Identifier
Created
Classification
Origin
92ZAGREB468
1992-03-31 07:28:00
CONFIDENTIAL
Embassy Zagreb
Cable title:
SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
how-toThis record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available. 310728Z Mar 92 CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 01 OF 09 310733Z USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0809 USIA WASHDC 1352 COMSIXTHFLT//N2// CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24// USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5// WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0277
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
SUMMARY
--------------
2. ALTHOUGH ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN THE WARRING
FACTIONS IN CROATIA CONTINUES TO BE OF CONCERN TO
SERBS AND CROATS, BOTH SIDES (WITH THE ARRIVAL OF UN
PEACEKEEPING FORCES) HAVE NOW APPARENTLY BEGUN TO
FOCUS ON A NEW STRATEGY -- THE FORCED EVACUATION OF
RESIDENTS OF THE OPPOSITE NATIONALITY FROM AREAS
UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE OTHER. EACH SIDE HAS MADE
SPECIFIC AND DETAILED CHARGES AGAINST THE OTHER,
ACCUSING THE GUILTY PARTY OF THREATS, ABUSES,
EXPULSIONS AND KILLINGS. ALTHOUGH THE CROATIAN
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 01 OF 09 310733Z
GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO VIEW HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES AS
POLITICAL QUESTIONS, SOME OFFICIALS, INCLUDING TO
SOME DEGREE PRESIDENT TUDJMAN, ARE BEGINNING TO MAKE
A CONNECTION BETWEEN TOLERATION OF VIOLATIONS OF THE
HUMAN RIGHTS OF SERBS IN CROATIA WITH THE DECLINING
STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN THE REPUBLIC. THE PRIME
MINISTER OF GOVERNMENT HAS SPOKEN OUT STRONGLY
AGAINST SUCH ABUSES AND INSISTED THAT THE CROATIAN
GOVERNMENT MUST RENEW ITS EMPHASIS ON RESPECT FOR THE
RIGHTS OF CITIZENS, PUBLIC ORDER AND PEACE. TUDJMAN,
IN RECENT DAYS, HAS RECEIVED HUMAN RIGHTS DELEGATIONS
FROM HELSINKI WATCH AND THE EC, AND A DOMESTIC
AMNESTY COMMITTEE MADE UP OF SERBS AND OPPOSITION
POLITICAL FIGURES. IN SPITE OF HELSINKI WATCH'S
STRONG CONDEMNATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN
CROATIA, TUDJMAN HELD A CORDIAL MEETING WITH THE
ORGANIZATION'S REPRESENTATIVES AND PROVIDED A
WELL-CONSIDERED, DETAILED WRITTEN RESPONSE TO THEIR
FINDINGS. IN A COMPLETE CHANGE OF TONE, THE
GOVERNMENT'S REPLY THANKED HELSINKI WATCH FOR ITS
INTEREST IN EVENTS IN CROATIA AND THE OBJECTIVE
EVALUATION OF ITS REPORT.
-
3. WESTERN PRESSURE ON THIS ISSUE HAS HAD SOME
SUCCESS, AT LEAST IN TERMS OF ATTITUDINAL SHIFTS BY
CROATIAN LEADERS. IT IS NOT CLEAR, HOWEVER, THAT
THIS HAS TRANSLATED INTO MORE FORCEFUL ACTION TO CURB
ABUSES. IF ANYTHING, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ON THE
CROAT SIDE MAY HAVE INCREASED IN RECENT WEEKS. WE
HAVE NOT SENSED A CONCURRENT UPSURGE IN
INVESTIGATIONS AND ARRESTS (THOUGH THE PICTURE ON
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 01 OF 09 310733Z
THIS IS UNCLEAR). THE GOVERNMENT'S ABILITY TO IMPOSE
THE RULE OF LAW ON THE GROUND IS GREATLY RESTRICTED
BY THE WAR. END SUMMARY.
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 02 OF 09 310735Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A01 310735Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0659
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1591
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 02 OF 09 310735Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0810
USIA WASHDC 1353
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0278
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 02 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
THE SERBIAN CHARGE: FEAR, EXPULSIONS AND
DISAPPEARANCES
-------------- --------------
4. WITH THE "HOT" WAR ABATING, DAMPENED BY THE
ARRIVAL OF UN PEACEKEEPING FORCES, THE FIGHT OVER
LAND (WITH ORDINARY CITIZENS AS THE COMBATANTS) IS
HEATING UP. EMBASSY BELGRADE AND CONGEN ZAGREB HAVE
REPORTED ON THE EFFORTS OF BOTH SIDES TO FORCE
CIVILIANS TO FLEE THEIR HOMES AND RESETTLE EITHER
CROATS OR SERBS IN THE ABANDONED PROPERTIES IN ORDER
TO REARRANGE THE ETHNIC MAKE-UP OF ENTIRE VILLAGES
AND TOWNS. EVEN IN THE LARGER CITIES, THERE HAVE
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CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 02 OF 09 310735Z
BEEN CHARGES THAT A CLIMATE OF FEAR AND INTIMIDATION
HAS BEEN CREATED TO PRESSURE MEMBERS OF ONE ETHNIC
GROUP TO LEAVE, THEREBY REDUCING THE PERCENTAGE OF
THAT GROUP WITHIN THE OVERALL POPULATION. THE
FOLLOWING SCORE CARDS ARE NOT ALL-INCLUSIVE, OTHERS
SUCH AS HELSINKI WATCH HAVE MORE RESOURCES TO COMPILE
SUCH DATA. THE OBJECTIVE HERE IS RATHER TO HIGHLIGHT
THE MAJOR CASES AND GIVE A SENSE OF THE ATMOSPHERE AS
THE UN PEACEKEEPERS BEGIN TO ARRIVE.
-
5. ON THE SERB SIDE, CASES OF ABUSE ARE REPORTED
ALMOST DAILY IN THE BELGRADE PRESS. LOCAL ZAGREB
BASED HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS ARE ALSO KEEPING TRACK,
THOUGH IT IS DIFFICULT TO VERIFY THE REPORTS OF EVEN
THE MOST CREDIBLE SOURCE. FOR AN UPDATE, WE SPOKE
WITH SERBIAN ACTIVIST MILORAD PUPOVAC ON MARCH 25,
WHO CONFIRMED THAT PRESSURE CONTINUES TO BE EXERTED
ON THE SERBIAN COMMUNITY OF CROATIA. PUPOVAC AGAIN
EXPRESSED PARTICULAR CONCERN ABOUT THE FORCED FLIGHT
OF URBAN SERBS. MOST RECENTLY, IN THE MAJOR COASTAL
CITY OF ZADAR, THE SERBIAN LEADER CLAIMED THAT THE
HOMES AND PROPERTY OF SERBS WHO HAVE TEMPORARILY LEFT
ARE BEING "MINED AND BLOWN UP." IN THE CASE OF
ZAGREB, PUPOVAC ESTIMATED THAT PERHAPS HALF OF THE
SERBS WHO HAD BEEN RESIDING IN THE CROATIAN CAPITAL
HAD LEFT, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY. HE POINTED TO THE
NON-PAYMENT OF PENSIONS TO RETIRED JNA OFFICERS
(WHICH HE SAID HAD A GREATER IMPACT ON THE SERBIAN
COMMUNITY) AS A SERIOUS MATTER WHICH COULD LEAD TO
ABANDONMENT OF HOUSES AND APARTMENTS SINCE THE
RESIDENT ARE UNABLE TO PAY FOR UTILITY SERVICES AND
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CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 02 OF 09 310735Z
OTHER RELATED EXPENSES. (FYI: WE HAVE MIXED REPORTS
ON THIS, WITH SOME SERBS SAYING THEY CONTINUE TO
ROUTINELY RECEIVE THEIR JNA PENSIONS.)
