S SIXTH ROTATION
SUPPORTING OIF. IN RESPONSE TO OUR REQUEST FOR A SEVENTH
ROTATION, MONGOLIA RECENTLY INFORMED US THAT IT WILL MAINTAIN
ITS COMMITMENT TO OIF, BUT AT A REDUCED LEVEL. AT THE
COMPLETION OF THE SIXTH ROTATION IN AUGUST, 2006, IT INTENDS
TO WITHDRAW THE BULK OF ITS TROOPS BUT RETAIN A SMALL NUMBER
OF OFFICERS IN IRAQ. WE ARE ENGAGED WITH THE GOM TO
DETERMINE THE EXACT NATURE OF ITS PLANS AND HOW THEY WILL FIT
INTO THE OVERALL MULTI-NATIONAL FORCE STRUCTURE AND
REQUIREMENTS. ADDITIONALLY, SMALL CADRES OF SOLDIERS HAVE
BEEN SUPPORTING OEF BY TRAINING THE NEW AFGHAN NATIONAL ARMY
FOR OVER TWO YEARS. THERE ARE 250 MONGOLIANS DEPLOYED (FOR
THE FIRST TIME UNDER THE UN) TO SIERRA LEONE. THEY RECENTLY
SENT 40 SOLDIERS ON A KOSOVO MISSION WORKING PRIMARILY WITH
BELGIUM, AND HAVE 3-4 UN MILITARY OBSERVERS IN AFRICA.
MONGOLIA HAS A STRONG DESIRE TO INCREASE ITS UN PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS AND, AS PART OF ITS DEFENSE REFORM, PLANS TO
CREATE A PEACEKEEPING BRIGADE (2500 SOLDIERS). THIS VISIT
GIVES THE OPPORTUNITY TO EXPRESS SUPPORT FOR MONGOLIA,S
DESIRE TO ADD PEACEKEEPING FORCES AS PART OF ITS DEFENSE
REFORM; AND TO EXPRESS GRATITUDE FOR MONGOLIA,S UNWAVERING
SUPPORT FOR PEACE AND DEMOCRACY AS DEMONSTRATED BY ITS
PARTICIPATION IN OIF, OEF, AND THE GWOT. END SUMMARY.

FORM OF GOVERNMENT:
--------------


2. (U) MONGOLIA HAS A MIXED PARLIAMENTARY-PRESIDENTIAL
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT. THE PRESIDENT IS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF
THE ARMED FORCES. THE PRIME MINISITER, AS HEAD OF
GOVERNMENT, SETS POLICY, INCLUDING DEFENSE POLICY. THE
CIVILIAN MINISTER OF DEFENSE REPORTS TO THE PRIME MINISTER.
THE PRESIDENT CHAIRS THE THREE-MEMBER NATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL WHICH IS EMPOWERED TO MAKE DEFENSE AND SECURITY
DECISIONS. HOWEVER, ALL DECISIONS MUST HAVE THE CONCURRENCE
OF THE OTHER TWO MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL, THE PRIME MINISTER
AND THE SPEAKER. THE UNIFORMED CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF
REPORTS TO THE PRESIDENT, AS WELL AS TO THE MINISTER OF
DEFENSE.

MONGOLIAN SENIOR LEADER SNAPSHOT:
--------------


3. (U) PRESIDENT N. ENKHBAYAR, THE HEAD OF STATE, WAS PRIME
MINISTER 2000-2004, THEN SPEAKER UNTIL HE BECAME PRESIDENT IN

2005. IN LATE SEPTEMBER HE VISITED PACOM AND MET WITH
ADMIRAL FALLON. HE WAS EDUCATED IN MOSCOW AND LEEDS
UNIVERSITY, UK. HE SPEAKS EXCELLENT ENGLISH.


4. (U) PRIME MINISTER M. ENKHBOLD IS THE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT.
HE IS A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT (ELECTED IN AUGUST 2005) AND
CHAIRMAN OF THE MONGOLIAN PEOPLES REVOLUTIONARY PARTY (MPRP).
HE LED THE MOVE TO TOPPLE THE MPRP-DEMOCRATIC PARTY (DP)
COALITION GOVERNMENT IN JANUARY 2006 AND REPLACED (DP
CHAIRMAN) ELBEGDORJ AS PRIME MINISTER. PRIOR TO 2005, HE HAD
NO NATIONAL LEVEL OR FOREIGN POLICY EXPERIENCE. HE DOES NOT
SPEAK ENGLISH.


5. (U) DEFENSE MINISTER M. SONIMPIL, HAS BEEN A MEMBER OF
PARLIAMENT SINCE 2004 AND MINISTER OF DEFENSE SINCE JANUARY

2006. HE REPORTS TO THE PRIME MINISTER. A FORMER MEMBER OF
THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, HE BROKE WITH THIS PARTY WHEN HE JOINED
THE MPRP-LED GOVERNMENT AS MINISTER OF DEFENSE IN JANUARY

2006. HE, AND THREE OTHER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ELECTED IN
2004 ON THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY TICKET, HAVE FORMED A NEW
POLITICAL PARTY. SONIMPIL HAS A BUSINESS BACKGROUND. HE
UNDERSTANDS SOME BUT DOES NOT SPEAK ENGLISH.


