COMPLIANCE DIPLOMACY VISIT TO DAR ES SALAAM: DR.

UNCLAS DAR ES SALAAM 001059 SIPDIS SIPDIS S/VCI FOR HHEINTZELMAN AND KWALKIN, AF/E FOR BYODER E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: PHARM UNGA CDG NPT IAEA CWC OPCW SUBJECT: COMPLIANCE DIPLOMACY VISIT TO DAR ES SALAAM: DR. CHRISTOPHER A. FORD, PDAS/VCI ¶1. (U) SUMMARY: VCI/PDAS Ford and his VCI team visited Dar es Salaam June 19-23, 2006, to hold compliance diplomacy discussions with key host country interlocutors and embassy staff on the U. S. approach to verification, compliance assessment, and compliance enforcement of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements and commitments related to WMD and missiles. Dar es Salaam was the first stop on his compliance diplomacy tour that will include Pretoria, Accra, and Banjul. In Banjul, he will attend the African Union (AU) Summit meeting where he will meet with officials from as many additional African states as scheduling permits. He is emphasizing those states that have seats on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) or those that are, or could be, important regional voices on nonproliferation issues. ¶2. (U) All meetings in Dar es Salaam were positive, with officials indicating they agreed that U.S.-Tanzanian relations were at a very good point (and improving), understood the U.S. views on compliance policy issues, and looked forward to working with the U.S. to improve cooperation and coordination in such matters. They also expressed their appreciation for the United States, interest in whether Tanzania had any need for U.S. assistance with compliance-related issues. In this regard, the Defense Minister specifically requested U.S. help with drafting implementing legislation for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). MFA officials echoed that need. Officials from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology also noted that they would be interested in more specifically bilateral (as opposed to IAEA) assistance on nuclear-related issues, especially in the areas of nuclear safety and security. END SUMMARY. DISCUSSION ¶3. (U) Meetings were held with Ministers and with senior officials at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (twice), Ministry of Defense and National Service, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, and the President,s Office. Discussions on the Tanzanian side were led by the Minister, or the most senior official present. It should be noted that the Tanzanians viewed the meetings as important and in spite of the fact that Parliament was meeting in another city (Dodoma),Minister of Defense Kapuya and other- ;e~i["kvNa=(6Q/:QDQgQQ ¶4. (U) At all meetings the PDAS and the delegation opened discussions by emphasizing that this compliance diplomacy visit was not a criticism of Tanzanian compliance with its arms control and nonproliferation treaty obligations, but rather a recognition of Tanzania,s commitment to good international citizenship in trying to implement internal compliance policies vis-a-vis the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT),e.g., bringing into force the Additional Protocol, implementing the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials, moving forward with declarations and other steps under the CWC, and subscribing to the Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC) on missile proliferation. The delegation said that Tanzania,s good example in these respects helped make it a model for other States, particularly its African neighbors, and provided a good foundation upon which to build a closer cooperative relationship in developing and implementing compliance policies in the multilateral arena, i.e., working together better to ensure that nonproliferation regimes successfully address the compliance challenges that confront them today. Such successful cooperation, the U.S. representatives told the Tanzanians, was the key to ensuring that nonproliferation regimes yielded their intended benefits to all parties. ¶5. (U) The Tanzanians, for their part, all emphasized that they were a poor nation that did not possess missiles or WMD and had as its primary concerns improving the economic and energy situation and eliminating poverty. Nevertheless, they stressed their commitment to and successes in complying with nonproliferation regimes, and welcomed the prospect of working more closely with the United States, both internationally and (in particular) with regard to U.S. assistance in capacity-building in Tanzania. Initially, most officials seemed concerned that the purpose of the trip was to chastise them for some compliance shortfall or to raise concerns about a potential WMD program, but warmed markedly when it became clear that the U.S. delegation instead sought to initiate an ongoing dialogue on compliance policy issues. All meetings included broad discussions of the role of compliance policy in preserving the integrity of nonproliferation regimes and in ensuring that all States Party obtain the security and other benefits of such regimes, and of the need for effective multilateral cooperation in meeting contemporary compliance challenges. ¶6. (U) The U.S. delegation emphasized that all States Party bear a responsibility in this regard, and that all nations can contribute to verification efforts and the development of sound compliance policy in some way or another. Countries such as Tanzania, for example, serve as role models for internal compliance and credible voices in international fora in support of collective compliance policy efforts to return violators to compliance and deter future would-be proliferators. (The U.S. delegation provided the Tanzanians with copies of VCI Bureau compliance fact sheets, relevant papers, and the unclassified NCR for 2002-3 in both CD-ROM and hard copy format.) The Tanzanians expressed interest in working together more closely in these regards, but stressed that they have few resources. All meetings included Tanzanian expressions of interest in U.S. assistance for capacity-building and domestic compliance assistance. ¶7. (U) In a meeting with members of the U.S. delegation prior to Ford,s arrival, Ambassador Mulamula, head of the Multilateral Division of the MFA observed that during Tanzania,s tenure on the UNSC, it had noted that there were differences of opinion in relation to nonproliferation and disarmament issues between developed and less-developed countries, and between nuclear possessor states and those that were non-possessors. She said Tanzania hoped that common ground could be achieved. She was especially hopeful that nations would properly respond to the obligations under