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 03 OF 09 310736Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A0B 310736Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0660
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1592
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 03 OF 09 310736Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0811
USIA WASHDC 1354
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0279
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 03 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
6. AS HE DID IN OUR PREVIOUS MEETINGS, PUPOVAC CITED
A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC AND DETAILED ABUSES AGAINST
SERBS. HE ADMITTED THAT SOME OF THE INCIDENTS HAD
BEEN INVESTIGATED BY CROATIAN OFFICIALS. BUT WHILE
MANY IN THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT UNDERSTOOD THAT THOSE
RESPONSIBLE SHOULD BE PUNISHED, IT APPEARED THAT THE
MORE HARD-LINE ELEMENT HOLDS GREAT SWAY AT THE
MOMENT. HERE ARE SOME OF THE SPECIFICS PUPOVAC
CITED. (FYI: ALL OF THESE CASES HAVE BEEN REPORTED
EARLIER BY EITHER CONGEN, EMBASSY OR HELSINKI WATCH.)
-
-- GOSPIC: PUPOVAC SAID 180 SERBS HAD DISAPPEARED
THERE. SIXTY-THREE WERE CONFIRMED DEAD, THE REST ARE
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PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 03 OF 09 310736Z
PRESUMED JAILED OR DEAD. IN SEPARATE INSTANCES,
SERBS FROM ZAGREB HAD BEEN KIDNAPPED FROM ZAGREB AND
TAKEN TO GOSPIC. WE HAVE BEEN TOLD BY SEVERAL OF OUR
CONTACTS THAT THE CROATIAN SIDE WAS KIDNAPPING SERBS
TO USE AS BARTER TO OBTAIN THE RETURN OF CAPTURED
CROATIAN CIVILIANS.
-- PUPOVAC SAID SERBS WHO RETURNED TO THEIR HOMES
AFTER FLEEING THE FIGHTING WERE BEING MISTREATED. HE
CITED THE CASE OF DARUVAR, WHERE HE SAID SIGNS WERE
POSTED LISTING 9,000 NAMES OF AREA SERB RESIDENTS;
THESE SIGNS ACCUSED ALL OF THEM OF BEING ENEMIES OF
CROATIA AND CALLED FOR THEIR EXPULSION.
-- HE SAID 100 SERBS FROM VIROVITICA HAD DISAPPEARED.
7. MORE GENERALLY, PUPOVAC SAID THAT WHILE HE FOUND
SOME MEMBERS OF THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT INDIVIDUALLY
UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEED TO COME TO TERMS WITH THE
PROBLEMS FACING SERB-CROAT RELATIONS IN AN
INDEPENDENT CROATIA (HE SPECIFICALLY SPOKE OF HAVING
A LONG AND USEFUL TALK WITH OPPOSITION LEADER DRAZEN
BUDISA WHILE HE WAS STILL IN THE GOVERNMENT AND OF
GOOD CONTACTS WITH SAVKA DABCEVIC-KUCAR, AN
UNANNOUNCED CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT),TUDJMAN HIMSELF
DOES NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT CREDIBILITY WITH SERBS TO
REACH AN ACCORD WITH THEM, AND THE CROATIAN
GOVERNMENT AS A WHOLE IS NOT READY TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEMS OF URBAN SERBS IN CROATIA. IN HIS MOST
PESSIMISTIC NOTE, PUPOVAC SPECULATED THAT CROATIAN
AUTHORITIES ARE ACTUALLY HOPING THAT THE FEAR AND
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 03 OF 09 310736Z
PRESSURES NOW ON URBAN SERBS WILL HELP REDUCE THE
POPULATION TO BELOW 8 PERCENT OF THE REPUBLIC'S
TOTAL, THEREBY EXCLUDING IT FROM THE GUARANTEES FOR
REPRESENTATION AS SPELLED OUT IN THE NEW ELECTION
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 04 OF 09 310737Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A25 310738Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0661
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1593
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 04 OF 09 310737Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0812
USIA WASHDC 1355
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0280
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 04 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
LAW. HE CLAIMED THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT WAS TRYING
TO DRIVE OUT MILAN DUKIC, THE LONELY SERB IN THE
CROATIAN ASSEMBLY. (NOTE: MANY HERE BELIEVE THAT
DUKIC READILY PLAYS THE ROLE OF THE "GOOD SERB" AND
EVEN RECEIVES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR HIS PARTY FROM
THE GOVERNMENT. DUKIC HAS NEVER, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE,
EXPRESSED ANY CONCERN FOR HIS WELL-BEING, OR ANY
INTENTION TO ABANDON CROATIA.)
8. ALTHOUGH PUPOVAC'S ALLEGATIONS ARE THE MORE
DETAILED AND SPECIFIC, OTHERS (INCLUDING CROATS) HAVE
EXPRESSED SIMILAR CONCERNS ABOUT THE STATE OF HUMAN
RIGHTS IN CROATIA. DUKIC, DESPITE THE DOUBTS ABOUT
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PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 04 OF 09 310737Z
HIS BONIFIDES TO SPEAK AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
SERBIAN PEOPLE, HAS RECENTLY BEEN MORE ASSERTIVE IN
DENOUNCING ABUSES AGAINST SERBS IN THE REPUBLIC.
CROATIAN OPPOSITION POLITICAL FIGURES, SUCH AS SAVKA
DABCEVIC KUCAR OF THE CROATIAN NATIONAL PARTY AND
DRAZEN BUDISA OF THE CROATIAN SOCIAL LIBERAL PARTY
HAVE, WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF DECRYING THE
CONCENTRATION OF POWER IN THE HANDS OF ONE MAN AND
THE INCREASING SENSE OF VITUAL LAWLESSNESS IN SOME
PARTS OF THE REPUBLIC, COMPLAINED OF THE DECREASING
RESPECT FOR DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES.
THE CROATIAN CHARGE: FEAR, EXPULSIONS AND KILLINGS
-------------- --------------
9. THE CROATS, TOO, HAVE MADE A CASE FOR THE ABUSE
AND GRIEVOUS MISTREATMENT OF CROATIAN RESIDENTS BY
JNA/SERB FORCES IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF
CROATIA- WE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING ILLUSTRATIVE
INFORMATION REPORTED IN THE CROATIAN MEDIA:
-- ON MARCH 15, 139 CROATIAN CITIZENS OF THE VILLAGE
OF BOKSIC, NEAR VUKOVAR, WERE EXPELLED BY SERBIAN
TERRITORIAL DEFENSE UNITS FROM THE NEARBY VILLAGE OF
CAKOVAC.