6. (U) FOREIGN MINISTER N. ENKHBOLD HAS BEEN A MEMBER OF
PARLIAMENT (REPRESENTING THE MPRP) SINCE 2004. HE BECAME
FOREIGN MINISTER IN THE CABINET RESHUFFLE IN JANUARY 2006.
EDUCATED IN RUSSIA AND AUSTRALIA, HE SPEAKS EXCELLENT ENGLISH.


7. (U) LIEUTENANT GENERAL TS. TOGOO, CHIEF OF GENERAL STAFF
OF THE ARMED FORCES (GSAF),IS AN ADVOCATE OF MILITARY
REFORM, FOCUSED ON DEFENSE REFORM AND PEACEKEEPING. HE
ACCOMPANIED THE PRESIDENT DURING HIS VISIT TO PACOM LAST
SEPTEMBER. ORIGINALLY SLATED TO STEP DOWN EARLIER THIS YEAR,
TOGOO HAS REMAINED IN HIS POSITION AT THE REQUEST OF
PRESIDENT ENKHBAYAR. HE SPEAKS AND UNDERSTANDS PASSABLE
ENGLISH BUT PREFERS TO USE AN INTERPRETER.


8. (U) DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER B. ERDENEBAT, SERVED IN THE
MILITARY FROM 1982-2003 AND WENT STRAIGHT FROM COLONEL TO HIS
CURRENT POSITION. HE SPENT 8 YEARS IN RUSSIA STUDYING AT
MILITARY INSTITUTES. HE HAS BEEN DEPUTY FOR FOUR DIFFERENT
DEFENSE MINISTERS. HE HAS ALWAYS USED AN INTERPRETER.


9. (U) MAJOR GENERAL M. BORBAATAR, STATE SECRETARY OF
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE (MOD),IS A VERY ACTIVE ADVOCATE OF
US-SPONSORED PROGRAMS. HE DOES NOT SPEAK ENGLISH.


10. (U) MAJOR GENERAL A. GANBAT, DEPUTY CHIEF OF GSAF, IS
VERY WELL RESPECTED AND REFORM MINDED. HE FREQUENTLY
PARTICIPATES IN PACOM FUNDED PROGRAMS, THE LATEST BEING
PACIFIC ENDEAVOR. HE SPEAKS VERY GOOD ENGLISH.


11. (U) MAJOR GENERAL B. ERDENEBAT, FIRST DEPUTY CHIEF OF
GSAF, CHIEF OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (MIA),
PARTICIPATED IN THE SENIOR EXECUTIVES PROGRAM AT HARVARD
UNIVERSITY. HE SPEAKS ENGLISH BUT OFTEN RELIES ON AN
INTERPRETER.


12. (U) MAJOR GENERAL TS. BYAMBAJAV, CHIEF OF MONGOLIA,S
AIR AND AIR DEFENSE FORCES. HE RECENTLY ATTENDED THE COPE
THUNDER EXERCISE IN ALASKA. HE SPEAKS AND UNDERSTANDS
PASSABLE ENGLISH.


13. (U) MAJOR GENERAL M. JARGAL, CHIEF OF MONGOLIAN
LOGISTICS DEPARTMENT. RECENTLY BECAME VERY ACTIVE WITH US
ACTIVITIES AS THE JOINT DEFENSE TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND
KHAANQUEST EVOLVED. HE DOES NOT SPEAK ENGLISH.


14. (U) MAJOR GENERAL N. JALBAJAV, DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL
DEFENSE UNIVERSITY. HE IS A GRADUATE OF THE RUSSIAN MILITARY
INSTITUTE, MILITARY ACADEMY OF MOSCOW, AND APCSS. HE SPEAKS
AND UNDERSTANDS PASSABLE ENGLISH.


15. (U) COLONEL B. BATZORIG, CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS,
MOD, WAS THE PREVIOUS MONGOLIAN DEFENSE ATTACHE TO THE UNITED
STATES. HE IS USDAO,S MAIN POINT OF CONTACT FOR ORGANIZING
AND COORDINATING VISITS AND EVENTS. HE SPEAKS EXCELLENT
ENGLISH.

OTHER NOTABLES:
--------------


16. (U) MAJOR GENERAL P. SUNDEV, COMMANDER OF MONOLIA,S
BORDER PROTECTION SERVICES. HE IS A STRONG SUPPORTER OF US
DOD ACTIVITIES IN COUNTRY, TO INCLUDE THE BORDER
COMMUNICATIONS PROJECT AND RECENT MILITARY MEDICAL
HUMANITARIAN EVENTS. NOTE: THE BORDER PROTECTION SERVICES
FALL UNDER THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE AND HOMELAND AFFAIRS.


17. (U) MAJOR GENERAL RAGCHAA. &FOUNDER OF MONGOLIAN
PEACEKEEPING INITIATIVES8, CURRENTLY SERVING AT THE UN IN
NEW YORK.


18. (U) MAJOR GENERAL ULANKHUU. THE SENIOR MONGOLIAN LNO
SERVING AT CENTCOM IN TAMPA, FLORIDA.


19. (U) MAJOR GENERAL CHOIJAMTS. PULLED AWAY AS CHIEF OF
PEACEKEEPING DEPARTMENT TO ATTEND THE US INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE
OF THE ARMED FORCES.


