SRI LANKAN/MALDIVES: 2002 ANNUAL TERRORISM

1. MISSION'S RESPONSE TO REFTEL REQUESTING INPUT FOR THE
DEPARTMENT'S 2002 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT FOLLOWS. DATA
ON SRI LANKA IS CONTAINED IN PARA TWO AND DATA ON THE
MALDIVES IN PARA THREE. PARA 2 IS KEYED TO QUESTIONS A
THROUGH K IN PARA TWO OF REFTEL. PARA 3 CONTAINS A
REVIEW OF THE SITUATION IN THE MALDIVES.

SRI LANKA


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2. (U) DATA ON SRI LANKA:

A -- IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TERROR
ATTACKS, THE SRI LANKAN GOVERNMENT IMMEDIATELY DECLARED
ITS WILLINGNESS TO COOPERATE WITH THE U.S. IN THE GLOBAL
CAMPAIGN AGAINST TERRORISM AND THE GOVERNMENT HAS
MAINTAINED THAT POLICY THROUGHOUT 2002. SRI LANKA HAS
ACCEDED TO 10 OF THE 12 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS (SEE
SECTION F FOR MORE DETAILS) THAT DEAL WITH COMBATING
TERRORISM AND TOOK STEPS TO IMPLEMENT UNSCR 1333 AND
1373, WHICH BLOCKED THE ASSETS OF TERRORIST ENTITIES.

B -- THERE HAVE BEEN NO CASES IN SRI LANKA DURING THE
PAST YEAR OF ACTS OF TERRORISM AGAINST OR AFFECTING U.S.
CITIZENS OR FACILITIES. ALL INDICATIONS ARE THAT THE
SRI LANKAN GOVERNMENT WOULD EXTEND EVERY EFFORT TO
PROTECT U.S. CITIZENS OR PROSECUTE THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR
ACTS OF TERRORISM. IN REGARDS TO DOMESTIC TERRORISM,
THE GOVERNMENT AND THE LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL EELAM
(LTTE) HAVE OBSERVED A CEASEFIRE SINCE DECEMBER 2001.
THE TWO SIDES HAVE ALSO BEGUN PEACE TALKS. IN NOVEMBER
2002, A COLOMBO COURT CONVICTED LTTE LEADER VELUPILLAI
PRABHAKARAN AND THREE OTHER LTTE MEMBERS IN ABSENTIA FOR
PLANNING A JANUARY 31, 1996, BOMBING IN COLOMBO THAT
KILLED 76 AND INJURED HUNDREDS. THEY WERE SENTENCED TO
LONG-TERM PRISON SENTENCES. THE LTTE HAS CATEGORICALLY
REJECTED THE VALIDITY OF THE COURT'S RULING.

C -- THE ISSUE OF EXTRADITION IN RELATION TO TERRORIST
ACTS DID NOT ARISE IN SRI LANKA. THE UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT HAS ASKED FOR ASSISTANCE FROM THE SRI LANKAN
GOVERNMENT TO LOCATE AND EXTRADITE INDIVIDUALS IN THREE
CRIMINAL CASES. ALTHOUGH THE INDIVIDUALS IN QUESTION
HAVE NOT BEEN LOCATED AND MAY BE IN LTTE-CONTROLLED
AREAS, THE GOVERNMENT OF SRI LANKAN WAS RESPONSIVE TO
USG CONCERNS AND REQUESTS. THERE IS NO INFORMATION THAT
INDICATES THE SRI LANKAN GOVERNMENT WOULD NOT EXTEND THE
SAME COOPERATION IN CASES INVOLVING TERRORIST-RELATED
ACTIVITIES.

D -- MISSION HAS NO KNOWLEDGE OF SIGNIFICANT IMPEDIMENTS
TO GSL PROSECUTION AND/OR EXTRADITION OF SUSPECTED
TERRORISTS. IN FACT, THE SEPTEMBER 1999 SIGNING OF A
GENERAL EXTRADITION TREATY BETWEEN THE U.S. AND SRI
LANKA (RATIFIED BY THE U.S. SENATE IN OCTOBER AND SIGNED
BY THE PRESIDENT IN NOVEMBER 1999), FACILITATED
EXTRADITION BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES. SRI LANKA HAS
ALSO SIGNED THE 1988 SAARC REGIONAL CONVENTION ON THE
SUPPRESSION OF TERRORISM, WHICH DESIGNATES CERTAIN ACTS
SPECIFICALLY AS TERRORIST ACTS AND NOT AS POLITICAL
ACTS, THEREBY NULLIFYING ATTEMPTS BY TERRORIST
ORGANIZATIONS TO CLAIM POLITICAL MOTIVATIONS FOR
VIOLENCE. THE SRI LANKAN GOVERNMENT IS ALSO WORKING
WITH THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TO DRAFT A MUTUAL
LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATY.