-
-- IN TORDINCI, A VILLAGE IN SLAVONIA WHICH HAS BEEN
UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE JNA FOR ALMOST FIVE MONTHS,
30 INNOCENT PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED. THE CROATS
ALLEGED THAT THEIR BODIES WERE BURIED IN A MASS GRAVE
NEAR THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 04 OF 09 310737Z
-- FROM THE ILOK REGION, 12,000 PEOPLE HAVE
REPORTEDLY BEEN EXPELLED. AFTER THE EXODUS, ONLY
3,780 CROATS REMAIN. IN THIS REGION, BEFORE THE
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 05 OF 09 310738Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A3B 310739Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0662
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1594
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 05 OF 09 310738Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0813
USIA WASHDC 1356
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0281
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 05 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
FIGHTING, SERBS WERE IN THE MINORITY. ACCORDING TO
CROATIAN FIGURES, THE POPULATION HAD BEEN COMPRISED
OF 11,500 CROATS (71 PERCENT) AND 2,000 SERBS (12
PERCENT).
-- ON JANUARY 19, 64 PEOPLE FROM AN AREA AROUND
BENKOVAC WERE FORCED TO ABANDON THEIR HOMES AFTER THE
JNA FAILED TO PROVIDE SECURITY FROM POTENTIAL ATTACKS
FROM CHETNIK BANDS.
-- ON JANUARY 22, 110 PEOPLE OF CROATIAN NATIONALITY
WERE "EXILED" BY THE JNA FROM THEIR VILLAGES IN THE
BENKOVAC COMMUNITY.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 05 OF 09 310738Z
THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT: GROWING CONCERNS
--------------
10. ALTHOUGH THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO
VIEW HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES AS POLITICAL PROBLEMS, WHICH
ACCOUNTS FOR ITS ALMOST TIT-FOR-TAT REPORTING OF
SERBIAN VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF CROATS, THERE IS
A GROWING SENSE THAT THE OVERALL SECURITY SITUATION
IN THE REPUBLIC IS SPIRALLING OUT OF CONTROL.
GENERAL CRIME IS ON THE RISE AND THERE IS A GROWING
BREAKDOWN OF LAW AND ORDER. AT LEAST SOME OFFICIALS
IN THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT HAVE MADE THE CONNECTION
BETWEEN TOLERATION OF VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
AGAINST SERBS AND THE DECLINING STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN
THE REPUBLIC.
-
11. IN AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN THE JANUARY 31
EDITION OF THE POLITICAL INFLUENTIAL DAILY "VJESNIK",
SOME CASES WERE REVEALED ABOUT THE BEHAVIOR OF
PERSONS IN CROATIAN UNIFORMS AND LOCAL OFFICIALS FOR
WHOM THE WAR HAS BECOME A COVER-UP FOR THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF NUMEROUS PRIVATE, COLLECTIVE AND PARTY
INTERESTS ACCORDING TO "VJESNIK":
-- A RULE WAS ESTABLISHED IN KARLOVAC THAT EACH
DYNAMITING OR SHELLING OF CROATIAN HOUSES IN THE
KARLOVAC SUBURBS (THE ZONE WHICH IS UNDER SERB/JNA
CONTROL) WOULD RESULT IN RETALIATORY EXPLOSIONS OF
HOUSES OF EXILED SERBS;
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 05 OF 09 310738Z
-- IN ZADAR, UNIFORMED "DEFENDERS", INSTEAD OF
DEFENDING THEIR CITY, "DEFENDED" WITH GUNS THE
APARTMENTS OF JNA OFFICERS WHO HAD MOVED AWAY;
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 06 OF 09 310740Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A4E 310740Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0663
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1595
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 06 OF 09 310740Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0814
USIA WASHDC 1357
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0282
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 06 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
-- ON THE WESTERN SLAVONIA FRONT, ONE CROATIAN UNIT
"KEPT SECRET" FOR TWO DAYS THEIR ENTRY INTO ONE OF
THE MORE PROSPEROUS SERBIAN VILLAGES IN ORDER TO HAVE
ENOUGH TIME TO "CLEAN IT UP";
-- UNIFORMED PERSONS ENTER LOCAL BARS WITH THEIR
FIREARMS, SHOOTING TO QUIET DOWN THE MUSIC, AND
DRINKING AT THE EXPENSE OF "CROATIA". PASSING
THROUGH SERBIAN VILLAGES, THESE PERSONS FIRE OFF
THEIR WEAPONS IN ORDER TO CREATE A "WAR ATMOSPHERE"
AND CALL INTO QUESTION THE SECURITY OF THE LOCAL
POPULATION;
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PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 06 OF 09 310740Z
-- EXECUTIVE ORGANS HOLD "ALL POWER" IN LOCAL
COMMUNITIES AND ACT WITH IMPUNITY IN THEIR DEALINGS
WITH RESIDENTS, ESPECIALLY SERBS.
12. IN A MARCH 5 PRESS CONFERENCE, CROATIAN PRIME
MINISTER, FRANJO GREGURIC, EXPRESSED EXPLICIT CONCERN
OVER THESE NEGATIVE TRENDS. AMONG OTHER POINTS, HE
STATED THAT:
-
-- THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT MUST RENEW ITS EMPHASIS
ON RESPECT FOR CITIZENS' RIGHTS, PUBLIC ORDER AND
PEACE. "THOSE WHO DO NOT WISH TO FOLLOW SUCH A
POLICY", SAID GREGURIC, "WILL HAVE TO LEAVE."
BURGLARIES, ROBBERIES AND BOMBINGS OF PRIVATE HOMES
AND BUILDINGS MUST STOP;
-- THE GOVERNMENT HAS PROPOSED AND PRESIDENT
TUDJMAN HAS ACCEPTED, THE ABOLISHMENT OF THE
REPUBLICAN AND COMMUNITY CRISIS HEADQUARTERS. LOCAL
EXECUTIVE COUNCILS, AS THE LEGAL CIVIL AUTHORITIES,
MUST REGAIN AUTHORITY ON THEIR TERRITORY;
-- THE EMERGENCY LEGAL POWER WHICH WAS GRANTED BY
THE ASSEMBLY TO THE GOVERNMENT TO ISSUE BINDING
DECREES IN TIME OF WAR WILL SOON BE "RETURNED" TO THE
ASSEMBLY;
--IT IS NECESSARY TO SECURE DISCIPLINE IN CROATIAN
ARMY UNITS. NO PARALLEL MILITARY FORMATIONS CAN BE
TOLERATED;
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 06 OF 09 310740Z
-- THE SIZE AND MISSION OF THE CROATIAN ARMY MUST BE
CLEARLY DEFINED. "CROATIA MUST NOT BE A MILITARISTIC
COUNTRY." IN THE FUTURE, THE GOVERNMENT WILL MORE
CLOSELY CONTROL CROATIAN ARMY EXPENSES. JNA BARRACKS
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 07 OF 09 310742Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A90 310743Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0664
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1596
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 07 OF 09 310742Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0815
USIA WASHDC 1358
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0283
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 07 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
HAVE TO BE RETURNED TO THE CITIES FOR CIVILIAN USE.
THOSE WHICH HAVE "FAVORABLE LOCATIONS" COULD BE
OFFERED TO THE U.N. PEACEKEEPING FORCES IN CROATIA;
-- THE GOVERNMENT IS MAKING EFFORTS TO SOLVE THE
REPUBLIC'S ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. BECAUSE PRODUCTION HAS
TO BE STIMULATED, MILITARY FORCES HAVE TO BE
REDUCED. THE GOVERNMENT IS ALSO WORKING SERIOUSLY ON
A PRIVATIZATION PROGRAM.