20. (U) LIEUTENANT GENERAL (RETIRED) DASHZEVIG. MILITARY
ADVISOR TO THE PRESIDENT. A BEHIND-THE-SCENES, PRO-US
ADVOCATE.


21. (U) SENIOR HIGH COMMISSIONER DASH. CHIEF OF MONGOLIAN
NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (NEMA). NEMA HAS
ACTIVITIES WITH THE ALASKA GUARD UNDER THE STATE PARTNERSHIP
PROGRAM.

NON-KQ DOD PERSONNEL TDY TO MONGOLIA
DURING THIS VISIT:
--------------


22. (U) MARFORPAC HAS A TEAM OF SIX MARINES IN COUNTRY. THEY
ARE EMBEDDED WITH UNIT #150 AND UNIT #327. THEIR FOCUS IS
UNIT-LEVEL ENLISTED DEVELOPMENT AND EXCHANGE PROGRAM.

MONGOLIAN PUBLIC OPINION AND THE WAR ON TERROR:
-------------- --


23. (U) MONGOLIANS GENERALLY SUPPORT THE INTERNATIONAL WAR
ON TERROR. THEY WERE SHOCKED BY THE 9/11 ATTACKS AND WERE
VERY SUPPORTIVE OF THE EARLY STAGES OF THE WAR ON TERROR THAT
FOLLOWED 9/11. MONGOLIA WAS ALSO AMONG THE FIRST NATIONS TO
STRONGLY SUPPORT THE US ACTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN. MONGOLIANS,
IN GENERAL, CONTINUE TO FAVOR THE OVERALL WAR ON TERRORISM.
HOWEVER, BECAUSE THERE HAVE NOT BEEN ANY TERROR ATTACKS IN,
OR EVEN NEAR MONGOLIA, MOST MONGOLIANS SEE THE STRUGGLE
AGAINST TERRORISM AS A REMOTE AND ABSTRACT ISSUE. ISSUES
SUCH AS THE ECONOMY, JOBS, AND EDUCATION ARE ALL MUCH MORE
IMPORTANT ISSUES TO THE AVERAGE MONGOLIAN.


24. (U) MOST MONGOLIANS DID NOT FEEL THAT SADDAM HUSSEIN WAS
AN URGENT THREAT TO WORLD PEACE AND ESPECIALLY TO MONGOLIA.
HOWEVER, MOST FELT THAT IT WAS IMPORTANT THAT SADDAM HUSSEIN
BE REMOVED BECAUSE OF HIS BRUTALITY TOWARDS THE IRAQI PEOPLE.
VOCAL OPPOSITION TO THE WAR IN IRAQ IS ALMOST NON-EXISTENT
BUT A FEW NEWSPAPERS HAVE RUN COMMENTARIES CRITICIZING THE
MONGOLIAN GOVERNMENT'S PARTICIPATION IN THE COALITION. EVEN
THESE ARTICLES HAVE TENDED TO CRITICIZE THE ALLEGED SECRECY
AND HASTE WITH WHICH THE DECISION WAS MADE RATHER THAN TAKING
ISSUE WITH THE END RESULT. RECENT VISITS BY EMBASSY
OFFICIALS TO WESTERN MONGOLIA AND DISCUSSIONS WITH THE LARGE
(MUSLIM) KAZAKH MINORITY IN THAT PART OF THE COUNTRY CONFIRM
THAT THERE IS GENERAL SUPPORT FOR U.S. POLICY TOWARD THE
MIDDLE EAST AND FOR THE COALITIONS IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN,
IN PARTICULAR.


25. (U) PUBLIC OPINION ON THE MONGOLIAN TROOPS IN IRAQ IS
MUTED BUT GENERALLY POSITIVE. THE MONGOLIAN GOVERNMENT HAS
IMPROVED AND EXPANDED ITS PUBLIC RELATIONS ATTENTION TO THE
POSITIVE ROLE PLAYED BY THE MONGOLIAN TROOPS. BY AND LARGE,
THE GENERAL PUBLIC ) PARTICULARLY THE FAMILIES AND FRIENDS
OF THE NEARLY 700 SOLDIERS WHO HAVE SERVED TO DATE IN IRAQ
AND AFGHANISTAN ) IS SUPPORTIVE OF PEACEKEEPING IN GENERAL,
AND OF MONGOLIA,S CONTRIBUTION TO OIF AND OEF. THE
PRESIDENT OF MONGOLIAN PRESIDES OVER AWARD CEREMONIES FOR
RETURNING SOLDIERS; A NEW PEACEKEEPING MEDAL WAS STRUCK IN
2004, AND A NATIONAL PEACEKEEPING DAY WAS PROCLAIMED.
OVERALL, THERE IS A SENSE OF PRIDE THAT MONGOLIA IS
PARTICIPATING IN SUCH HISTORIC EVENTS AND THAT MONGOLIA IS
SHOULDERING ITS SHARE OF INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES.
ALTHOUGH MANY MONGOLIANS SEEM ONLY VAGUELY AWARE THAT
MONGOLIA HAS TROOPS IN IRAQ, EVEN NOMADIC HERDERS WATCH TV
AND NOW UNDERSTAND AND SUPPORT MONGOLIA,S COMMITMENT TO THE
COALITION. THERE HAS BEEN NO REAL OPPOSITION TO THE MISSION,
AND NO CALLS TO BRING THE TROOPS HOME. THE PUBLIC APATHY ON
THE ISSUE WOULD LIKELY CHANGE QUICKLY IF MONGOLIAN SOLDIERS
SUFFERED CASUALTIES. HOWEVER, AFTER SIX ROTATIONS AND OVER
700 SOLDIERS, IT IS NOT CERTAIN THE APATHY WOULD CHANGE TO
OPPOSITION.

