ITALIAN WHITE PAPER ON AGRICULTURAL

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 ROME 001457 SIPDIS STATE PASS USDA FOR HEGWOOD USDA FOR FAS/OA/TERPSTRA AND SLUTSKY; ITP/SHEIKH AND MACKE; FAA/NE/WILSON; DOS/EB/TPP/ATT; EUR/ERA; E-ASHUM; EB-GADSDEN E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: EAGR ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU IT ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA SUBJECT: ITALIAN WHITE PAPER ON AGRICULTURAL UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 ROME 01457 01 OF 04 211632Z BIOTECHNOLOGY ¶1. SUMMARY: AN UNDATED WHITE PAPER ENTITLED "TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS AND AGRICULTURE: A TIME FOR CHOICES" WAS PUT INTO CIRCULATION IN ITALY AFTER MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE GIANNI ALEMANNO PRESENTED AN OUTLINE OF THIS STRATEGY AT AN AGRICULTURAL FAIR IN THE SECOND WEEK OF MARCH. THIS PAPER RECOUNTS THE HISTORY OF AND DEFENDS THE ITALIAN BAN ON FOUR EU-APPROVED GM CORN VARIETIES AND SUGGESTS IT BE CONTINUED UNDER PLANNED EU RULE CHANGES. FURTHERMORE, THE PAPER SUGGESTS NATIONAL LEGISLATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED THAT WOULD RESTRICT THE ITALIAN MARKET TO BIOTECHNOLOGY BEYOND PROPOSED EU NORMS. IT EMPHASIZES THE NEED FOR TRACEABILITY AND LABELING LAWS. ¶2. THE PAPER ARGUES THAT THE UNIQUE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY, THE SMALL AGRICULTURAL LAND HOLDINGS WHICH BORDER ON ONE ANOTHER AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, AND THE NEED TO PRESERVE REGIONAL AND TYPICAL PRODUCTS OF HIGH VALUE IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MARKETS MEANS THAT THE MARKET NICHE HELD BY ITALIAN QUALITY PRODUCTS COULD BE DAMAGED BY THE INTRODUCTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. CONVERSELY, A DECISION TO MAKE ITALIAN AGRICULTURE GMO FREE, COULD STRENGTHEN THE NICHE MARKET OCCUPIED BY ITALIAN QUALITY PRODUCTS. END SUMMARY UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 03 ROME 01457 01 OF 04 211632Z ¶3. THE PAPER CAME TO US FROM ASSOBIOTEC AND MONSANTO, ORIGINATING FROM THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE U/S AMBROSIO. WE UNDERSTAND THAT THE PAPER WILL BE USED TO INITIATE A PUBLIC DEBATE IN PARLIAMENT TOWARD THE END OF APRIL. COMMENT: BECAUSE THERE ARE FEW POLITICIANS WHO WILL RISK TAKING A POSITION AGAINST THE ANTI-BIOTECH CROWD, ONCE DEBATED PUBLICLY IN PARLIAMENT IT WILL BE HARD TO ENLIST SUCH SUPPORT. IF DEBATE TRANSFORMS THE PAPER INTO GOI POLICY BY LEGISLATION OR DECREE, IT THREATENS, AT A MINIMUM, U.S. SOY AND CORN SEED IMPORTS, AND SOYBEAN AND MEAL IMPORTS, WORTH ABOUT DOLS 150 MILLION, OR ABOUT ONE FOURTH OF THE VALUE OF U.S. FOOD AND FEED EXPORT MARKET TO ITALY. END COMMENT. EMBASSY ROME IS CONFERRING WITH INTERLOCUTORS AND IN A SEPTEL WILL REPORT THE REACTION OF FARM INTEREST GROUPS. POST HAS EXPRESSED CONCERNS ABOUT THE PAPER TO THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE AND HAS RECEIVED ASSURANCES THAT THOSE CONCERNS WILL BE ADDRESSED. ¶4. THE