-
13. CROATS OUSIDE OF THE GOVERNMENT HAVE ALSO BECOME
CONCERNED WITH WHAT EFFECT THE FIGHT AGAINST THE
SO-CALLED "FIFTH COLUMN" OF DISLOYAL SERBS AND OTHERS
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 07 OF 09 310742Z
HAS DONE TO THE STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA. THE
WELL RESPECTED, INDEPENDENT POLITICAL WEEKLY "DANAS"
HAS CONSISTENTLY OVER THE PAST SEVERAL MONTHS RAISED
THE SPECTER OF AN ELABORATE STATE SECURITY APPARATUS
EXISTING BEYOND THE CONTROL OF THE GOVERNMENT, UNDER
THE CONTROL OF LONG-TIME TRUSTED TUDJMAN CRONY JOSIP
MANOLIC (A SECURITY OFFICIAL UNDER FORMER COMMUNIST
REGIMES) AND ANSWERABLE ONLY TO TUDJMAN. THE CIRCLE
THAT SERVES AS THE CROATIAN PRESIDENT'S REAL ADVISERS
GROWS TIGHTER, WITH DISPROPORTIONATE POWER RESTING IN
THE HANDS OF AN EVER SMALLER GROUP. THE RECENT
PETITION DRIVE OF YOUTH OPPOSITION LEADERS CALLING
FOR THE RESIGNATION OF MEDIA CZAR ANTON VRDOLJAK
(ANOTHER CLOSE TUDJMAN ADVISER) IS ANOTHER REFLECTION
OF THIS CONCERN.
TUDJMAN: THE NEW CROATIAN HUMAN RIGHTS MAN?
--------------
14. AT A FEBRUARY 3 PRESS CONFERENCE, THE CROATIAN
PRESIDENT, FRANJO TUDJMAN, ENDORSED A CALL BY THE
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF HIS OWN PARTY FOR A "POLITICAL
ACTION" AGAINST ABUSE AND CRIME. "LEGALITY HAS TO
RULE IN CROATIA", SAID TUDJMAN AND "CROATIA MUST BE A
LEGAL STATE WHICH IS AGAINST ALL FORM OF ABUSE AND
ARBITRARINESS." ACCORDING TO JOURNALISTS, TUDJMAN
NOTED THAT IN ADDITION TO THE LEGAL AND POLITICAL
PROBLEMS INHERENT IN THE CROAT-SERB RELATIONSHIP, A
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEM IS ALSO PRESENT. THE CROATIAN
PRESIDENT REPORTEDLY CALLED FOR A CONCILIATORY HAND
TO BE EXTENDED TO THOSE "WHO PROVOKED THE WAR."
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 07 OF 09 310742Z
15. IN RECENT DAYS, TUDJMAN HAS CONTINUED HIS HUMAN
RIGHTS OFFENSIVE, HOLDING CORDIAL MEETINGS WITH
DELEGATIONS FROM HELSINKI WATCH, THE EC, AND A LOCAL
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 08 OF 09 310744Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212AB2 310744Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0665
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1597
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 08 OF 09 310744Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0816
USIA WASHDC 1359
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0284
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 08 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
AMNESTY COMMITTEE MADE UP OF SERBS AND OPPOSITION
FIGURES. IN PARTICULAR, CROATIA'S RESPONSE TO THE
HELSINKI WATCH REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN
CROATIA DID NOT HAVE THE DEFENSIVE, PRICKLY SLANT
WHICH THE GOVERNMENT NORMALLY TAKES IN RESPONDING TO
SUCH ALLEGATIONS. TO BE SURE, THE CROATIAN
GOVERNMENT TOOK THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHIDE HELSINKI
WATCH FOR NOT BEING MORE INTERESTED IN THE PLIGHT OF
CROATS IN THE SO-CALLED JNA-OCCUPIED REGIONS. BUT
THE CROATIAN REPLY WAS DETAILED AND REVEALED CLEARLY
THAT THE CROATS HAD TAKEN SERIOUSLY THE ALLEGATIONS.
16. EVEN MORE IMPORTANTLY, FOR THE FIRST TIME THE
CONFIDENTIAL
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PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 08 OF 09 310744Z
CROATS APPEARED TO REACT IN A CONSTRUCTIVE WAY TO THE
CHARGES AND ADMITTED SHORTCOMINGS IN ITS
RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF ALL OF ITS
CITIZENS. IN ITS INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT, THE TUDJMAN
GOVERNMENT DECLARED THAT "THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT IS
AWARE THAT SOME CRIMES HAVE BEEN COMMITTED ALSO BY
PERSONS WEARING THE UNIFORMS OF THE CROATIAN FORCES,"
BUT QUICKLY NOTED THAT "THESE PERSONS HAVE BEEN
ARRESTED AND PROSECUTED." THE STATEMENT ROUNDLY AND
UNEQUIVOCALLY CONDEMNED SUCH CRIMES, INDICATED THAT
THE GOVERNMENT HAD REQUESTED FROM ITS DEPARTMENTS
REPORTS ON VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONCLUDED
THAT "SPECIAL STRESS IS ON THEIR GREATER COMMITMENT
TO PREVENT THE RECURRENCE OF SIMILAR CASES." AND, IN
A MOST ATYPICAL TONE, EXPRESSED "THANKS TO THE
HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEE FOR THE ATTENTION IT HAS
DEDICATED TO THE EVENTS IN CROATIA AND FOR THE
ATTEMPT TO PRESENT THE FACTS ABOUT ABUSES IN AN
OBJECTIVE MANNER."
17. COMMENT: ARE WE BEGINNING TO SEE A KINDER,
GENTLER CROATIAN PRESIDENT ON THE ISSUE OF HUMAN
RIGHTS? WE WOULD LIKE TO BE ABLE TO CONCLUDE THAT
OUR MANY PROTESTATIONS TO TUDJMAN AND HIS AIDES ON
THESE QUESTIONS ARE FINALLY STARTING TO PAY
DIVIDENDS, BUT WE ARE NOT FULLY CONVINCED OF THIS.
