KENYA SUBMISSION FOR THE SIXTH ANNUAL TRAFFICKING

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 08 NAIROBI 000920 SIPDIS SENSITIVE G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, IWI, AF/RSA E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: KCRM PHUM KWMN SMIG KFRD ASEC PREF ELAB KE SUBJECT: KENYA SUBMISSION FOR THE SIXTH ANNUAL TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT REF: SECSTATE 3836 ¶1. (U) The following is Embassy Nairobi's submission for the Department's annual Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP). Information is keyed to the format provided in reftel. ¶2. (SBU) STATUS AND EXTENT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN KENYA ¶I. Overview ¶A. Origin, Transit, and Destination Origin Kenya continues to be a country of origin for victims of human trafficking destined for the Middle East, other nations in Eastern and Southern Africa, and Western Europe and North America. Kenyan victims overseas often find themselves forced into domestic servitude, prostitution, service in massage parlors (where it is also believed they are forced into prostitution),casino work, and enslavement in brothels. Kenyans are generally trafficked to the Middle East as cheap laborers and often as domestic workers to Europe. Transit The extent to which Kenya is utilized as a transit point for human traffickers remains unclear. Kenya serves as a transit corridor for travel among Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the other African nations, which makes it an attractive location for human smugglers. The degree to which this transit is human trafficking (or could become so at the onward destination) remains unknown. Authorities believe Asians (mainly Chinese women) are being smuggled to European destinations via Nairobi primarily to enter the commercial sex trade. Several Chinese women traveling on either forged Korean or Hong Kong travel documents have been discovered in Kenya, believed to be transiting to Europe and even the U.S. South Asians are also believed to transit Kenya through established smuggling operations. 63 Bangladeshis were discovered in Kenya in May 2005, believed to be workers transiting to European destinations. However, it is unclear whether any of these cases contain elements of human trafficking. Nevertheless, the same conditions which make Kenya attractive to human smugglers also make it attractive to human traffickers. Destination Evidence collected by local and international NGOs through first-person accounts and press reporting indicates that Kenya remains a destination for human trafficking victims. A Kenyan Police Service survey of brothels and massage parlors highlights the growing sex tourism trend along the Kenyan coast and in urban centers. Burundian and Rwandan nationals are working in the commercial sex trade or as domestic laborers, and may have been trafficked for these purposes. Additionally, trafficking within Kenya is a significant issue. (See II.B) More Research is Needed The problem of human trafficking in Kenya has not been adequately researched. Much of the information available, compiled by NGOs or international organizations, is dated or based on anecdotal evidence. However, the results of an embassy-funded survey conducted by the Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (a Kenyan NGO),focusing on human trafficking and its impact on labor issues in Kenya, should be available in late March. A comprehensive survey on the human trafficking phenomenon in Kenya and throughout East Africa undertaken by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) will be available later this year. A number of Kenyan NGOs are also undertaking surveys into the human trafficking situation in Kenya and the region. Additionally, UNICEF is conducting research on the extent and effect of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Kenya, which may reveal much about the trends in trafficking for sexual exploitation. ¶B. General Overview Inside Kenya Neither the government nor NGOs canvassed for this report could provide reliable figures on internal trafficking, though all acknowledge that internal trafficking is of significant concern. Victims are recruited by promises of employment or access to education and generally trafficked from rural to urban areas to work as domestic laborers or in the commercial sex trade. Victims are lured from their villages by relatives, friends of friends, or employment agencies. Traffickers target commercial sex workers, would-be foreign workers, street children, HIV/AIDS and other orphans, rural-to-urban migrants, and refugees. Women and children are particularly vulnerable. Poverty, unemployment, HIV/AIDS, and the low status of women are among the root causes that render victims vulnerable to traffickers. The majority of these internal labor flows are a result of individuals seeking employment and better opportunities in order to survive. However, in some instances, individuals fall victim to traffickers and are exploited. Authorities and NGOs canvassed generally accept that Kenyan women play an active role in recruiting victims to the internal trafficking flow, while foreigners and Kenyan men are involved in external trafficking. Black market foreign employment agencies, brothel owners, or massage parlor operators also either traffic