USDAO ASSESSMENT OF MONGOLIA,S MILITARY FORCES:
-------------- --


26. (U) THE MONGOLIAN ARMED FORCES (MAF) ARE A RELATIVELY
SMALL BUT DISCIPLINED, PRO-WESTERN FORCE. WITH MODEST
ATTENTION, THIS MILITARY CAN BE A REGIONAL ASSET AS A
PEACEKEEPING-CONTRIBUTING NATION AND A ROLE MODEL FOR
NORTHEAST AND CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES. ITS UNIQUE
GEOPOLITICAL POSITION ALSO MAKES THE MAF WORTH DEVELOPING AS
A DOD/PACOM ASSET. MONGOLIANS TACITLY ACKNOWLEDGE THE MAF IS
NO MATCH FOR THE FORCES OF EITHER OF ITS NEIGHBORS, CHINA OR
RUSSIA, BUT CONTINUE TO KEEP DEFENSE OF NATION, AS A TOP
MISSION.


27. (U) THE MONGOLIAN ARMED FORCES WERE LONG DOMINATED BY
SOVIET MILITARY PRESENCE AND CONSIDERED ESSENTIALLY AN
APPENDAGE OF THE SOVIET FORCES IN THE FAR EAST THEATER.
SINCE 1992, THE MONGOLIAN MILITARY HAS UNDERTAKEN A NUMBER OF
ACTIVITIES TO SIMULTANEOUSLY INTEGRATE THE MAF INTO THE NEW
DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM AND TO ESTABLISH A POLITICALLY NEUTRAL
PROFESSIONAL MILITARY THROUGH RIGHTSIZING AND RESTRUCTURING.


28. (U) THE EFFORTS TOWARDS SUBORDINATING THE MILITARY TO
CIVILIAN COMMAND AUTHORITIES HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL. A DEFENSE
AUDITING AGENCY MONITORS COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS AND
CONTROL OF RESOURCES. IT IS MADE UP OF CIVILIANS AND ANSWERS
DIRECTLY TO THE MINISTER OF DEFENSE. THE INSTITUTE FOR
STRATEGIC STUDIES, WHICH RESEARCHES AND DEVELOPS POLICY
POSITIONS ON STRATEGIC ISSUES FOR ALL BRANCHES OF THE
GOVERNMENT, IS ALSO SUBORDINATE TO THE MINISTER OF DEFENSE.
THE STAFF IS A COMBINATION OF CIVILIAN AND MILITARY
RESEARCHERS WITH EXTENSIVE TRAINING ABROAD. THE MAF HAS AN
ACTIVE PROGRAM OF STUDY WITH THE US CENTER FOR CIVIL MILITARY
RELATIONS. THEY HAVE ALSO BEEN VERY COOPERATIVE AND OPEN
DURING THE JDTA.


29. (U) MONGOLIA,S THREE PRIMARY MISSIONS AND THE FOCUS OF
THEIR TRANSFORMATION ARE: INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS, DEFENSE OF THE NATION THROUGH SUPPORT TO THE
BORDER PROTECTIVE SERVICE, AND SUPPORT FOR HUMANITARIAN
ASSISTANCE AND DISASTER RELIEF OPERATIONS.


30. (U) THE ACTIVE MILITARY CONSISTS OF THE MAF. IN TIME OF
WAR, THE MONGOLIAN BORDER PROTECTION SERVICE COMES UNDER THE
CONTROL OF THE MILITARY. FOUR YEARS AGO THE BORDER FORCES
AND THE CIVIL DEFENSE AGENCY (NOW NEMA) WERE PART OF THE
ACTIVE MILITARY. THE BORDER FORCES ARE NOW SUBORDINATE TO
THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE AND HOMELAND AFFAIRS WHILE NEMA IS
UNDER THE MINISTRY FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT. AFTER MUCH
DEBATE, MONGOLIA BEGAN TO SHIFT TO A LIGHTER, MORE COMPACT
FORCE STRUCTURE. SUPPORT UNITS WERE UNIFIED TO CAPITALIZE ON
SCARCE RESOURCES. SINCE 1985, THE NUMBER OF ACTIVE DUTY
FORCES HAS BEEN REDUCED BY 75 PERCENT. THE MAF NOW HAS
APPROXIMATELY 10,000 SOLDIERS (7,500-11,000- DEPENDING ON
SOURCE) WITH 120,000 INACTIVE RESERVISTS.