FOR TUDJMAN, HUMAN RIGHTS IS STILL A NAGGING
POLITICAL ISSUE. OTHERS (GREGURIC, TOMAC) MAY BE
SINCERELY TROUBLED BY THIS INCREASING SPIRAL OF
VIOLENCE. FOR THEM, OUR PRESSURE AND THAT OF OTHERS
MAY HAVE HAD AN IMPACT IN MAKING IT CLEAR TO THEM
CONFIDENTIAL
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 08 OF 09 310744Z
THAT ALONG WITH GRANTING RECOGNITION, THE WORLD WILL
INSIST ON CERTAIN STANDARDS IN TERMS OF HUMAN
RIGHTS. AS WE MOVE BEYOND THE WAR STAGE, THESE
PEOPLE ARE AWARE THAT THERE WILL BE NO MORE READY
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 09 OF 09 310745Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212AC9 310746Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0666
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1598
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 09 OF 09 310745Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0817
USIA WASHDC 1360
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0285
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 09 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
EXCUSES, AND CROATIA WILL HAVE TO COME TO GRIPS WITH
WHAT KIND OF DEMOCRACY IT WANTS. EINIK
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
SUMMARY
--------------
2. ALTHOUGH ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN THE WARRING
FACTIONS IN CROATIA CONTINUES TO BE OF CONCERN TO
SERBS AND CROATS, BOTH SIDES (WITH THE ARRIVAL OF UN
PEACEKEEPING FORCES) HAVE NOW APPARENTLY BEGUN TO
FOCUS ON A NEW STRATEGY -- THE FORCED EVACUATION OF
RESIDENTS OF THE OPPOSITE NATIONALITY FROM AREAS
UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE OTHER. EACH SIDE HAS MADE
SPECIFIC AND DETAILED CHARGES AGAINST THE OTHER,
ACCUSING THE GUILTY PARTY OF THREATS, ABUSES,
EXPULSIONS AND KILLINGS. ALTHOUGH THE CROATIAN
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PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 01 OF 09 310733Z
GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO VIEW HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES AS
POLITICAL QUESTIONS, SOME OFFICIALS, INCLUDING TO
SOME DEGREE PRESIDENT TUDJMAN, ARE BEGINNING TO MAKE
A CONNECTION BETWEEN TOLERATION OF VIOLATIONS OF THE
HUMAN RIGHTS OF SERBS IN CROATIA WITH THE DECLINING
STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN THE REPUBLIC. THE PRIME
MINISTER OF GOVERNMENT HAS SPOKEN OUT STRONGLY
AGAINST SUCH ABUSES AND INSISTED THAT THE CROATIAN
GOVERNMENT MUST RENEW ITS EMPHASIS ON RESPECT FOR THE
RIGHTS OF CITIZENS, PUBLIC ORDER AND PEACE. TUDJMAN,
IN RECENT DAYS, HAS RECEIVED HUMAN RIGHTS DELEGATIONS
FROM HELSINKI WATCH AND THE EC, AND A DOMESTIC
AMNESTY COMMITTEE MADE UP OF SERBS AND OPPOSITION
POLITICAL FIGURES. IN SPITE OF HELSINKI WATCH'S
STRONG CONDEMNATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN
CROATIA, TUDJMAN HELD A CORDIAL MEETING WITH THE
ORGANIZATION'S REPRESENTATIVES AND PROVIDED A
WELL-CONSIDERED, DETAILED WRITTEN RESPONSE TO THEIR
FINDINGS. IN A COMPLETE CHANGE OF TONE, THE
GOVERNMENT'S REPLY THANKED HELSINKI WATCH FOR ITS
INTEREST IN EVENTS IN CROATIA AND THE OBJECTIVE
EVALUATION OF ITS REPORT.
-
3. WESTERN PRESSURE ON THIS ISSUE HAS HAD SOME
SUCCESS, AT LEAST IN TERMS OF ATTITUDINAL SHIFTS BY
CROATIAN LEADERS. IT IS NOT CLEAR, HOWEVER, THAT
THIS HAS TRANSLATED INTO MORE FORCEFUL ACTION TO CURB
ABUSES. IF ANYTHING, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ON THE
CROAT SIDE MAY HAVE INCREASED IN RECENT WEEKS. WE
HAVE NOT SENSED A CONCURRENT UPSURGE IN
INVESTIGATIONS AND ARRESTS (THOUGH THE PICTURE ON
CONFIDENTIAL
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 01 OF 09 310733Z
THIS IS UNCLEAR). THE GOVERNMENT'S ABILITY TO IMPOSE
THE RULE OF LAW ON THE GROUND IS GREATLY RESTRICTED
BY THE WAR. END SUMMARY.
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 02 OF 09 310735Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A01 310735Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0659
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1591
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 02 OF 09 310735Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0810
USIA WASHDC 1353
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0278
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 02 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
THE SERBIAN CHARGE: FEAR, EXPULSIONS AND
DISAPPEARANCES
-------------- --------------
4. WITH THE "HOT" WAR ABATING, DAMPENED BY THE
ARRIVAL OF UN PEACEKEEPING FORCES, THE FIGHT OVER
LAND (WITH ORDINARY CITIZENS AS THE COMBATANTS) IS
HEATING UP. EMBASSY BELGRADE AND CONGEN ZAGREB HAVE
REPORTED ON THE EFFORTS OF BOTH SIDES TO FORCE
CIVILIANS TO FLEE THEIR HOMES AND RESETTLE EITHER
CROATS OR SERBS IN THE ABANDONED PROPERTIES IN ORDER
TO REARRANGE THE ETHNIC MAKE-UP OF ENTIRE VILLAGES
AND TOWNS. EVEN IN THE LARGER CITIES, THERE HAVE
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 02 OF 09 310735Z
BEEN CHARGES THAT A CLIMATE OF FEAR AND INTIMIDATION
HAS BEEN CREATED TO PRESSURE MEMBERS OF ONE ETHNIC
GROUP TO LEAVE, THEREBY REDUCING THE PERCENTAGE OF
THAT GROUP WITHIN THE OVERALL POPULATION. THE
FOLLOWING SCORE CARDS ARE NOT ALL-INCLUSIVE, OTHERS
SUCH AS HELSINKI WATCH HAVE MORE RESOURCES TO COMPILE
SUCH DATA. THE OBJECTIVE HERE IS RATHER TO HIGHLIGHT
THE MAJOR CASES AND GIVE A SENSE OF THE ATMOSPHERE AS
THE UN PEACEKEEPERS BEGIN TO ARRIVE.
-
5. ON THE SERB SIDE, CASES OF ABUSE ARE REPORTED
ALMOST DAILY IN THE BELGRADE PRESS. LOCAL ZAGREB
BASED HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS ARE ALSO KEEPING TRACK,
THOUGH IT IS DIFFICULT TO VERIFY THE REPORTS OF EVEN
THE MOST CREDIBLE SOURCE. FOR AN UPDATE, WE SPOKE
WITH SERBIAN ACTIVIST MILORAD PUPOVAC ON MARCH 25,
WHO CONFIRMED THAT PRESSURE CONTINUES TO BE EXERTED
ON THE SERBIAN COMMUNITY OF CROATIA. PUPOVAC AGAIN
EXPRESSED PARTICULAR CONCERN ABOUT THE FORCED FLIGHT
OF URBAN SERBS. MOST RECENTLY, IN THE MAJOR COASTAL
CITY OF ZADAR, THE SERBIAN LEADER CLAIMED THAT THE
HOMES AND PROPERTY OF SERBS WHO HAVE TEMPORARILY LEFT
ARE BEING "MINED AND BLOWN UP." IN THE CASE OF
ZAGREB, PUPOVAC ESTIMATED THAT PERHAPS HALF OF THE
SERBS WHO HAD BEEN RESIDING IN THE CROATIAN CAPITAL
HAD LEFT, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY. HE POINTED TO THE
NON-PAYMENT OF PENSIONS TO RETIRED JNA OFFICERS
(WHICH HE SAID HAD A GREATER IMPACT ON THE SERBIAN
COMMUNITY) AS A SERIOUS MATTER WHICH COULD LEAD TO
ABANDONMENT OF HOUSES AND APARTMENTS SINCE THE
RESIDENT ARE UNABLE TO PAY FOR UTILITY SERVICES AND
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 02 OF 09 310735Z
OTHER RELATED EXPENSES. (FYI: WE HAVE MIXED REPORTS
ON THIS, WITH SOME SERBS SAYING THEY CONTINUE TO
ROUTINELY RECEIVE THEIR JNA PENSIONS.)