victims directly or benefit from established trafficking rings. Victims are believed to be trafficked through offers of false marriages, fraudulent adoption, false travel documents, and deceptive employment schemes. Examples of the government's political will to curb human trafficking and to better educate itself and the Kenyan people on the phenomenon are included throughout this report. ¶C. Limitations on GoK's Ability to Address TIP As demonstrated throughout this report, there is a significant level of political will to address the problem of human trafficking. However, the government's ongoing political crises and parliamentary paralysis, coupled with bilateral pressures on other issues, makes human trafficking an issue to which the GoK has difficulty consistently dedicating focus or resources. The civil service is understaffed and ill equipped. The judiciary is dysfunctional. The lack of employment opportunities continues to pressure Kenyans to seek employment in vulnerable contexts. Unemployment is estimated at 50 percent and more than 56 percent of the population survive on less than a dollar per day. The unique challenges posed by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the attendant dramatic social consequences, further undermine the government's ability to address trafficking. (NOTE: An estimated 6.7 percent of adult Kenyans are infected with HIV. END NOTE.) The dearth of data on East African human trafficking trends continues to place constraints on the Kenyan government's ability to accurately assess the extent to which its citizenry is vulnerable to victimization by human traffickers. Further, resource constraints inhibit the government's ability to adequately track trends or identify potential TIP networks or smuggling rings. Other worthy issues, such as combatting HIV/AIDS, compete with trafficking as parliament considers budget priorities, given steep budget deficits. Budget constraints and insufficient capacity generally dictate that the government detain and deport, rather than arrest and investigate. These same constraints often prevent Kenya from collaborating with "deportee nations" on follow-up investigations without significant donor community or "deportee nation" assistance. Corruption among law enforcement authorities and other officials also hampers the government's ability to effectively address human trafficking. ¶D. Inability to Monitor Anti-Trafficking Efforts The government's ability to systematically monitor its anti-trafficking efforts is severely constrained by lack of resources and capacity among the relevant agencies. (See I.C) II. PREVENTION ¶A. GoK Acknowledges TIP as Problem in Kenya The GoK widely acknowledges that human trafficking is an issue affecting Kenya. Numerous national and local level government officials have frequently spoken out about the dangers of human trafficking and sex tourism. Further, during the 7th Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organization conference, held in Mombassa, Kenyan Police Commissioner Hussein Ali acknowledged that human traffickers were increasingly using Kenya as a point of transit. Chief Justice Evan Gicheru made similar points at a two-day workshop on human trafficking for East African judges. ¶B. Various Levels of GoK Involved in Anti-Trafficking Efforts Numerous ministries have been involved in anti-trafficking efforts. The Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife and the Ministry of Home Affairs are actively involved in the development and implementation of a self-regulating code of conduct to protect children from tourism-related sexual exploitation. (See III.M) The Ministry of Labor and the Attorney General's office helped to implement the USG-funded ILO-IPEC time bound program targeting four fields of labor, all of which are TIP-susceptible. (See II.J) The Attorney General's office is assisting in the drafting of new anti-trafficking legislation. The Kenyan Police Service (KPS) is involved through its Criminal Intelligence Unit (CID) and Human Trafficking Unit (HTU) and has incorporated human trafficking awareness into its community policing training program. The Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Home Affairs are engaged in the registration of both domestic and Foreign Employment Agencies (FEA) and the provision of foreign-worker counseling. The Department of Immigration disseminated TIP/PISCES information and is actively pursuing new trafficking-specific legislation. (See III.A) ¶C. Public Awareness Campaigns The GoK widely disseminates anti-trafficking brochures, which include contact information for the 24-hour police hotline, the Police Children,s Desk, and several NGOs which facilitate victim assistance. The Ministry of Labor also conducts workers, rights counseling for Kenyan nationals working abroad. On the demand reduction side, the GoK is active in the establishment of a code of conduct for the tourism industry, which highlights the scourge of sex tourism in Kenya. (See III. M) ¶D. GoK Supports other Programs to Prevent Trafficking The government's provision of free primary education nationwide and the Ministry of Education's "mobile schools program" all indirectly contribute to prevent vulnerable populations from falling victim to human traffickers. Women's empowerment programs funded though the parliamentary