E -- SRI LANKAN GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES HAVE MADE
NUMEROUS PUBLIC STATEMENTS IN SUPPORT OF THE
INTERNATIONAL WAR ON TERRORISM AND HAVE CONDEMNED
TERRORIST INCIDENTS, SUCH AS THE TERRORIST BOMBING IN
BALI. THE GOVERNMENT HAS NOT BEEN INVOLVED IN
INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS OF TERRORISM. IT IS
CURRENTLY FOCUSING ON THE DOMESTIC PEACE PROCESS TO
BRING TO AN END AN ALMOST 20 YEAR CONFLICT WITH THE LTTE
(SEE SECTION I FOR MORE DETAILS).

F -- DURING 2002, THE GSL HAS FOCUSED ON STABILIZING THE
PEACE PROCESS WITH THE LTTE. SRI LANKA HAS ACTIVELY
PARTICIPATED IN COUNTERTERRORISM LEGISLATION SEMINARS
ORGANIZED BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. SRI LANKA IS
PARTY TO 10 OF THE 12 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS THAT
FOCUS ON COMBATING TERRORISM, INCLUDING THE TOKYO, HAGUE
AND MONTREAL CONVENTIONS AGAINST TERRORISM. THE GSL HAS
REQUESTED ADDITIONAL TRAINING FROM THE UNITES STATES
GEARED TOWARDS PREPARING THE SRI LANKAN MILITARY TO
ASSIST IN THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM.

G -- NOT APPLICABLE - THE SRI LANKAN GOVERNMENT DOES NOT
SUPPORT TERRORISM.

H -- THE GSL HAS MADE NO PUBLIC STATEMENTS IN SUPPORT OF
A TERRORIST-SUPPORTING COUNTRY ON A TERRORISM ISSUE.
THAT SAID, LARGELY BECAUSE OF ITS "NON-ALIGNED" STATUS,
SRI LANKA HAS NOT PARTICIPATED ACTIVELY IN INTERNATIONAL
CONDEMNATION OF THE TERRORIST ACTIVITIES OF CUBA, IRAN,
IRAQ, LIBYA, NORTH KOREA, SYRIA, AND SUDAN. FOR THE
SAME REASONS, ITS CRITICISM OF ANTI-ISRAELI TERRORISM
HAS BEEN MUTED.

I -- THERE WAS NO DISCERNIBLE CHANGE IN THE GOVERNMENT'S
STRONG INTERNATIONAL ANTI-TERRORISM POSITION IN 2002.
DOMESTICALLY THERE WAS A DRAMATIC SHIFT IN THE POLICY OF
THE GOVERNMENT TOWARDS THE LTTE, WHICH IS DESIGNATED AS
A FOREIGN TERRORIST ORGANIZATION (FTO) BY THE UNITED
STATES. THE GSL IS ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN A PEACE PROCESS
WITH THE LTTE TO BRING AN END TO A 19-YEAR-OLD CONFLICT
AND IS ESTIMATED TO HAVE KILLED OVER 64,000 PEOPLE. ON
DECEMBER 24, 2001, THE LTTE AND GSL ANNOUNCED UNILATERAL
CEASEFIRES. ON FEBRUARY 22, 2002, THE TWO SIDES SIGNED
A CEASEFIRE AGREEMENT THAT INCLUDED STEPS TO DEESCALATE
THE CONFLICT, ON SEPTEMBER 4 THE GSL LEGALIZED THE LTTE,
AND ON SEPTEMBER 16 THE TWO SIDES BEGAN PEACE TALKS. IN
ADDITION TO THE RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED ON THE LTTE BY
OTHER STATES, THE SRI LANKAN GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO
VIEW THE USG'S DESIGNATION OF THE LTTE AS A TERRORIST
ORGANIZATION AS A POSITIVE MEASURE. IT SITES THE
DESIGNATION, ALONG WITH THE POST-SEPTEMBER 11 GLOBAL WAR
ON TERRORISM, AS ONE OF THE REASONS THE LTTE HAS COME TO
THE NEGOTIATING TABLE.