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 03 OF 09 310736Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A0B 310736Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0660
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1592
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 03 OF 09 310736Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0811
USIA WASHDC 1354
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0279
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 03 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
6. AS HE DID IN OUR PREVIOUS MEETINGS, PUPOVAC CITED
A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC AND DETAILED ABUSES AGAINST
SERBS. HE ADMITTED THAT SOME OF THE INCIDENTS HAD
BEEN INVESTIGATED BY CROATIAN OFFICIALS. BUT WHILE
MANY IN THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT UNDERSTOOD THAT THOSE
RESPONSIBLE SHOULD BE PUNISHED, IT APPEARED THAT THE
MORE HARD-LINE ELEMENT HOLDS GREAT SWAY AT THE
MOMENT. HERE ARE SOME OF THE SPECIFICS PUPOVAC
CITED. (FYI: ALL OF THESE CASES HAVE BEEN REPORTED
EARLIER BY EITHER CONGEN, EMBASSY OR HELSINKI WATCH.)
-
-- GOSPIC: PUPOVAC SAID 180 SERBS HAD DISAPPEARED
THERE. SIXTY-THREE WERE CONFIRMED DEAD, THE REST ARE
CONFIDENTIAL
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PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 03 OF 09 310736Z
PRESUMED JAILED OR DEAD. IN SEPARATE INSTANCES,
SERBS FROM ZAGREB HAD BEEN KIDNAPPED FROM ZAGREB AND
TAKEN TO GOSPIC. WE HAVE BEEN TOLD BY SEVERAL OF OUR
CONTACTS THAT THE CROATIAN SIDE WAS KIDNAPPING SERBS
TO USE AS BARTER TO OBTAIN THE RETURN OF CAPTURED
CROATIAN CIVILIANS.
-- PUPOVAC SAID SERBS WHO RETURNED TO THEIR HOMES
AFTER FLEEING THE FIGHTING WERE BEING MISTREATED. HE
CITED THE CASE OF DARUVAR, WHERE HE SAID SIGNS WERE
POSTED LISTING 9,000 NAMES OF AREA SERB RESIDENTS;
THESE SIGNS ACCUSED ALL OF THEM OF BEING ENEMIES OF
CROATIA AND CALLED FOR THEIR EXPULSION.
-- HE SAID 100 SERBS FROM VIROVITICA HAD DISAPPEARED.
7. MORE GENERALLY, PUPOVAC SAID THAT WHILE HE FOUND
SOME MEMBERS OF THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT INDIVIDUALLY
UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEED TO COME TO TERMS WITH THE
PROBLEMS FACING SERB-CROAT RELATIONS IN AN
INDEPENDENT CROATIA (HE SPECIFICALLY SPOKE OF HAVING
A LONG AND USEFUL TALK WITH OPPOSITION LEADER DRAZEN
BUDISA WHILE HE WAS STILL IN THE GOVERNMENT AND OF
GOOD CONTACTS WITH SAVKA DABCEVIC-KUCAR, AN
UNANNOUNCED CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT),TUDJMAN HIMSELF
DOES NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT CREDIBILITY WITH SERBS TO
REACH AN ACCORD WITH THEM, AND THE CROATIAN
GOVERNMENT AS A WHOLE IS NOT READY TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEMS OF URBAN SERBS IN CROATIA. IN HIS MOST
PESSIMISTIC NOTE, PUPOVAC SPECULATED THAT CROATIAN
AUTHORITIES ARE ACTUALLY HOPING THAT THE FEAR AND
CONFIDENTIAL
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 03 OF 09 310736Z
PRESSURES NOW ON URBAN SERBS WILL HELP REDUCE THE
POPULATION TO BELOW 8 PERCENT OF THE REPUBLIC'S
TOTAL, THEREBY EXCLUDING IT FROM THE GUARANTEES FOR
REPRESENTATION AS SPELLED OUT IN THE NEW ELECTION
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 04 OF 09 310737Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A25 310738Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0661
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1593
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 04 OF 09 310737Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0812
USIA WASHDC 1355
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0280
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 04 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
LAW. HE CLAIMED THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT WAS TRYING
TO DRIVE OUT MILAN DUKIC, THE LONELY SERB IN THE
CROATIAN ASSEMBLY. (NOTE: MANY HERE BELIEVE THAT
DUKIC READILY PLAYS THE ROLE OF THE "GOOD SERB" AND
EVEN RECEIVES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR HIS PARTY FROM
THE GOVERNMENT. DUKIC HAS NEVER, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE,
EXPRESSED ANY CONCERN FOR HIS WELL-BEING, OR ANY
INTENTION TO ABANDON CROATIA.)
8. ALTHOUGH PUPOVAC'S ALLEGATIONS ARE THE MORE
DETAILED AND SPECIFIC, OTHERS (INCLUDING CROATS) HAVE
EXPRESSED SIMILAR CONCERNS ABOUT THE STATE OF HUMAN
RIGHTS IN CROATIA. DUKIC, DESPITE THE DOUBTS ABOUT
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PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 04 OF 09 310737Z
HIS BONIFIDES TO SPEAK AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
SERBIAN PEOPLE, HAS RECENTLY BEEN MORE ASSERTIVE IN
DENOUNCING ABUSES AGAINST SERBS IN THE REPUBLIC.
CROATIAN OPPOSITION POLITICAL FIGURES, SUCH AS SAVKA
DABCEVIC KUCAR OF THE CROATIAN NATIONAL PARTY AND
DRAZEN BUDISA OF THE CROATIAN SOCIAL LIBERAL PARTY
HAVE, WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF DECRYING THE
CONCENTRATION OF POWER IN THE HANDS OF ONE MAN AND
THE INCREASING SENSE OF VITUAL LAWLESSNESS IN SOME
PARTS OF THE REPUBLIC, COMPLAINED OF THE DECREASING
RESPECT FOR DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES.
THE CROATIAN CHARGE: FEAR, EXPULSIONS AND KILLINGS
-------------- --------------
9. THE CROATS, TOO, HAVE MADE A CASE FOR THE ABUSE
AND GRIEVOUS MISTREATMENT OF CROATIAN RESIDENTS BY
JNA/SERB FORCES IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF
CROATIA- WE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING ILLUSTRATIVE
INFORMATION REPORTED IN THE CROATIAN MEDIA:
-- ON MARCH 15, 139 CROATIAN CITIZENS OF THE VILLAGE
OF BOKSIC, NEAR VUKOVAR, WERE EXPELLED BY SERBIAN
TERRITORIAL DEFENSE UNITS FROM THE NEARBY VILLAGE OF
CAKOVAC.
-
-- IN TORDINCI, A VILLAGE IN SLAVONIA WHICH HAS BEEN
UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE JNA FOR ALMOST FIVE MONTHS,
30 INNOCENT PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED. THE CROATS
ALLEGED THAT THEIR BODIES WERE BURIED IN A MASS GRAVE
NEAR THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.
CONFIDENTIAL
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 04 OF 09 310737Z
-- FROM THE ILOK REGION, 12,000 PEOPLE HAVE
REPORTEDLY BEEN EXPELLED. AFTER THE EXODUS, ONLY
3,780 CROATS REMAIN. IN THIS REGION, BEFORE THE
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 05 OF 09 310738Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A3B 310739Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0662
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1594
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 05 OF 09 310738Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0813
USIA WASHDC 1356
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0281
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 05 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
FIGHTING, SERBS WERE IN THE MINORITY. ACCORDING TO
CROATIAN FIGURES, THE POPULATION HAD BEEN COMPRISED
OF 11,500 CROATS (71 PERCENT) AND 2,000 SERBS (12
PERCENT).