constituency development fund serve to indirectly bolster the government's counter-trafficking efforts. (See II.B.) Further, due to concerns about the risk human trafficking poses to Kenyan nationals destined for work in the Middle East, the Office of Human Resources, Management, and Employment (OHRME),under the Minister of Labor, extended the mandate of its satellite office which seeks to track and assist Kenyan nationals employed in Saudi Arabia. Back home, OHRME implements a notable program of education, awareness, and inspection for all Foreign Employment Agencies. This program is being expanded to also include domestic employment agencies. The Central Bureau of Statistics is currently in the process of conducting a nationwide household survey that will identify instances of child labor, the results of which will be used to create a national advocacy strategy to redress circumstances which make children vulnerable to child labor (and human trafficking). The Children's Department in the Ministry of Home Affairs is supported by UNICEF to implement a cash subsidy project in select locations throughout Kenya targeting vulnerable children by improving the capacity of extended families to absorb and care for orphans, many of whom have lost parents to HIV/AIDS. (See also II.J) ¶F. GoK Cooperates with Civil Society to Address Trafficking The GoK increasingly cooperates, and often partners, with civil society to combat human trafficking. Of particular note is the collaboration between the Attorney General's office and civil society in the preparation of new anti-trafficking legislation. Various relevant ministries have participated in stakeholders meetings to provide input on the proposed bill. Additionally, the government has been active with civil society in promoting the adoption of a code of conduct for the tourism industry. (See III.M) ¶G. GoK Monitors Immigration and Emigration Patterns Immigration officials participated in the American Bar Association-sponsored training on human trafficking. (See III. H) The GoK utilizes TIP/PISCES software (provided by the USG) to scrutinize travelers who have been placed on a government-wide &stop list8 and plans to use the software to examine various smuggling routes which could be exploited by traffickers. IOM has been working with the Ministry of Immigration to implement a USG-funded Capacity Building in Migration Management Project to improve the ministry's capacity and professionalism, including the establishment of a training facility. Additional IOM efforts focus on improving awareness of border security issues among relevant authorities. These programs should also bolster immigration officials, capacity to address human trafficking issues. ¶H. GoK Mechanisms for Coordination with International and Multi-National Bodies There is no formally designated single point of contact in the GoK. However, IOM hosted a three-day anti-trafficking stakeholders workshop in November comprised of relevant government agencies and civil society. The workshop resulted in the creation of a task team and a network to facilitate GoK and civil society anti-trafficking efforts. Several anti-corruption entities exist in Kenya, some of which are charged with policy making, investigatory powers, or raising public awareness on corruption. ¶J. GoK Lacks a National Plan of Action The government does not yet have a formal national action plan on TIP. This is not due to a lack of political will but rather results from diverse priorities competing for government attention and limited resources. Other critical issues such as counter-terrorism do not yet have formalized national action plans either. However, at the workshop sponsored by IOM, a task team comprised of relevant government agencies and civil society was formed to develop a national plan of action. Additionally, the GoK, with assistance from the ILO/IPEC, formulated a national time bound program to prevent labor exploitation of children by developing a comprehensive framework to address the root causes of child labor (which also render children vulnerable to human trafficking.) The program aims to overhaul existing labor-related policies and legislation by domesticating numerous international conventions, harmonizing existing domestic legislation, and enacting safeguards in sectors susceptible to child labor (and trafficking). III. Investigation and Prosecution of Traffickers ¶A. Kenyan Anti-Trafficking Laws Kenya does not have a law specifically prohibiting trafficking in persons. However, traffickers can theoretically be prosecuted under existing legal provisions. The constitution of Kenya prohibits the practice of slavery. Further, the Penal Code prohibits the forced detention of women for the purposes of prostitution, and some trafficking offenses could be prosecuted under laws addressing child labor, abduction, attempted abduction, and the commercial and sexual exploitation of children. However, the GoK,s limited investigative and prosecutorial capacity impedes use of these legal provisions to prosecute suspected traffickers to the fullest extent. While Post believes the GoK is willing to prosecute cases of human trafficking, a comprehensive trafficking-specific legal framework is needed to adequately address the full scope of issues related to trafficking in persons and arm legal and law enforcement