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| Identifier | Created | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| 04CARACAS2907 | 2004-09-17 16:17:00 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Caracas |
Cable title:
THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET - THERE OUGHTTA BE A LAW
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1. (C) In 2003, a bill was introduced in the National
Assembly to punish violations of the newly created foreign exchange controls. The proposed text was harsh and has not progressed far since its introduction, but there are indications that it will be up for discussion in the session that began September 15. Pro-GOV members of the National Assembly Finance Committee provided us with a copy of the most recent draft. While the name has been softened and the penalties reduced, it still seeks to criminalize relatively minor financial transactions. Meanwhile, actual liquidations of foreign exchange in August reached their highest amount since the controls were instituted. Merely having under consideration a law criminalizing parallel market transactions allows the GOV to intimidate the private sector. If the final version is similar to the most recent draft, it will be a blow to any hopes for serious business-government dialogue. END SUMMARY. -------------------------- WHERE IT STANDS NOW -------------------------- 2. (C) Shortly after the GOV imposed foreign exchange controls and set up a new government agency (The Foreign Exchange Control Administration, CADIVI) to monitor them in February 2003, it introduced a draft "Law of Foreign Exchange Crimes" to impose criminal penalties for violations of the new regime. After languishing for over a year, the bill passed its first reading in May 2004. Since then, it has not moved forward, as legislators focused on legislation to change Venezuela's Supreme Court. However, contacts have told us recently that a new version of the bill, which the Chavista majority could quickly pass into law, will be ready soon. 3. (SBU) The text approved in the first reading is posted on the National Assembly website, and is both harsh and full of vitriolic language. It calls for a 5-10 year prison sentence and (not/not or) a fine for simply buying/selling over USD 1000 on the black market. The "Exposition of Motives" (EOM) repeatedly describes unspecified acts (implied to be any foreign exchange transaction not conducted via official channels) as "malignant," directly damaging the economic order," and defining them as "criminal," even while acknowledging that there are no pre-existing penalties for such acts. It highlights the "drastic and sustained shrinking of international reserves" which gave rise to controls and speaks of the "necessity and urgency" of establishing penalties for violating them. -------------------------- WHERE IT'S GOING NEXT -------------------------- 4. (C) National Assembly Finance Committee Chairman Rodrigo Cabezas and fellow committee member Jose Sanguino (both of the pro-Chavez Fifth Republic Movement, MVR) told econcouns on September 9 that the bill was currently awaiting action by a sub-committee (Note: the Assembly returned to work on September 15). They said that some obstacles in the text had already been worked out, such as significantly raising the USD 1000 minimum transaction that will be considered a criminal act, but implied that the final version would encompass all qualifying transactions not approved by CADIVI. The bill now bears the somewhat less polemical title of "Law of Illicit Exchange Activities," rather than "Crimes." Cabezas said Colombia, where foreign exchange transactions are free but registered, could be a model. Sanguino indicated they wanted to avoid events like during the 1994 banking crisis, when people were known to have taken "suitcases full of cash" out of the country without consequence, since there was then no law against it. Econcouns stressed that businesses needed the flexibility provided by being able to transfer money predictably, and Cabezas asserted that there were now fewer obstacles and bottlenecks in the CADIVI process. 5. (C) Econcouns requested a copy of the most recent draft, which post received from Cabezas on September 17. Despite the softer name, it still calls for prison sentences (now of two to six years) for individuals who exchange USD 4000 or more, or businesses that exchange USD 9000, outside of CADIVI procedures. It also requires declarations of the import or export of such amounts, except for temporary visitors, though they are not exempt from the requirement to use official exchange mechanisms and penalties for failure to do so. The "Exposition of Motives" has been toned down, but a new section blames circumvention of the exchange regime for "producing a devastating effect on the key economic variables, such as increased inflation, interest rates, a diminishing of the credibility and financial stability of the Republic as a potential destination of investment and capital." -------------------------- WHAT IT COULD DO -------------------------- 6. (C) Meanwhile, it is unclear how this proposed law may eventually affect GOV activities. The Ministry of Finance has been selling dollar-denominated bonds, structured so that investors can buy in part them with dollars obtained at the official rate and re-sell them at the parallel market exchange rate (see ref B). The Finance Ministry has recently obtained legislative authority to borrow an additional USD 1.5 billion. Perhaps wanting to retain the option of structuring further transactions in the same way as past ones, Finance Minister Nobrega has publicly referred to the idea of such a law as "complicated." Venezuelan-American Chamber of Commerce legal analyst Bernardo Galavis told econoff August 31 that he believes the version of the bill that will come out of the "second reading" will essentially be written by the Ministry of Finance. Alejandro Dopazo, head of the Public Credit Office at the Ministry of Finance, attempted to downplay the influence his Ministry had on the process, but opined to econoff on September 2 that the final version of the bill will be watered down. -------------------------- STATUS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE REQUESTS -------------------------- 7. (U) In the meantime, while the business sector views with concern the possible imposition of criminal penalties for exchange violations, there are fewer complaints about CADIVI operations than at any previous time. While there are individual cases with problems, the majority of businesses seem to be getting as much exchange as they need. Actual liquidations reached a high of USD 63.9 million per day in August, up 11% over July, 37% over the first half of 2004 and 71% from the fourth quarter of 2003, as ever more of Venezuela's foreign exchange needs are met through the official system as opposed to the parallel market. -------------------------- COMMENT -------------------------- 8. (C) There are conflicting signals coming from the National Assembly and the Finance Ministry as to what the law will contain and when it will move forward. Criminalizing foreign exchange activities, nonetheless, has not been among the legislative priorities enunciated publicly by President Chavez and his leading legislators; but for the GOV, the threat of such legislation offers the same intimidation quotient as a law at this time. Also, pushing the legislative agenda would compete with the GOV's high profile outreach program to the business community which has included large public meetings between Chavez and businessmen, as well as smaller meetings on his part and that of ministers with the leaders of individual sectoral business associations (while umbrella private sector association FEDECAMARAS remains frozen out). The GOV's message appears to be that, while there is no room for business community activism on "political" issues, the GOV is prepared for dialogue and compromise on purely "economic" ones. Should the most recent draft of this bill become law, that message would be severely undermined. Brownfield NNNN 2004CARACA02907 - CONFIDENTIAL |