PAPER STATES THAT EU LEGISLATION DOES NOT SUFFICIENTLY RESTRICT GMO "CONTAMINATION" FROM ENTERING THE FOOD CHAIN. COMMENT: THIS IS NOT A SCIENTIFIC PAPER. IN FACT THIS WHITE PAPER REBUFFS SCIENTIFIC REASONING ON AG BIOTECH AS USELESS AND REPETITIVE. IT UPHOLDS THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE OVER ALL UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 04 ROME 01457 01 OF 04 211632Z APPROACHES TO BIOTECH, WHETHER THE SUBJECT BE SCIENCE, ETHICS, OR PRODUCTION ECONOMICS. BY OMITTING ANY SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS OR CONSIDERING THE BENEFITS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, THE PAPER IS ABLE TO CONSTRUCT A SIMPLISTIC ARGUMENT WHICH PORTRAYS BIOTECHNOLOGY AS A THREAT TO ITALIAN HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS, AND THAT BY EXCLUDING THEM ITALY WILL PURSUE AN OPPORTUNITY TO ENHANCE ITALY'S INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION. THE PAPER CONCLUDES THAT BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDS NO PROMISE, AND INDEED IS A THREAT TO ITALIAN CONSUMERS, THE ITALIAN ECONOMY, AND ITALIAN FOOD PRODUCERS. THE PAPER'S INTENT, NOTWITHSTANDING THE TITLE, IS TO ESTABLISH A NEED FOR NATIONAL REGULATIONS TO FURTHER RESTRICT EU LEGISLATION ON BIOTECH TOLERANCES, TO OPPOSE BIOTECH APPROVALS, AND TO ENHANCE TRACEABILITY AND LABELING. END COMMENT. ¶5. THE PAPER'S 37 PAGES OF ARGUM ENT FOLLOW THESE LINES: BEGIN WHITE PAPER SUMMARY ¶6. FARMERS SKEPTICAL ABOUT BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECH. BIOTECH AIMS TO UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PTQ3159 PAGE 01 ROME 01457 02 OF 04 211633Z ACTION EUR-00 INFO LOG-00 NP-00 AID-00 CEA-01 CIAE-00 COME-00 CTME-00 DINT-00 DODE-00 DOEE-00 ITCE-00 SRPP-00 EB-00 EXME-00 E-00 UTED-00 VC-00 FRB-00 H-01 TEDE-00 INR-00 IO-00 ITC-01 L-00 AC-01 DCP-01 NSAE-00 NSCE-00 NSF-01 OES-01 OIC-02 OMB-01 OPIC-01 PC-01 PM-00 PRS-00 ACE-00 SP-00 SSO-00 SS-00 STR-00 TEST-00 TRSE-00 T-00 USIE-00 EPAE-00 ECA-00 PMB-00 DRL-02 G-00 SAS-00 /014W -------------- 789D4E 212023Z /38 R 211548Z MAR 02 FM AMEMBASSY ROME TO SECSTATE WASHDC 2881 USDA FAS WASHDC 2066 INFO EU MEMBER STATES COLLECTIVE UNCLAS SECTION 02 OF 04 ROME 001457 SIPDIS STATE PASS USDA FOR HEGWOOD USDA FOR FAS/OA/TERPSTRA AND SLUTSKY; ITP/SHEIKH AND MACKE; FAA/NE/WILSON; DOS/EB/TPP/ATT; EUR/ERA; E-ASHUM; EB-GADSDEN E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: EAGR ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU IT ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA REF: ROME 01405 SUBJECT: ITALIAN WHITE PAPER ON AGRICULTURAL UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 ROME 01457 02 OF 04 211633Z BIOTECHNOLOGY INCREASE YIELDS QUANTITATIVELY, WHILE ITALY IS TRYING TO SATISFY THE DEMANDS OF DISCRIMINATING CONSUMERS WHO WANT QUALITY, GENUINE FOOD. INCREASING YIELDS MAKES SENSE ON A GLOBAL SCALE, BUT IT DOES NOT MAKE SENSE IN EVERY AGRICULTURAL SETTING. IN THE ITALIAN AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX, BIOTECH SHOULD BE