authorities with the necessary tools to successfully investigate, prosecute, and track cases of human trafficking. The GoK readily admits that such legislation is sorely needed to carry out an effective anti-trafficking campaign. Immigration officials lamented to Poloff that in the absence of specific anti-trafficking legislation, suspected traffickers can only be tried on related offenses, e.g., harboring aliens, which generally do not carry significant penalties. To address this shortcoming, in February, the Ministry of Immigration developed draft legislation that would criminalize human trafficking. The proposed bill suggests an equivalent USD 2,700 minimum fine and a minimum sentencing of ten years for trafficking in human beings. Several procedural stages remain before the bill is ready to be presented to parliament, but the ministry is very committed to pushing forward this initiative. Civil society, led by CRADLE (a child advocacy NGO),is pursuing a complementary initiative to develop a comprehensive legal framework to criminalize human trafficking and related activities (which would be broader in scope than the immigration-specific legislation noted above). Following input from a broad spectrum of stakeholders, including relevant government ministries, and with the assistance of the Attorney General's office, the draft bill is close to finalization and is expected to be presented to parliament later this year. (NOTE: Internal divisions in the government have slowed the legislative process to a near stand-still. There are numerous pieces of legislation proposed for consideration in the coming sessions of parliament. While many of these drafts are worthwhile and could pass a normally functioning parliament, we are doubtful that more than one or two bills will be passed in the remainder of this legislative session and cannot guarantee that trafficking legislation will fall within this fortunate minority. END NOTE.) ¶B. Penalties for Trafficking There are currently no specific penalties for human trafficking activities. ¶C. Penalties for Rape The current legislative framework supporting the state's prosecution of rape cases remains weak. Rape of a child under the age of 14 is classified as a lesser offense of "defilement," with a maximum penalty of 5 years imprisonment. The maximum penalty for rape is life imprisonment; however, actual time served is often less than ten years. Furthermore, prosecution of rape cases remains low due to cultural inhibitions, fear of retribution, and disinclination of police to intervene in domestic disputes. However, the proposed Sexual Offenses Bill (anticipated to be put before parliament this year) would amend and consolidate relevant laws relating to sexual offenses to enhance protection and to proscribe enhanced penalties for sexual offenses. The bill proposes a minimum 20-year sentence for rape and sexual assault. The bill also proposes a fifteen-year minimum sentence for human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation, and twenty years for child trafficking, regardless of the trafficker's purpose. (See Note, section III.A.) ¶D. Prostitution is Criminalized Under Kenyan law, prostitution in and of itself is considered a misdemeanor. The Penal Code defines the "living on the earnings8 of prostitution, for both men and woman, as a misdemeanor. However, fines are limited and jail time is rarely enforced. The activities of brothel owners or operators are also criminalized as a misdemeanor; however, the activities of clients are not criminalized under Kenyan law. The proposed CRADLE anti-trafficking bill would impose a minimum sentence of five years imprisonment and/or fine of not less than USD equivalent 2.70 for engaging the services of trafficked persons for prostitution. ¶E. GoK Limited in Ability to Investigate and Prosecute Trafficking The current legal and law enforcement structure makes compiling broad-spectrum statistics virtually impossible. Edward Muchori, Deputy Commissioner of Police, Operations and Investigations, CID, explained to Poloff that in the absence of an anti-trafficking statute, the KPS does not identify trafficking-related crimes as such. Rather, trafficking crimes are filed as rape, abduction, kidnapping, etc., and therefore the GoK is not able to provide accurate information on the number of human trafficking-related investigations or prosecutions. As a result, explained Muchori, the Anti-Human Trafficking unit cannot report any investigations into human trafficking cases during the period covered by this report. The existing legal structure (see III. A ) coupled with competing priorities for limited resources have further hindered investigation and prosecutions. Muchori emphasized the need for awareness and sensitization training for officers in the field to assist them in identifying cases of trafficking as such. Immigration authorities are generally more involved in suspected trafficking cases. Immigration officials reported several cases of suspected trafficking during the course of the year covered in this report. However, in the absence of offenses specifically defined as trafficking, suspects are charged with other offenses, rendering distinction between human smuggling and trafficking rather difficult. Case in point, a French national was found to be smuggling (or trafficking) several