Bill Gives President VAT Increase Authority

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 MANILA 002167 SIPDIS Sensitive STATE FOR EAP/PMBS, EAP/EP, EB/IFD STATE ALSO PASS EXIM, OPIC, AND USTR STATE ALSO PASS USAID FOR AA/ANE, AA/EGAT, DAA/ANE TREASURY FOR OASIA USDOC FOR 4430 ITA/MAC/ASIA & PAC/KOREA & SE ASIA/ASEAN E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: EFIN ECON EINV PGOV RP SUBJECT: Bill Gives President VAT Increase Authority REFS: A) Manila 1840 B) Manila 1839 C) Manila 0646 Sensitive but Unclassified - Protect accordingly. ¶1. (U) Summary: Congress ratified final language this week that keeps the value added tax (VAT) rate at 10% but mandates the President to raise the VAT rate to 12% in ¶2006. President Arroyo will sign the legislation next week and promised to approve the VAT hike in January. The bill eliminates VAT exemptions on many sectors, including electricity, but allows power companies to pass the tax on to their customers (Ref B). Other measures expected to raise revenue but discourage investment include an increase in the corporate income tax from 32% to 35% until 2009 and a five-year reimbursement period for VAT on capital inputs. The GRP expects full-year incremental revenues to exceed 100 billion pesos ($1.8 billion) when the VAT rate is raised to 12%, helping the country reduce its budget deficit and avert a fiscal crisis. End Summary. ¶2. (U) On May 10, after nearly a month of deliberations, the bicameral conference committee tackling the proposed value added tax (VAT) legislation agreed on a "reconciled" House and Senate proposal. The Senate subsequently ratified the measure later that day and the House of Representatives on May 11. President Macapagal-Arroyo is expected to sign the legislation into law next week. The legislation maintains the VAT rate at a uniform 10%, as proposed by the Senate, but gives the President conditional authority to raise the VAT to 12% effective January 2006 to placate the House, which argued vehemently in support of the higher rate. The President "shall" raise the rate if 2004-05 VAT collections as a percentage of GDP exceeds 2.8% (as proof that the GDP is collecting VAT efficiently),or if the 2005 National Government deficit as a percentage of GDP exceeds 1.5%. -------------- -------------- Exemptions Lifted But "No Pass Through" Disallowed -------------- -------------- ¶3. (U) The reconciled bill eliminates the VAT-exempt status of certain non-food agricultural products; the sale or import of coal, natural gas, and petroleum �0A;products; the sale or import of raw materials to make petroleum products; the import by transport operators of passenger or cargo shipping vessels of more than 5,000 tons; sales by the artist of literary works and musical compositions; sales by electric cooperatives; and services rendered by doctors of medicine and lawyers. Sales of power generation companies, which are currently zero-rated, are subject to VAT, as are sales of power transmission and distribution companies, which are currently VAT-exempt. The bill scraps the provisions in both the Senate and House versions to prevent power generation and transmission companies from passing the VAT on to their customers. To temper the impact of VAT on fuel and electricity rates, the bill repeals the 2% franchise tax on electric utilities; reduces the excise tax per liter of regular gasoline to 4.35 pesos (from 4.80 pesos); and scraps the excise taxes on bunker fuel, diesel, kerosene, and natural gas. -------------- Corporate Income Tax Raised -------------- ¶4. (U) To compensate for maintaining the VAT rate at 10%, the legislation adopted the Senate's proposals to raise revenues from other taxes. The bill raised the country's already-high corporate income tax rate from 32% to 35% until 2009. Although local chambers of commerce supported an increase in the VAT rate, they warned that the higher corporate tax will hurt local companies and discourage new investment. In another disincentive to investors, the bill staggers credits on input VAT paid on capital equipment over a five-year period. The telecommunications industry and other capital-intensive sectors opposed this provision as a de facto interest- free loan from the private sector to the Government. The bill lifts VAT exemptions on domestic passenger and cargo services in exchange for scrapping the 3% tax on passenger transport. The bill also increases the gross receipts tax from 5% to 7% on certain bank and financial intermediary revenues (such as royalties, property rentals, and net trading gains on foreign currency, debt securities, derivatives, and similar instruments). -------------- President Promises to Raise VAT to 12% -------------- ¶5. (U) When signed and implemented, the Department of Finance (DOF) hopes to raise about 29 billion pesos ($535 million) from the new VAT law during the second half of ¶2005. Full-year incremental revenues have been estimated at 58 billion pesos ($1.1 billion),assuming a VAT rate of 10%. DOF officials told econoff that any one of the conditions to increase the VAT rate to 12% by 2006 was "easily achievable." The Government registered a tax-VAT- to-GDP ratio of 2.9% during 2004, which the officials expected to improve further with the incremental revenues expected from the new VAT law during the second half of ¶2005. The National Government deficit during 2004 equaled 3.9% of GDP and, although expected to improve during 2005, is not likely to decline to 1.5% of GDP during the year. DOF officials estimate that increasing the VAT rate to 12% would boost incremental annual revenues to over 100 billion pesos ($1.8 billion). ¶6. (SBU) In a statement following House passage of the revised VAT bill, President Arroyo promised to use her authority to increase the VAT rate to 12% in January. DOF officials noted that House Ways and Means Chair Jesli Lapus had stressed in bicameral committee meetings that the language stating that the President "shall" (versus "may") raise the VAT rate after specified conditions are met should be interpreted as a directive rather than an option. Opposition legislators threatened to challenge the constitutionality of the provision for standby authority, arguing that this unduly delegated legislative powers to the President. Finance officials and a member of the President's Legislative Liaison Office told econoff that the constitutional challenge was unlikely to succeed as there are precedents granting the President similar standby authority under the Philippines' National Internal Revenue Code. -------------- Comment -------------- ¶7. (SBU) Although it took months longer than expected and morphed from a simple VAT rate increase to encompass many other taxes, the legislation is a critical step in the GRP's efforts to avert a fiscal crisis and restore its financial credibility. After promising last July to increase annual revenue by 80 billion pesos ($1.5 billion) from tax legislation, Congress has only passed a watered-down law to raise excise taxes on alcohol, cigarettes, and tobacco (ACT),and a law rewarding and punishing employee performance in revenue collection agencies. The expected incremental revenues from these laws and the new bill could exceed 120 billion pesos ($2.2 billion) starting in 2006, and could help the GRP achieve deficit-reduction targets sooner. The GRP discarded the "no pass-through" to consumers on the electricity VAT, a provision that would have wiped out profits for power producers. The increase in corporate income tax and staggered VAT input reimbursement may dissuade investors from coming or remaining. By setting easy criteria to meet, the members of Congress running for re-election in 2007 will share the political costs of the VAT hike with President Arroyo. Congress is expected to take up one last revenue-enhancement measure this year - the rationalization of fiscal incentives. Ricciardone