31. (U) THE MOST SIGNIFICANT MAF RESTRUCTURING COMPLETED TO
DATE IS THE CURRENT RESTRUCTURING EFFORTS FOR PARTICIPATION
IN UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS AND EXPANSION OF
PEACEKEEPING TRAINING. IN ADDITION TO DEPLOYING PEACEKEEPERS
TO UNITED NATIONS MISSIONS, THE MONGOLIAN ARMED FORCES HAVE
ESTABLISHED A DEDICATED PEACEKEEPING BATTALION AND A
DEPARTMENT FOR PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS (DPKO). THE
DEPARTMENT CAPITALIZES ON INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES,
COORDINATES TRAINING, AND DEVELOPS AND TEACHES DOCTRINE AT
ALL OF MONGOLIA,S COMBAT ARMS UNITS. THE MAF IS NOW
CONSIDERING PLANS FOR A CENTER OF PEACEKEEPING EXCELLENCE AT
THE NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY. A SECOND PEACEKEEPING
BATTALION HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN DARKHAN, BUT IS NOT YET
FULLY STAFFED OR EQUIPPED.


32. (U) IN RECENT BILATERAL EXCHANGES, REPRESENTATIVES OF
THE MONGOLIAN MINISTRY OF DEFENSE AND GENERAL STAFF LAID OUT
THEIR OBJECTIVES FOR OUR MILITARY-TO-MILITARY COOPERATION
PROGRAM, INCLUDING THE SECURITY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. THEIR
OBJECTIVES INCLUDE DEVELOPING PEACEKEEPING CAPACITY,
ACQUIRING INDIVIDUAL SOLIDER EQUIPMENT THROUGH EDA, AMERICAN
LANGUAGE TRAINING, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER CORPS
DEVELOPMENT, SENIOR-TO-JUNIOR STAFF AND MANAGEMENT TRAINING,
AIR DEFENSE COURSES, AND COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
MODERNIZATION. THE MAF IS AVIDLY SEEKING ASSISTANCE TO
TRANSFORM TO A MODERN G/J STAFF FORMAT AS PART OF THEIR
DEFENSE REFORM.


33. (U) THE STATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM ) AS PART OF THE
NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU,S NATION-STATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM,
THE MONGOLIAN MILITARY AND THE ALASKA GUARD HAVE A STATE
PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM. THIS PARTNERSHIP HAS GROWN TO INCLUDE
ACTIVITIES WITH THE BPS AND THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
AGENCY (NEMA). IN THE FUTURE IT MAY ALSO INCLUDE OTHER
ALASKAN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS. AS A
RESULT OF THIS PARTNERSHIP, MONGOLIA SENT OBSERVERS TO THE
NORTHERN EDGE, HOMELAND SECURITY EXERCISE IN ALASKA, AND
THE ALASKA ARMY AND AIR GUARD HAS BEEN TO MONGOLIA FOR PUBLIC
AFFAIRS SUBJECT MATTER EXCHANGES, COMBAT LIFESAVING TRAINING,
AND HUMANITARIAN MEDICAL EVENTS.


34. (U) COMMUNICATIONS PROJECT WITH BORDER FORCES. THIS WAS
ORIGINALLY PROGRAMMED AS A THREE-YEAR, TWO-PHASE PROJECT TO
UPGRADE BORDER COMMUNICATIONS IN UVS AND DORNOD PROVINCES.
HOWEVER, DUE TO FMF SHORTFALLS, THE PROJECT IS IN ITS FOURTH
YEAR WITH ONLY PHASE ONE NEARLY FINISHED. IN 2002, THE BORDER
FORCES WERE TRANSFERRED FROM MOD TO THE MINISTRY OF
JUSTICE/INTERIOR; THEY REPORT TO THE MINISTER OF
JUSTICE/INTERIOR.


35. (U) PEACEKEEPING EQUIPMENT AND TRAINING. MONGOLIA
RECENTLY RECEIVED $4.55 MILLION IN EIPC/GPOI FUNDING AND 11
MILLION IN COALITION SOLIDARITY FUNDS (CSF) TO SUPPORT THEIR
EFFORTS TO ENTER INTO UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS AND TO
DEVELOP THE FIVE HILLS TRAINING CENTER INTO A REGIONAL
TRAINING CENTER. MOST OF THE FY 06 GPOI FUNDING IS BEING
SPENT TO SUPPORT THE KHAAN QUEST EXERCISE. CSF FUNDS ARE
BEING USED TO PURCHASE COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT, NIGHT VISION
DEVICES, AND GPS GEAR FOR THE PEACEKEEPING BATTALIONS. THESE
PURCHASES ARE CURRENTLY BEING PROCESSED AT DSCA. CSF WILL
ALSO HELP FUND FIVE HILLS TRAINING AREA IMPROVEMENTS, TO
INCLUDE WEAPONS AND DRIVING SIMULATORS, AND TRAINING. FOR
FY08, WE EXPECT THE BULK OF THE FUNDING FOR MONGOLIA,S PKO
TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT TO CONTINUE TO COME FROM CSF AND GPOI.