SCRUTINIZED ACCORDING TO ITALY'S CHARACTERISTICS: ITS PREDILECTION FOR NICHE PRODUCTS, THE TOPOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL ASPECTS INCLUDING HOW CONSUMERS VIEW AGRICULTURE, THE PRESENCE OF BIOTECH IN FEED INGREDIENTS, THE ROLE OF RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION; AND EU LEGISLATIVE NORMS, ESPECIALLY THOSE REGARDING THE SEED REGIME. AGRICULTURE IN THE EU COMMUNITY IS ALLOWING A PROGRESSIVE PENETRATION BY BIOTECHNOLOGY WHICH WILL DEPRIVE CITIZENS AND THOSE WHO WORK IN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES FROM A CHOICE TO REMAIN GMO-FREE. ¶7. QUALITY FOOD THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY SECTOR CONTRIBUTES 23 PERCENT TO ITALIAN GNP. THE "QUALITY" OR "TRADITIONAL" FOOD PRODUCTS HAVE EARNED ITALY A REPUTATION THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS UNDER PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHIC INDICATIONS OR OTHER DESIGNATIONS REPRESENT 15 PERCENT OF THE UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 03 ROME 01457 02 OF 04 211633Z VALUE OF TOTAL FOOD PRODUCTION. THESE COULD BE THE ENGINE FOR MORE VALUE ADDED IF THE EXPORT OF "QUALITY" PRODUCTS EXPANDS. THERE ARE 114 PRODUCTS UNDER EU PROTECTION BY DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION, OR TRADITIONAL SPECIALTY. ADD TO THIS 440 WINES WITH VARIOUS DESIGNATIONS. BY GETTING MORE PRODUCTS TO COME UNDER PROTECTED DESIGNATIONS, WHETHER BY VIRTUE OF ITALY'S AGRICULTURAL TRADITIONS OR BY THE OTHER DEFINITIONS, ITALY COULD BOOST THE UNPROTECTED INTO THE REALM OF THE PROTECTED. GLOBALIZATION HAS THE OPPOSITE POTENTIAL; IT COULD DEGRADE THESE UNIQUE PRODUCTS INTO THE REALM OF THE COMMONPLACE AND BORING. THE OBJECTIVE SHOULD BE TO INCREASE THE VALUE OF ITALIAN PRODUCTION BY PROMOTING ITALIAN PRODUCTS OF HIGH, GMO-FREE QUALITY. ¶8. DOWNSIDE POTENTIAL ON IMAGE OF ITALIAN PRODUCTS ANYTHING NEGATIVE THAT MIGHT DETRACT FROM THE WHOLESOMENESS OR THE QUALITY OF A PRODUCT SHOULD BE AVOIDED. BIOTECHNOLOGY COULD MAR THE BIOLOGICAL PATRIMONY OF THE AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX. ITALIAN CONSUMERS ARE INCREASINGLY SENSITIVE TO TYPICAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTHFULNESS OF FOOD, NOT JUST DUE TO FOOD EMERGENCIES. THIS IS ALSO THE RESULT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS WHICH HAVE INCREASED CONSUMERS' DISPOSABLE INCOME AND UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 04 ROME 01457 02 OF 04 211633Z SOPHISTICATION. THERE IS NO TURNING BACK FROM THIS INCREASED AWARENESS. AGRICULTURE IS NO LONGER SOLELY THE PROVIDER OF SUSTENANCE, IT ALSO PROVIDES PEOPLE WITH COLLECTIVE GOODS SUCH AS CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT, OF THE COUNTRYSIDE AND FOOD TRADITIONS. SOCIETY LOOKS TO AGRICULTURE TO SATISFY ITS NEED FOR QUALITY OF LIFE. ¶9. BIODIVERSITY AND GENE FLOW ITALY'S HILLY TOPOGRAPHY AND ITS AGRICULTURE GIVE IT UNIQUE TERRITORIAL CHARACTERISTICS. THE MIX OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS MEANS THAT THEY SHARE BORDERS