-- ON JANUARY 19, 64 PEOPLE FROM AN AREA AROUND
BENKOVAC WERE FORCED TO ABANDON THEIR HOMES AFTER THE
JNA FAILED TO PROVIDE SECURITY FROM POTENTIAL ATTACKS
FROM CHETNIK BANDS.
-- ON JANUARY 22, 110 PEOPLE OF CROATIAN NATIONALITY
WERE "EXILED" BY THE JNA FROM THEIR VILLAGES IN THE
BENKOVAC COMMUNITY.
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PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 05 OF 09 310738Z
THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT: GROWING CONCERNS
--------------
10. ALTHOUGH THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO
VIEW HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES AS POLITICAL PROBLEMS, WHICH
ACCOUNTS FOR ITS ALMOST TIT-FOR-TAT REPORTING OF
SERBIAN VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF CROATS, THERE IS
A GROWING SENSE THAT THE OVERALL SECURITY SITUATION
IN THE REPUBLIC IS SPIRALLING OUT OF CONTROL.
GENERAL CRIME IS ON THE RISE AND THERE IS A GROWING
BREAKDOWN OF LAW AND ORDER. AT LEAST SOME OFFICIALS
IN THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT HAVE MADE THE CONNECTION
BETWEEN TOLERATION OF VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
AGAINST SERBS AND THE DECLINING STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN
THE REPUBLIC.
-
11. IN AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN THE JANUARY 31
EDITION OF THE POLITICAL INFLUENTIAL DAILY "VJESNIK",
SOME CASES WERE REVEALED ABOUT THE BEHAVIOR OF
PERSONS IN CROATIAN UNIFORMS AND LOCAL OFFICIALS FOR
WHOM THE WAR HAS BECOME A COVER-UP FOR THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF NUMEROUS PRIVATE, COLLECTIVE AND PARTY
INTERESTS ACCORDING TO "VJESNIK":
-- A RULE WAS ESTABLISHED IN KARLOVAC THAT EACH
DYNAMITING OR SHELLING OF CROATIAN HOUSES IN THE
KARLOVAC SUBURBS (THE ZONE WHICH IS UNDER SERB/JNA
CONTROL) WOULD RESULT IN RETALIATORY EXPLOSIONS OF
HOUSES OF EXILED SERBS;
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 05 OF 09 310738Z
-- IN ZADAR, UNIFORMED "DEFENDERS", INSTEAD OF
DEFENDING THEIR CITY, "DEFENDED" WITH GUNS THE
APARTMENTS OF JNA OFFICERS WHO HAD MOVED AWAY;
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 06 OF 09 310740Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A4E 310740Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0663
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1595
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 06 OF 09 310740Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0814
USIA WASHDC 1357
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0282
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 06 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
-- ON THE WESTERN SLAVONIA FRONT, ONE CROATIAN UNIT
"KEPT SECRET" FOR TWO DAYS THEIR ENTRY INTO ONE OF
THE MORE PROSPEROUS SERBIAN VILLAGES IN ORDER TO HAVE
ENOUGH TIME TO "CLEAN IT UP";
-- UNIFORMED PERSONS ENTER LOCAL BARS WITH THEIR
FIREARMS, SHOOTING TO QUIET DOWN THE MUSIC, AND
DRINKING AT THE EXPENSE OF "CROATIA". PASSING
THROUGH SERBIAN VILLAGES, THESE PERSONS FIRE OFF
THEIR WEAPONS IN ORDER TO CREATE A "WAR ATMOSPHERE"
AND CALL INTO QUESTION THE SECURITY OF THE LOCAL
POPULATION;
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 06 OF 09 310740Z
-- EXECUTIVE ORGANS HOLD "ALL POWER" IN LOCAL
COMMUNITIES AND ACT WITH IMPUNITY IN THEIR DEALINGS
WITH RESIDENTS, ESPECIALLY SERBS.
12. IN A MARCH 5 PRESS CONFERENCE, CROATIAN PRIME
MINISTER, FRANJO GREGURIC, EXPRESSED EXPLICIT CONCERN
OVER THESE NEGATIVE TRENDS. AMONG OTHER POINTS, HE
STATED THAT:
-
-- THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT MUST RENEW ITS EMPHASIS
ON RESPECT FOR CITIZENS' RIGHTS, PUBLIC ORDER AND
PEACE. "THOSE WHO DO NOT WISH TO FOLLOW SUCH A
POLICY", SAID GREGURIC, "WILL HAVE TO LEAVE."
BURGLARIES, ROBBERIES AND BOMBINGS OF PRIVATE HOMES
AND BUILDINGS MUST STOP;
-- THE GOVERNMENT HAS PROPOSED AND PRESIDENT
TUDJMAN HAS ACCEPTED, THE ABOLISHMENT OF THE
REPUBLICAN AND COMMUNITY CRISIS HEADQUARTERS. LOCAL
EXECUTIVE COUNCILS, AS THE LEGAL CIVIL AUTHORITIES,
MUST REGAIN AUTHORITY ON THEIR TERRITORY;
-- THE EMERGENCY LEGAL POWER WHICH WAS GRANTED BY
THE ASSEMBLY TO THE GOVERNMENT TO ISSUE BINDING
DECREES IN TIME OF WAR WILL SOON BE "RETURNED" TO THE
ASSEMBLY;
--IT IS NECESSARY TO SECURE DISCIPLINE IN CROATIAN
ARMY UNITS. NO PARALLEL MILITARY FORMATIONS CAN BE
TOLERATED;
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 06 OF 09 310740Z
-- THE SIZE AND MISSION OF THE CROATIAN ARMY MUST BE
CLEARLY DEFINED. "CROATIA MUST NOT BE A MILITARISTIC
COUNTRY." IN THE FUTURE, THE GOVERNMENT WILL MORE
CLOSELY CONTROL CROATIAN ARMY EXPENSES. JNA BARRACKS
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 07 OF 09 310742Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212A90 310743Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0664
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1596
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 07 OF 09 310742Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0815
USIA WASHDC 1358
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0283
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 07 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
HAVE TO BE RETURNED TO THE CITIES FOR CIVILIAN USE.
THOSE WHICH HAVE "FAVORABLE LOCATIONS" COULD BE
OFFERED TO THE U.N. PEACEKEEPING FORCES IN CROATIA;
-- THE GOVERNMENT IS MAKING EFFORTS TO SOLVE THE
REPUBLIC'S ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. BECAUSE PRODUCTION HAS
TO BE STIMULATED, MILITARY FORCES HAVE TO BE
REDUCED. THE GOVERNMENT IS ALSO WORKING SERIOUSLY ON
A PRIVATIZATION PROGRAM.