INTELLIGENCE RELATIONSHIPS WITH MONGOLIA:
--------------

36.(S//NF) BACKGROUND. THE UNITED STATES DOES NOT HAVE A
BILATERAL INTELLIGENCE SHARING RELATIONSHIP WITH MONGOLIA.
HISTORICALLY, AS A RESULT OF THE FORMER-SOVIET OCCUPATION OF
MONGOLIA, SOVIET SPONSORED MILITARY TRAINING TO THE
MONGOLIANS, AND MONGOLIA,S GEO-STRATEGIC LOCATION AS A
BUFFER TO CHINA, RUSSIAN INFLUENCE ON THE MONGOLIAN ARMED
FORCES REMAINS STRONG. THEIR PROXIMITY TO CHINA AND THE
AFORE MENTIONED GEO-STRATEGIC LOCATION (FOR THE CHINESE AS
WELL AS THE US) IMPLIES POSSIBLE TIES WITH THE CHINESE AS
WELL. NEVERTHELESS, MONGOLIA HAS REQUESTED AN INTELLIGENCE
SHARING AGREEMENT, OFFERING INFORMATION ON CHINA AND NORTH
KOREA. THE PROPOSAL IS UNDER INTERAGENCY CONSIDERATION IN
WASHINGTON.

USDAO RELATIONS WITH OTHER ATTACHE OFFICES:
--------------


37. (C) RUSSIA, CHINA, AND FRANCE ARE THE ONLY OTHER
COUNTRIES WITH RESIDENT ATTACHE OFFICES IN MONGOLIA.
RELATIONS ARE WARM AND FRIENDLY. THEY ARE WELL AWARE OF THE
PEACEKEEPING TRAINING AND SECURITY ASSISTANCE WE PROVIDE.


38. (C) OTHER ATTACHES ACCREDITED TO MONGOLIA ARE POSTED IN
BEIJING. THEY OCCASIONALLY COME TO ULAANBAATAR FOR
REPRESENTATIONAL FUNCTIONS OR BRIEF OFFICIAL VISITS.
COUNTRIES WORTH NOTING ARE GERMANY, TURKEY, INDIA,
SWITZERLAND, BELGIUM, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM. USDAO HELPS
COORDINATE SENDING GERMAN-FUNDED, MONGOLIAN CANDIDATES TO THE
MARSHALL CENTER. TURKEY HAS DONATED 15 TONS OF EXCESS
MILITARY EQUIPMENT. INDIA CONDUCTED JOINT TRAINING WITH THE
MONGOLIANS AT THE FIVE HILLS TRAINING CENTER IN 2004 AND
BROUGHT A PLATOON TO INDIA IN DECEMBER 2005. SWITZERLAND IS
TRYING TO DONATE EXCESS MILITARY EQUIPMENT TO HELP OUTFIT THE
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS. BELGIUM FUNDED THE TRAINING AND
TRANSPORTATION OF TROOPS TO KOSOVO TO SUPPORT THEIR OWN
FORCES IN COUNTRY. THE UNITED KINGDOM IS HELPING THE MAF
INCREASE ITS ENGLISH LANGUAGE CAPACITY AND HAS BEEN A STRONG
ADVOCATE FOR USING MONGOLIA AS A NEUTRAL PLACE TO CONDUCT
MULTINATIONAL PEACEKEEPING TRAINING WITH THE US, RUSSIA, AND
CHINA.

USDAO ASSISTANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MONGOLIA:
--------------


39. (U) PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS. MONGOLIA INITIATED
INTEREST IN UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS WHEN IT SENT OBSERVERS
TO THE CONGO IN 2002 AND MOROCCO IN 2003. ASSISTING MONGOLIA
WITH PEACEKEEPING DEVELOPMENT HAS BEEN OUR MAIN FOCUS. WE
CURRENTLY HAVE ACCESS TO SOME $15 MILLION TO SUPPORT
PEACEKEEPING DEVELOPMENT AND ALTHOUGH, TO DATE, NO US-FUNDED
PK EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN DELIVERED, OUR PAST SUPPORT AND PLANS
TO MODERNIZE FIVE HILLS TRAINING CENTER HAVE BEEN FRUITFUL.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 150TH ELITE PEACEKEEPING BATTALION
SHOWS WHAT IS POSSIBLE WHEN WE COOPERATE IN AREAS WHERE THE
MAF IS ALSO ABLE TO COMMIT ITS LIMITED RESOURCES. TO DATE
EIPC-FUNDED UNIT TRAINING, AMERICAN LANGUAGE LABS AND
MATERIALS, AND COMPUTER EQUIPMENT ARE DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW DEPARTMENT OF PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS IN MAF--AN ORGAN THAT IS DRIVING OVERALL REFORM
AND LED TO THE 250-MAN ARMED CONTINGENT GUARDING THE UN WAR
CRIMES COURT IN SIERRA LEONE SINCE DECEMBER 2005. ALONG WITH
RELATED PACOM TRAINING EVENTS, THE CONTINUED PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT OF OFFICERS AND NCOS THROUGH IMET COURSES,
INITIATION OF AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TRAINING PROGRAM FOR
PEACEKEEPERS WITH EIPC FUNDED MATERIALS AND IMET LANGUAGE
INSTRUCTOR MTTS FROM DLI, ASSISTANCE IN ESTABLISHING A SECOND
PEACEKEEPING BATTALION WITH EIPC-FUNDED COURSES, PROVIDING A
NATIONAL DECISION-MAKERS ORIENTATION TO REAL-WORLD
PEACEKEEPING, FUNDING A UNITED NATIONS STAFF OFFICERS COURSE,
AND EMBEDDING US NCOS TO HELP MONGOLIA PROFESSIONALIZE AND
DEVELOP THEIR ENLISTED CORPS WILL DIRECTLY SUPPORT MONGOLIAN
AND US NATIONAL INTERESTS WITH THE FIELDING OF A DISCIPLINED,
WESTERN -STANDARD PEACEKEEPING UNIT.