Chinese nationals. He was charged and convicted of harboring aliens and subsequently deported. ¶F. Those Behind the Trafficking Concrete evidence of who is behind human trafficking in Kenya is unavailable. Anecdotal evidence and first-person accounts indicate that freelancers, members of organized crime syndicates, employment agencies, and marriage brokers are involved in trafficking. Ministry of Tourism officials believe that some tour operators may cater to sex tourists. Black market or unregistered Foreign Employment Agencies (FEA) have facilitated the trafficking of Kenyan nationals to Middle Eastern nations, notably Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Lebanon, and collect profits from such trafficking. There are no reports of government collusion in human trafficking. ¶G. Active Investigation of Trafficking (See III.E) The use of electronic surveillance, under-cover operations, and the use of informants are not prohibited under Kenyan law. Covert operations are permissible. In some instances, Kenyan law allows suspects to benefit from mitigated punishment or immunity in exchange for continued cooperation during ongoing investigations. ¶H. Specialized Trainings Provided The GoK collaborated with the American Bar Association to develop and conduct a training-of-trainers seminar on human trafficking for police and immigration officials. The project is in the process of developing a human trafficking training manual, which will be used to institutionalize trafficking-related issues into training continuums for police, immigration, and registration officers. The Ministry of Labor conducted workshops to sensitize domestic and foreign employment agencies on human trafficking issues. Chief Justice Evan Gicheru acknowledged the need for more training on human trafficking for legal and law enforcement authorities. (See II.A) ¶I. Cooperative Investigations The GoK has expressed interest and willingness to cooperate with other nations in trafficking investigations. Ministry of Labor officials toured Middle Eastern nations, where an estimated 20-30,000 Kenyans are employed, and met with employment agencies and diplomatic missions to assess the human trafficking threat to Kenyan nationals in those nations and to raise awareness levels on human trafficking. The Ministry of Immigration frequently collaborates with diplomatic missions in Kenya to facilitate the authentication of travel documents in suspected trafficking cases and the repatriation of possible trafficking victims. However, according to Muchiro, no collaborative investigations took place with the CID in the year covered by this report. ¶J. GoK Extradition/Deportation of Traffickers The GoK did not extradite nor deport persons charged with trafficking during the year covered by this report, though no provisions in Kenyan law prohibit such action. Nor is there any legal obstacle to the extradition of Kenyan nationals under Kenyan law. However, a French national was deported for a trafficking-related offense, though it remains unclear if his activities constituted human trafficking or smuggling. (See III.E) ¶K. GoK Does Not Tolerate Trafficking There is not evidence to suggest that the GoK is in anyway involved in or tolerates human trafficking. ¶M. Child Sex Tourism There were no pedophiles prosecuted or deported this year. Kenya's child sexual abuse laws do not have extraterritorial coverage. UNICEF and End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes (ECPAT) have been working with the GoK and civil society to promote the adoption and implementation of the Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation for the tourism industry. In February, 30 members of the Kenya Hotelkeepers and Caterers Association signed onto the Code under the auspices of the Minister for Tourism. ¶N. International Treaties Kenya ratified the ILO Convention 182 on May 7, 2001. On September 8, 2000, Kenya signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution, and child pornography. Kenya acceded to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime on January 5, 2005. IV. GOK Protection and Assistance to Victims ¶A. Victim Assistance Programs The GoK's ability to develop assistance programs and provide services for victims of trafficking is severely limited due to insufficient capacity among government service providers, a dearth of resources, and insufficient training. However, all of the government officials with whom Poloff discussed these issues readily recognized the need for expansion into this area and expressed a strong willingness to be more involved. Insufficient recourses are repeatedly cited as the number one reason that more government assistance has not been forthcoming. At a national level, the GoK does not specifically provide victims of human trafficking shelter, access to medical or social services, or afford temporary or permanent residence status. However, government plans for the creation of three victim assistance recovery shelters have recently been approved under a GOK-initiated sector-wide reform program targeting the legal sector, called the Governance, Justice, Law and Order Sector (GJLOS) Reform Program. The GoK provides street children (often victims of trafficking and sexual exploitation) with shelter and access to medical and psychological services. The government