J -- THE GSL HAS DIRECTED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO
FREEZE ASSETS OF TERRORIST GROUPS COVERED UNDER UNSCR
1333 AND 1373. WHERE THE U.S. HAS REQUESTED THE GSL TO
FREEZE ASSETS OF GROUPS NOT COVERED UNDER THE UNSCRS,
THE GSL HAS DIRECTED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO NOTIFY
THE CENTRAL BANK OF ANY TRANSACTIONS BY THESE GROUPS.
THE USG CODUCTS MILITARY-TO-MILITARY ANTI-TERRORISM
TRAINING WITH GSL TROOPS.

K-I -- THE ISSUE OF COOPERATING WITH THE USG IN
APPREHENDING, CONVICTING, AND PUNISHING INDIVIDUAL
RESPONSIBLE FOR ACTS OF TERRORISM HAS NOT ARISEN.
MISSION HAS NO REASON TO BELIEVE THE GSL WOULD NOT
COOPERATE IN THE EVENT THAT SUCH COOPERATION WAS
REQUESTED.

K-II -- THE U.S. GOVERNMENT HAS MADE SEVERAL REQUESTS TO
THE GSL FOR ADDITIONAL SECURITY MEASURES FOR U.S.
PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES IN SRI LANKA. THE GSL HAS MET
ALL REQUESTS EXPEDITIOUSLY. THESE REQUESTS WERE MADE TO
ENHANCE SECURITY IN GENERAL AND NOT IN RESPONSE TO ANY
IDENTIFIABLE THREAT.

MALDIVES


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3. (U) CONSISTING OF ALMOST 1,200 ISLANDS STRETCHED
OVER APPROXIMATELY 500 MILES NORTH TO SOUTH IN THE
INDIAN OCEAN WITH A POPULATION OF APPROXIMATELY 270,000,
THE REPUBLIC OF THE MALDIVES HAS NO KNOWN INDIGENOUS
TERRORISM PROBLEM. THE MALDIVIAN GOVERNMENT, HOWEVER,
HAS EXPRESSED CONCERNS ABOUT THE POSSIBLE TRANSIT OF
TERRORISTS THROUGH THE COUNTRY AND ALSO OVER THE
ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING SERMONS, OF SOME HARD-LINE
RELIGIOUS ELEMENTS IN THE COUNTRY. SOME OF THESE
ALLEGED HARD-LINERS HAVE BEEN DETAINED AND TRIED ON
VARIOUS CHARGES. MALDIVIANS ALSO REMAIN FOCUSED ON
PREVENTING A REPEAT OF THE EVENTS OF 1988 WHEN A FORMER
MALDIVIAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL LAUNCHED A COUP ATTEMPT
WITH THE HELP OF SRI LANKAN TERRORIST ELEMENTS. THE
COUP FAILED DUE TO THE INTERVENTION OF THE INDIAN ARMED
FORCES. DESPITE THESE CONCERNS, THE MALDIVES HAS
EXPRESSED CONFIDENCE THAT IT CAN DEAL WITH POTENTIAL
PROBLEMS. DURING AN ATTEMPTED HIJACKING OF A FLIGHT
TRANSITING THROUGH THE MALDIVES FROM BOMBAY IN EARLY
SEPTEMBER 2002, THE NATIONAL SECURITY SERVICE RESPONDED
IN A PROFESSIONAL MANNER AND WAS FORTHCOMING AND
COOPERATIVE WITH USG OFFICIALS REQUESTING INFORMATION
ABOUT THE INCIDENT. IN TERMS OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS,
THE MALDIVES HAS TAKEN STEPS TO IMPLEMENT UNSCR 1333 AND
1337, WHICH BLOCK THE ASSETS OF TERRORIST ENTITIES. THE
MALDIVES HAS ALSO BECOME A PARTY TO THE MAJORITY OF THE
12 INTERNATIONAL COUNTERTERRORISM CONVENTIONS.


WILLS