40. (U) NCO PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT. THIS INITIATIVE HAS
GREAT POTENTIAL AND IS THE BEDROCK TO FURTHER, DEEPER
REFORMS. IT IS ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL FOR MONGOLIA TO DEVELOP
A PROFESSIONAL NCO CORPS IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO CONDUCT
INTERNATIONAL COALITION OPERATIONS*PEACEKEEPING,
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE, AND/OR DISASTER RELIEF. MONGOLIA IS
THE FIRST COUNTRY IN NORTHEAST ASIA TO EXPRESS A DESIRE TO
RADICALLY ALTER THEIR CONCEPTS ON THE PROFESSIONAL NCO. MORE
IMPORTANTLY, MAF WANTS TO USE US SECURITY ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
TO DEVELOP A CORE CADRE OF NCO TRAINERS, CAPABLE OF
DEVELOPING AN INDEPENDENT MONGOLIAN NCO PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. WITH THE HELP OF PACOM, SEVERAL
MONGOLIA NCO,S ATTENDED THE US ARMY NCO ACADEMY IN HAWAII;
WITH THE HELP OF MARFORPAC, US MARINES ARE LIVING AND WORKING
WITH THE 150TH NEAR ULAANBAATAR AND THE 327TH IN CHOIBALSAN;
AND PACOM HAS SENT A SENIOR NCO TO ASSIST THE GENERAL STAFF
HEADQUARTERS IN STRATEGIC-LEVEL DEVELOPMENT.


41. (U) BORDER FORCES COMMUNICATIONS PROJECT. COMPLETION OF
THE FIRST AND SECOND (FINAL) PHASE OF THIS PROGRAM IS
ESSENTIAL TO BOTH MONGOLIA AND TO US INTERESTS IN THE AREA.
MONGOLIA HAS A LONG AND POROUS BORDER WITH RUSSIA AND CHINA.
THE U.S. COMMITTED TO EQUIP TWO PROVINCES (UVS AND DORNOD)
WITH MODERN COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT TO ENABLE UNITS TO
COMMUNICATE SECURELY WITH THEIR PROVINCIAL HEADQUARTERS AND
WITH ULAANBAATAR. THE TWO PROVINCES ARE SIGNIFICANT IN THAT
THEY BORDER ON 1) IN THE CASE OF UVS, THE RUSSIAN REPUBLIC OF
TUVA (INFAMOUS FOR LIVESTOCK RUSTLING AND OTHER CROSS-BORDER
CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES) AND 2) IN THE CASE OF DORNOD, BOTH
RUSSIA AND CHINA. MONGOLIA IS CONCERNED ABOUT CROSS-BORDER
SMUGGLING OF GOODS AND PEOPLE IN THIS PROVINCE. AT THE TIME
THE U.S. COMMITTED TO THIS PROJECT, THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA,
THROUGH THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, UNDERTOOK TO EQUIP THE
OTHER PROVINCES WITH BORDERS ON CHINA AND RUSSIA WITH
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT, WHICH HAS BEEN DONE. A
DOD-CONTRACTED U.S. COMPANY HAS NEARLY COMPLETED INSTALLATION
OF EQUIPMENT IN UVS PROVINCE; ANNUAL SHORTFALLS IN FMF
FUNDING FOR THIS PROJECT HAVE DELAYED COMPLETION BY TWO
YEARS. IT IS NOT LIKELY THAT ADDITIONAL FMF WILL BE ALLOCATED
IN FY08 AND BEYOND FOR THE SECOND (AND FINAL) PHASE,
INSTALLATION IN DORNORD PROVINCE. AMBASSADOR AND STATE HAVE
PROPOSED THAT THE SECOND PHASE BE FUNDED OUT OF UNSPENT FY06
OR FY07 FMF FUNDS OR THAT THE PROJECT BE SIGNIFICANTLY SCALED
BACK AND FUNDED OUT OF ESF IN FY08. BORDER FORCES ARE
INCLUDED IN IMET TRAINING.


42. (U) MILITARY REFORM AND RESTRUCTURING. THIS CONTINUES
TO BE A SIGNIFICANT ELEMENT OF THE SECURITY ASSISTANCE
TRAINING PROGRAM. THE MAF PLACES GREAT VALUE ON THE TRAINING
AVAILABLE TO SUPPORT REFORM AND RESTRUCTURING EFFORTS,
ESPECIALLY THE E-IMET PROGRAMS. TO DATE, SENIOR MAF
LEADERSHIP, INCLUDING THE CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF HIMSELF,
HAVE BEEN PROMOTED DUE TO THEIR ATTENDANCE AT IMET COURSES.
THESE REFORMERS ARE LOOKING TO QUICKLY BUILD QUALIFIED STAFFS
AND SUBORDINATE LEADERS-- A FUTURE CADRE BASED ON
PARTICIPATION IN E-IMET PROGRAMS. PROGRAMS FROM THE DEFENSE
INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES (DIILS) AND THE
CENTER FOR CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS (CCMR) HAVE ALSO BEEN
ENTHUSIASTICALLY RECEIVED.