WHICH WOULD HAVE EFFECTS ON EACH OTHER. ALSO, THE DIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE WITHIN SMALL TERRITORIAL CONFINES COULD BE EFFECTED BY THE CHOICE OF BIOTECH PRODUCTION. IN ITALY IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE TO ISOLATE METHODS OF CULTIVATION BY DISTANCES BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT TYPES, INCLUDING ORGANIC AGRICULTURE. ITALY'S ORGANIC FOOD INDUSTRY, THE LARGEST IN EUROPE, CANNOT PERMIT CONTAMINATION BY BIOTECH PRODUCTION. ¶10. QUALITY, NOT QUANTITY UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PTQ3160 PAGE 01 ROME 01457 03 OF 04 211633Z ACTION EUR-00 INFO LOG-00 NP-00 AID-00 CEA-01 CIAE-00 COME-00 CTME-00 DINT-00 DODE-00 DOEE-00 ITCE-00 SRPP-00 MEDE-00 EB-00 EXME-00 E-00 UTED-00 VC-00 FRB-00 H-01 TEDE-00 INR-00 IO-00 ITC-01 L-00 AC-01 NSAE-00 NSCE-00 NSF-01 OES-01 OIC-02 OMB-01 OPIC-01 PC-01 PM-00 PRS-00 ACE-00 SP-00 SSO-00 SS-00 STR-00 TEST-00 TRSE-00 T-00 USIE-00 EPAE-00 ECA-00 PMB-00 DRL-02 G-00 SAS-00 /013W -------------- 789D58 212023Z /38 R 211548Z MAR 02 FM AMEMBASSY ROME TO SECSTATE WASHDC 2882 USDA FAS WASHDC 2067 INFO EU MEMBER STATES COLLECTIVE UNCLAS SECTION 03 OF 04 ROME 001457 SIPDIS STATE PASS USDA FOR HEGWOOD USDA FOR FAS/OA/TERPSTRA AND SLUTSKY; ITP/SHEIKH AND MACKE; FAA/NE/WILSON; DOS/EB/TPP/ATT; EUR/ERA; E-ASHUM; EB-GADSDEN E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: EAGR ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU IT ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA REF: ROME 01405 SUBJECT: ITALIAN WHITE PAPER ON AGRICULTURAL UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 ROME 01457 03 OF 04 211633Z BIOTECHNOLOGY ITALIANS ARE MOVING TOWARDS CHOICES BASED ON QUALITY, SO DOES IT MAKE SENSE TO EVALUATE BIOTECH IN A QUANTITATIVE MANNER? ITALIAN AGRICULTURE'S OBJECTIVE IS NOT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION. IT IS TO PRODUCE QUALITY PRODUCTS. ITALIAN CITIZENS DON'T BELIEVE THEY ARE GOING TO FACE ANY GAPS BETWEEN FOOD SUPPLY AND DEMAND. REFERENCE IS MADE TO AN OCTOBER 2001 OPINION POLL WHICH IS GIVEN AS EVIDENCE THAT PEOPLE HAVE HOPE FOR BIOTEC H ONLY IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE OR IF IT COULD BE USED TO ADDRESS FAMINE. AS FOR ITALIAN CONSUMERS, BIOTECH SHOWS PROMISE FOR EXPERIMENTATION OUTSIDE OF AGRICULTURE OR TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS WHICH ITALIANS DON'T FACE. THE SAME STUDY IS CITED AS SAYING THAT THE MINORITY WHO FAVOR BIOTECH LOOK AT QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE LINKED TO INCREASES IN YIELDS OR REDUCTIONS IN THE COST OF PRODUCTION. ¶11. SEEDS FOR PLANTING WHEN ACCIDENTAL CONTAMINATION IS IN SEEDS FOR PLANTING, THESE ARE PARTICULARLY THREATENING. THIS CAN LEAD TO A LACK OF CONTROL OVER PROPAGATED SPECIES. THE LACK OF NATIONALLY PRODUCED SEEDS FREE FROM GMOS MEANS ITALY MUST RELY ON IMPORTED SEED. THIS IS TRUE UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 03 ROME 01457 03 OF 04 211633Z ESPECIALLY FOR SOY AND CORN. NATIONAL PRODUCTION ONLY COVERS 