UNSCR 1540. The U.S. delegation indicated that the United States stood ready to assist nations in meeting all their compliance obligations, noting in particular the example of U.S. help for Libya vis-a-vis the CWC and other WMD-related agreements. Mulamula and MFA Acting Legal Advisor Caroline Kitana said that Tanzania was not sure how to approach the challenge of adopting proper legal procedures for CWC compliance, and would benefit from U.S. help. Mulamula also indicated that Tanzania intended to ratify the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). The Tanzanians voiced some concerns regarding U.S. compliance with Article VI of the NPT. The U.S. delegation responded that the United States took its Article VI obligations seriously and had an excellent record in that respect, that other nations had Article VI obligations and that this issue should not distract countries from the Article II challenges existing today. In response, Mulamula said she had also raised the issue with the UK and observed that more U.S. transparency on Article VI issues would be beneficial. In discussing the NPT, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),and Iran, Mulamula said that she did not understand why the IAEA was not more willing, as a technical agency, to "take a stand" against noncompliance. ¶8. (U) In meetings with the MFA, Ministry of Defense and National Service, and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology, multiple Tanzanian officials indicated that they would like to obtain capacity-building assistance (or, in cases in which assistance efforts currently exist, greater assistance) in several areas including development of CWC-implementing legislation and declarations, control of small arms/light weapons (SA/LW), radiation detection equipment to deal with nuclear materials traffic, export controls, combating WMD terrorism, and radiation detection equipment to deal with nuclear materials traffic. The Minister of Defense and officials from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology both stressed that Tanzania had discovered incidents of illicit nuclear materials trafficking, the latter officials saying that ten (10) such incidents had occurred, and the Minister of Defense stressing one incident in particular, and recognized the danger of such trade and its potential nexus with terrorism. They also expressed concern about potential dangers to Tanzanian first-responders (e.g., investigators, customs officials, and police) from nuclear trafficking. ¶9. (U) Minister of Defense Kapuya was especially interested in the prospect of U.S. assistance for Tanzania,s compliance with CWC obligations, for which his Ministry is now responsible. Officials present at the Ministry of Defense meeting also included the Tanzanian colonel designated to serve as the government,s interim National Authority for CWC issues. This officer indicated privately that his military counterpart for nuclear issues would also be interested in working more closely with the United States. Minister Kapuya requested that the U.S. provide any model legislation that Tanzania could use in preparing its national implementing legislation for the CWC. (Mulamula had made a similar request, suggesting that such assistance would facilitate their efforts to engage parliament on this issue.) ¶10. (U) In discussions with the Ministries of Defense and National Service and Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Tanzanian comments alluded to their hope, at some point in the future, for cooperation on nuclear technology including nuclear power generation and the disposal of nuclear waste. Ruth H. Mollel, Permanent Secretary for Public Service Management in the President,s Office and an official reportedly very close to President Kikwete, also pointedly noted that Tanzania has "uranium, lots of it," and multiple officials noted Tanzania,s great need for affordable energy. ¶11. (U) PDAS Ford said that he welcomed Tanzania,s interest in assistance in capacity-building related to compliance and nonproliferation-related issues, and described various efforts that exist (e.g., for help with CWC declarations and legislation, export control, SA/LW destruction, WMD Terrorism-related capacity-building, and nuclear materials security). He said he and the post would work to ensure that all such requests for additional assistance were passed along to the appropriate USG office. COMPLIANCY DIPLOMACY PARTICIPANTS ¶12. (U) The U.S. delegation, led by VCI Bureau PDAS Dr. Christopher Ford, consisted of VCI Senior Advisor for Noncompliance Harry Heintzelman, VCI Regional Coordinator for Africa Karolina Walkin, and VCI/CCA Physical Science Officer and Tanzania coordinator Dr. Donald Clagett. U.S. Embassy Dar es Salaam was represented by Maureen Latour, Political Officer. ¶13. (U) Tanzanian officers and officials with whom discussions in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) included: Ambassador Charles Mutalemwa, Permanent Secretary (PS); Ambassador Liberata Mulamula, Head of the Multilateral Division; Caroline Kitana, Head of the Legal Affairs Unit; Adadi Rajab, former Director of Criminal Investigation; and Deus Boniface Kaganda, UN Desk Officer. ¶14. (U) Discussions with the Ministry of Defense and National Service included: Minister of Defense Juma Kapuya; ¶M. S. Msongo, Advisor; Maj. Gen. A.Shimbo, Chief of Military Intelligence; Brig. Gen. A. L. Mbowe, Acting Commissioner of Policy and Planning; Col. X. S. Mapunda, HQ Staff Officer; and Col. C. N. Muzanila, Chief of Staff and Acting Director of Military Personnel. ¶15. (U) Discussions with the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology included: Celestine Gesimba, Director of Policy and Planning; Titus Mteleka, Assistant Permanent Secretary (PS) and Director of Science and Technology; SIPDIS Abraham Nyanda, Director of the Atomic Energy Commission; Margareth M. Komba, Senior Science and Technology Management Officer; and Ms Mkaula, Science and Technology Officer. ¶16. (U) Discussions with the Office of the President included: Ruth H. Mollel, Permanent Secretary for Public Service Management; George Yambesi, Deputy Permanent Secretary; Emmanuel Mlay, Assistant Director, Establishment; SIPDIS and Dr. Issa, Director of Human Resource Development. ¶17. (U) Tanzanians who attended the DCM-hosted reception included: Liberata Mulamula, Caroline Kitana, and America Desk Officers Yusuph Mndolwa and Hemed Mgaza of the MFA; Minister of Defense Kapuya; Director of the Centre for Foreign Relations Professor Abillah Omari; and Titus Mteleka, Assistant Permanent Secretary (PS) and Director of Science and Technology. WHITE