43. (U) ENGLISH LANGUAGE TRAINING. BASED ON ASSESSMENTS BY
THE DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE/ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTER, MAF
HAS REFOCUSED ITS LANGUAGE-TRAINING PROGRAM. THEY HAVE
IDENTIFIED LONG-TERM INSTRUCTORS, WHO SHOULD REMAIN IN PLACE
AS LANGUAGE INSTRUCTORS FOR EXTENDED PERIODS. THEY HAVE
REVISED THE STUDENT SELECTION PROCESS AND INSTITUTED NEW
REGULATIONS THAT SUPPORT UNINTERRUPTED TRAINING. THEY HAVE
BEGUN MASS TESTING AND EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF CANDIDATES FOR
FUTURE IMET COURSES AND ENTER MORE THAN ONE CANDIDATE IN
ENGLISH LANGUAGE TRAINING, IN ORDER TO PROVIDE LARGER NUMBERS
OF QUALIFIED CANDIDATES.


44. (U) HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND DISASTER RELIEF OF THE
CIVILIAN POPULATION. AFTER 9/11 MILITARY HUMANITARIAN EVENTS
IN MONGOLIA CEASED; HOWEVER, FY05 SAW A RESURGENCE OF EVENTS.
PACOM/COE HOSTED AN AUSTERE ENVIRONMENTS MEDICAL SYMPOSIUM,
THE ANNUAL KHAANQUEST EXERCISE INCLUDED HUMANITARIAN PROJECTS
WITH LOCAL SCHOOLS AND NGOS, THE EMBEDDED MARINES USE
HUMANITARION PROJECTS TO SHARE LEADERSHIP SKILLS WITH THEIR
COUNTERPARTS, AND USARPAC AND THE AK GUARD DEPLOYED TO REMOTE
AREAS WITH MAF AND BPS COUNTERPARTS TO PROVIDE MEDICAL CARE
AT RURAL HOSPITALS. IN RELATION TO THESE EVENTS, EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES HAVE BEEN LEFT BEHIND TO INCLUDE ORTHOPEDIC
SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, FIRST AID KITS, HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL
RESPONSE KITS, AND MEDICINES. ON THE SCHEDULE IS A USARPAC
DISASTER PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT. THESE EVENTS PROVIDE
EXCELLENT TRAINING FOR US FORCES TO PREPARE THEM FOR
COMBAT/AUSTERE ENVIRONMENTS AND MULTINATIONAL EVENTS. THESE
EVENTS ALSO HELP ONE OF MONGOLIA,S DEFENSE REFORM OBJECTIVES
TO IMPROVE CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS AND ADD EXPERIENCE TO
THEIR HUMANITARIAN AND DISASTER RELIEF CAPABILITIES.


45. (U) AIR FORCE-RELATED TRAINING. DUE TO A COMPLETE LACK
OF RESOURCES, MAF WILL NOT BE ABLE TO REFORM ITS FLYING AIR
FORCE IN THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE, AND WE WILL NOT REQUEST
RELATED SLOTS. HOWEVER, AS AIR DEFENSE IS PART OF THE AIR
FORCE, WE ARE PURSUING SPECIFIC TRAINING LINE ITEMS IN THIS
FIELD AS WELL AS AIR-RELATED FIELDS THAT MAY SUPPORT
PEACEKEEPING DEPLOYMENTS AND OPERATIONS. (FOR EXAMPLE, SLOTS
TO THE US ARMY ADA OFFICER BASIC COURSE, TARMAC SECURITY, AND
CARGO LOADPLANNING)

CURRENT SNAPSHOT OF
US-MONGOLIAN MILITARY ACTIVITIES:
--------------


46. (U) THE FOLLOWING STATESIDE COURSES CURRENTLY HAVE A
MONGOLIAN MILITARY STUDENT IN ATTENDANCE: ARMY WAR COLLEGE,
INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE OF THE ARMED FORCES, INFANTRY OFFICER
BASIC COURSE, ARMY RANGER COURSE, ARMY SIGNAL OFFICER BASIC
COURSE, HEALTH CARE SPECIALIST COURSE, INTERNATIONAL OFFICER
INTELLIGENCE COURSE, DLI LANGUAGE INSTRUCTOR COURSE,
PEACEKEEPING FOR DECISION MAKERS COURSE, USMC COMMAND & STAFF
COLLEGE, AND USMC DRILL INSTRUCTOR COURSE.


47. (U) MONGOLIANS ARE ALSO AT THE ASIAN-PACIFIC CENTER FOR
STRATEGIC STUDIES.


48. (U) CURRENT TITLE X-FUNDED EVENTS WITH MONGOLIAN
PARTICIPATION INCLUDE THE PIRAB/FABIRU EXERCISE IN THAILAND.


49. (U) ACTIVITIES IN-COUNTRY INCLUDE THE USMC EMBED
ENLISTED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND KHAANQUEST.

SLUTZ