30 PERCENT AND 50 PERCENT, RESPECTIVELY, OF THE DEMAND FOR THESE SEEDS. TO BECOME SELF SUFFICIENT IN SEED PRODUCTION WOULD REQUIRE THAT SEED PRODUCTION MUST INCREASE. ALTERNATIVELY, ITALY COULD LOOK FOR SEED SOURCES FROM COUNTRIES WHICH CAN GUARANTEE GMO-FREE SEEDS. THE USE OF UNPOLLUTED-BY-BIOTECH SEEDS SHOULD BE ASSURED. ¶12. VULNERABILITY FROM FEED IMPORTS; THE AIMS OF EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL POLICY THE WORLD'S EXPANSION OF ACREAGE UNDER BIOTECH PRODUCTION IS IN A FEW COUNTRIES AND CONCERNS ONLY A HANDFUL OF CROPS. OF THESE ITALY IS MOST "VULNERABLE" TO CONTAMINATION FROM SOY AND CORN. MOST BIOTECH CROPS ARE HERBICIDE RESISTANT OR INSECT RESISTANT, CHARACTERISTICS THAT AIM TO INCREASE PRODUCTION AND LOWER COST. IN CONTRAST, EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO LIMIT PRODUCTION AND TO IMPROVE QUALITY. MOREOVER, ITALIAN AGRICULTURE IS THE CHIEF PROVIDER OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN THE EU. EUROPEAN CONSUMERS WANT HIGH QUALITY, HEALTHFUL, GENUINE FOOD. ITALIAN PRODUCTS SHOULD AIM TO SATISFY THAT CONSUMER DEMAND. ¶13. TRACEABILITY AND LABELING FOR FINISHED PRODUCTS GENETIC CONTAMINATION UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 04 ROME 01457 03 OF 04 211633Z CAN BE LIMITED BY MEANS OF TRACEABILITY AND LABELING. ITALY CAN AND SHOULD MAINTAIN STRICT T&L TO ENSURE GMO-FREE PRODUCTS ARE KEPT SEPARATELY FROM ANY THAT HAVE GMO CONTENTS, INCLUDING MEAT FROM ANIMALS FED GMO FEED. ¶14. BIOTECH RESEARCH IT IS POSSIBLE TO DO ADVANCED BIOTECH RESEARCH EVEN WITHOUT PRODUCING TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS. PUBLIC RESOURCES CAN BE USED FOR PRUDENT RESEARCH, TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT GOING INTO THE REALM OF AGRICULTURAL RISK. THIS CALL TO CAUTION, COMBINED WITH THE ABSENCE OF NEED TO INCREASE ITALIAN YIELDS OR LOWER COSTS, CALLS INTO QUESTION FURTHER DEBATE BY SCIENTISTS. A HYPOTHETICAL RESEARCH PLAN SHOULD HAVE THREE PRIORITIES: PROTECTING AND IMPROVING THE BEST VARIETIES, EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS, AND PROTECTING THE CONSUMER. ¶15. PATENTS ON GENETIC MATERIAL THERE IS A CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP OF GENETIC RESOURCES SUCH AS BIOTECH SEED PATENTS, INTO VERY FEW HANDS. THE OPTIONS UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PTQ3161 PAGE 01 ROME 01457 04 OF 04 211633Z ACTION EB-00 INFO LOG-00 NP-00 AID-00 CEA-01 CIAE-00 COME-00 CTME-00 DINT-00 DODE-00 DOEE-00 ITCE-00 SRPP-00 EXME-00 EUR-00 E-00 UTED-00 VC-00 FRB-00 H-01 TEDE-00 INR-00 IO-00 ITC-01 L-00 AC-01 DCP-01 NSAE-00 NSCE-00 NSF-01 OES-01 OIC-02 OMB-01 OPIC-01 PC-01 PM-00 PRS-00 ACE-00 SP-00 IRM-00 SSO-00 SS-00 STR-00 TEST-00 TRSE-00 T-00 USIE-00 EPAE-00 PMB-00 DRL-02 G-00 SAS-00 /014W -------------- 789D60 212023Z /38 R 211548Z MAR 02 FM AMEMBASSY ROME TO SECSTATE WASHDC 2883 USDA FAS WASHDC 2068 INFO EU MEMBER STATES COLLECTIVE UNCLAS SECTION 04 OF 04 ROME 001457 SIPDIS STATE PASS USDA FOR HEGWOOD USDA FOR FAS/OA/TERPSTRA AND SLUTSKY; ITP/SHEIKH AND