has also established District Advisory Children,s Centers throughout the nation that administer psycho-social services, medial and educational assistance, and foster programs for at-risk, orphaned, or abandoned children. The government provides consular services to Kenyan nationals who have been victims of human trafficking seeking repatriation. Several civil society organizations provide repatriation assistance to trafficking victims in close collaboration with national-level governmental authorities. NGOs also provide trafficking victims with legal assistance, shelter, and medical and psychological services. In many instances, these NGOs work in consultation with local government authorities. ¶B. GoK Assistance to NGOs The GoK pays dues to IOM and ILO-IPEC, and coordinates donor funding to NGOs active in the reform of the judiciary under GJLOS. ¶C. GoK Screening and Referrals While no formal screening or referral processes exist, NGOs providing victim assistance report good relations with local authorities who refer victims to their care. Local-level working relationships between government and civil society are generally quite strong. ¶D. Respect for Victim's Rights Trafficking victims are reportedly not often treated as criminals. However, foreign victims discovered in Kenya are frequently detained for short periods of time and deported. They also may face the possibility of immigration penalties, such as unlawful presence or failure to produce a passport, each carrying a fine equivalent to USD 270 and/or one-year jail sentence. The GoK facilitates consular assistance for foreign victims. Trafficking victims involved in prostitution can face both fines and prosecution, though in practice, they are frequently only fined. The fine for engaging in prostitution is KSH 1,300, approximately USD 17.50. ¶E. Victim Involvement in Prosecutions Victims are able to assist the government in related investigations and prosecutions. Trafficked persons are able to file civil suits against pimps, but such action is rare in practice. Foreign victims are usually deported before conclusion of investigations due to a lack of resources, limited capacity, and an absence of trafficking related offenses for which victims could assist in the investigation and prosecution. General dysfunction and delays within the judiciary present a significant hurdle to accessing legal redress for victims. The proposed CRADLE anti-trafficking bill would allow for victim restitution, which is not provided for under existing laws. ¶F. Witness Protection Formal witness protection programs do not exist in Kenya. In theory, protection can be arranged through the Kenya Police Service, but this seldom occurs in practice. Due to continued parliamentary paralysis, a bill creating a formal witness protection program (tabled in parliament in 2004) continues to languish. (NOTE: The Kenyan parliament succeeded in passing only two pieces of legislation during the year covered by this report. END NOTE.) The GoK recognizes the need for greater victim assistance programs, however resource constraints inhibit greater development in this field. Child victims are placed under the care of local level children officers and placed in child homes or rehabilitation schools, where they receive basic counseling services. (See IV.A) ¶G. GoK Training (See III.H and I) ¶H. GoK Assistance to Repatriated Kenyans The GoK does not provide direct financial assistance to repatriated victims. Shelter is not currently provided specifically for trafficking victims, however the government plans to do so in the future. (See IV.A) The GoK collaborates with civil society, as funds and resources allow, and based on the extent to which civil society or victims inform the government of a need for assistance or collaboration. ¶I. IOs and NGOs Assist Victims There are a variety of NGOs active, to varying degrees, in human trafficking and trafficking-related issues. Most of these NGOs are engaged in the area of sensitization and concentrate their efforts on public awareness campaigns, gender equity issues, the economic advancement of women, and women's and children's advocacy and outreach. Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA-Kenya),Solidarity with Women in Distress (SOLWADI),CRADLE, and Solidarity with Daughters in Distress (SOLDIDI) work directly with trafficking victims and are active in the repatriation (both internationally and within Kenya) of trafficking victims and providing social and legal assistance. In addition, CRADLE and FIDA-Kenya are actively engaged in promoting legal reform that would introduce a comprehensive trafficking-specific statute. NGOs report positive working relations with the government. (See IV.A) ¶3. (U) Poloff Melissa A. Sweeney (rank:03) spent approximately 87 hours in the preparation of this report. She can be reached at (254) 20-363-6186 (office) or (254) 722-200-167, fax: (254) 20-363-3329. The following individuals also contributed to preparation of this report: Econoff (rank:02) spent 2.5 hours; PolCons (rank:02) spent hours; Deputy PolCons (rank:02) spent 1.5 hours; Consul General (rank:OC) spent .5 hour; Staff Assistant (rank:04) spent 1 hour; DHS/IOC (rank: GS-12) spent .5 hours; RSO/TIP Pisces Coordinator (contractor) spent .5 hours; Deputy Chief of Mission (rank:FEMC) spent .5 hours. BELLAMY