MACKE; FAA/NE/WILSON; DOS/EB/TPP/ATT; EUR/ERA; E-ASHUM; EB-GADSDEN E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: EAGR ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU ETRD SENV EU IT ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA ITEAGR ICSCA REF: ROME 01405 SUBJECT: ITALIAN WHITE PAPER ON AGRICULTURAL UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 ROME 01457 04 OF 04 211633Z BIOTECHNOLOGY THAT THE HOLDERS OF GENE PATENTS HOLD IS OF CONCERN. ITALY COULD BE VULNERABLE TO THEIR DECISIONS BECAUSE OF THE IMPORTANT ROLE AGRICULTURE PLAYS WITHIN THE ECONOMY. ¶16. CONSUMER CHOICE AND CONSUMER EDUCATION CONSUMERS SHOULD HAVE MORE INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF TRANSGENIC MATERIAL IN FOOD AND ANIMAL FEED ON THE MARKET. THERE SHOULD BE MORE INFORMATION ON THE PROVENANCE AND LOCALITY WHICH CHARACTERIZE TYPICAL FOOD, AND ON THE TRACEABILITY OF THE FOOD CHAIN TO ENSURE GMO- FREE FOOD. COMPARING GMO CONTAMINATION TO A FOOD EMERGENCY, THE ADVICE IS THAT ITALY SHOULD NOT WAIT FOR A CATASTROPHE BUT PUT INTO ACTION NOW THOSE METHODS THAT COULD CONTAIN A FUTURE HEALTH CALAMITY. CONSUMERS SHOULD NOT JUST BE PROTECTED FROM HARM, THEY SHOULD HAVE IN THEIR HANDS THE MEANS TO MAKE INFORMED CHOICES. MORE INFORMATION FOR CONSUMERS IS NEEDED. TRACEABILITY AND LABELING IS BEING PUT FORWARD AS AN EU PRECONDITION TO OPENING UP THE APPROVAL PROCESS. THERE SHOULD BE, AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, A DIRECTIVE THAT PRECEDES THE OCTOBER 17 DEADLINE, TO MAINTAIN A SEPARATION OF GMO AND NON-GMO FOOD CHAINS; AND ASSURE UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 03 ROME 01457 04 OF 04 211633Z THAT A TRACEABILITY AND LABELING SCHEME WILL POINT OUT THE PRESENCE OF GMOS IN FOOD. ¶16. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND NATIONAL REGULATIONS MOST OF THE REGULATIONS COVERING BIOTECHNOLOGY ARE FROM THE EC. THE NOTABLE EXCEPTION IS THE AUGUST 4, 2000 ITALIAN BAN ON FOUR EU-APPROVED BIOTECH CORN VARIETIES, WHICH IS PERMITTED UNDER ARTICLE 12 OF 258/97. THE REPLACEMENT OF 90/220 BY 2001/18 ON OCTOBER 17, 2002, WILL MAKE IT EASIER FOR TRANSGENIC VARIETIES TO BE ADMITTED INTO THE EU. THE USE OF THE SAFEGUARD CLAUSE UNDER ARTICLE 23 WILL ALLOW A MEMBER STATE TO LIMIT OR PROHIBIT A PRODUCT AUTHORIZED ENTRY BY THE COMMISSION. ¶17. TOLERANCE FOR ADVENTITIOUS PRESENCE ITALY'S LEGISLATIVE DECREE 212/01, ADDRESSES THE USE OF SEEDS CONTAINING GMO MATERIAL. THERE IS ALSO SOME AMBIGUITY BECAUSE OF A LACK OF A TESTING METHOD WITH A RELIABLE INDICATOR OF GMO MATERIAL. FOR THESE REASONS THERE IS NO COMMUNITY-WIDE REGULATION OVER BIOTECH IN SEEDS. LIKEWISE, THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE CONTINUED FOR 2002, THE "ZERO TOLERANCE" POLICY. IT IS ALSO NECESSARY TO DETERMINE ITALIAN AGRICULTURE'S FUTURE WITH REGARD TO THIS POLICY, INDEPENDENTLY OF THE EC. END OF WHITE PAPER SUMMARY. SEMBLER UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 04 ROME 01457 04 OF 04 211633Z UNCLASSIFIED > 2002ROME01457 - Classification: UNCLASSIFIED