-
13. CROATS OUSIDE OF THE GOVERNMENT HAVE ALSO BECOME
CONCERNED WITH WHAT EFFECT THE FIGHT AGAINST THE
SO-CALLED "FIFTH COLUMN" OF DISLOYAL SERBS AND OTHERS
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 07 OF 09 310742Z
HAS DONE TO THE STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA. THE
WELL RESPECTED, INDEPENDENT POLITICAL WEEKLY "DANAS"
HAS CONSISTENTLY OVER THE PAST SEVERAL MONTHS RAISED
THE SPECTER OF AN ELABORATE STATE SECURITY APPARATUS
EXISTING BEYOND THE CONTROL OF THE GOVERNMENT, UNDER
THE CONTROL OF LONG-TIME TRUSTED TUDJMAN CRONY JOSIP
MANOLIC (A SECURITY OFFICIAL UNDER FORMER COMMUNIST
REGIMES) AND ANSWERABLE ONLY TO TUDJMAN. THE CIRCLE
THAT SERVES AS THE CROATIAN PRESIDENT'S REAL ADVISERS
GROWS TIGHTER, WITH DISPROPORTIONATE POWER RESTING IN
THE HANDS OF AN EVER SMALLER GROUP. THE RECENT
PETITION DRIVE OF YOUTH OPPOSITION LEADERS CALLING
FOR THE RESIGNATION OF MEDIA CZAR ANTON VRDOLJAK
(ANOTHER CLOSE TUDJMAN ADVISER) IS ANOTHER REFLECTION
OF THIS CONCERN.
TUDJMAN: THE NEW CROATIAN HUMAN RIGHTS MAN?
--------------
14. AT A FEBRUARY 3 PRESS CONFERENCE, THE CROATIAN
PRESIDENT, FRANJO TUDJMAN, ENDORSED A CALL BY THE
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF HIS OWN PARTY FOR A "POLITICAL
ACTION" AGAINST ABUSE AND CRIME. "LEGALITY HAS TO
RULE IN CROATIA", SAID TUDJMAN AND "CROATIA MUST BE A
LEGAL STATE WHICH IS AGAINST ALL FORM OF ABUSE AND
ARBITRARINESS." ACCORDING TO JOURNALISTS, TUDJMAN
NOTED THAT IN ADDITION TO THE LEGAL AND POLITICAL
PROBLEMS INHERENT IN THE CROAT-SERB RELATIONSHIP, A
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEM IS ALSO PRESENT. THE CROATIAN
PRESIDENT REPORTEDLY CALLED FOR A CONCILIATORY HAND
TO BE EXTENDED TO THOSE "WHO PROVOKED THE WAR."
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 07 OF 09 310742Z
15. IN RECENT DAYS, TUDJMAN HAS CONTINUED HIS HUMAN
RIGHTS OFFENSIVE, HOLDING CORDIAL MEETINGS WITH
DELEGATIONS FROM HELSINKI WATCH, THE EC, AND A LOCAL
CONFIDENTIAL
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 08 OF 09 310744Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212AB2 310744Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0665
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1597
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 08 OF 09 310744Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0816
USIA WASHDC 1359
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0284
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 08 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
AMNESTY COMMITTEE MADE UP OF SERBS AND OPPOSITION
FIGURES. IN PARTICULAR, CROATIA'S RESPONSE TO THE
HELSINKI WATCH REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN
CROATIA DID NOT HAVE THE DEFENSIVE, PRICKLY SLANT
WHICH THE GOVERNMENT NORMALLY TAKES IN RESPONDING TO
SUCH ALLEGATIONS. TO BE SURE, THE CROATIAN
GOVERNMENT TOOK THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHIDE HELSINKI
WATCH FOR NOT BEING MORE INTERESTED IN THE PLIGHT OF
CROATS IN THE SO-CALLED JNA-OCCUPIED REGIONS. BUT
THE CROATIAN REPLY WAS DETAILED AND REVEALED CLEARLY
THAT THE CROATS HAD TAKEN SERIOUSLY THE ALLEGATIONS.
16. EVEN MORE IMPORTANTLY, FOR THE FIRST TIME THE
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 03 ZAGREB 00468 08 OF 09 310744Z
CROATS APPEARED TO REACT IN A CONSTRUCTIVE WAY TO THE
CHARGES AND ADMITTED SHORTCOMINGS IN ITS
RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF ALL OF ITS
CITIZENS. IN ITS INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT, THE TUDJMAN
GOVERNMENT DECLARED THAT "THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT IS
AWARE THAT SOME CRIMES HAVE BEEN COMMITTED ALSO BY
PERSONS WEARING THE UNIFORMS OF THE CROATIAN FORCES,"
BUT QUICKLY NOTED THAT "THESE PERSONS HAVE BEEN
ARRESTED AND PROSECUTED." THE STATEMENT ROUNDLY AND
UNEQUIVOCALLY CONDEMNED SUCH CRIMES, INDICATED THAT
THE GOVERNMENT HAD REQUESTED FROM ITS DEPARTMENTS
REPORTS ON VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONCLUDED
THAT "SPECIAL STRESS IS ON THEIR GREATER COMMITMENT
TO PREVENT THE RECURRENCE OF SIMILAR CASES." AND, IN
A MOST ATYPICAL TONE, EXPRESSED "THANKS TO THE
HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEE FOR THE ATTENTION IT HAS
DEDICATED TO THE EVENTS IN CROATIA AND FOR THE
ATTEMPT TO PRESENT THE FACTS ABOUT ABUSES IN AN
OBJECTIVE MANNER."
17. COMMENT: ARE WE BEGINNING TO SEE A KINDER,
GENTLER CROATIAN PRESIDENT ON THE ISSUE OF HUMAN
RIGHTS? WE WOULD LIKE TO BE ABLE TO CONCLUDE THAT
OUR MANY PROTESTATIONS TO TUDJMAN AND HIS AIDES ON
THESE QUESTIONS ARE FINALLY STARTING TO PAY
DIVIDENDS, BUT WE ARE NOT FULLY CONVINCED OF THIS.
FOR TUDJMAN, HUMAN RIGHTS IS STILL A NAGGING
POLITICAL ISSUE. OTHERS (GREGURIC, TOMAC) MAY BE
SINCERELY TROUBLED BY THIS INCREASING SPIRAL OF
VIOLENCE. FOR THEM, OUR PRESSURE AND THAT OF OTHERS
MAY HAVE HAD AN IMPACT IN MAKING IT CLEAR TO THEM
CONFIDENTIAL
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PAGE 04 ZAGREB 00468 08 OF 09 310744Z
THAT ALONG WITH GRANTING RECOGNITION, THE WORLD WILL
INSIST ON CERTAIN STANDARDS IN TERMS OF HUMAN
RIGHTS. AS WE MOVE BEYOND THE WAR STAGE, THESE
PEOPLE ARE AWARE THAT THERE WILL BE NO MORE READY
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PAGE 01 ZAGREB 00468 09 OF 09 310745Z
ACTION EUR-01
INFO LOG-00 AID-01 AMAD-01 CIAE-00 C-01 DODE-00 CISA-02
EB-01 HA-09 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 IO-19 LAB-04
L-03 ADS-00 NSAE-00 OIC-02 OMB-01 PA-01 PM-01
PRS-01 P-01 RP-10 SCT-03 SIL-01 SNP-01 SP-01
SR-01 SSO-00 SS-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 T-01 /090W
-------------- 212AC9 310746Z /38
O 310728Z MAR 92
FM AMCONSUL ZAGREB
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0666
INFO AMEMBASSY BELGRADE IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY ANKARA
AMEMBASSY ATHENS
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AMEMBASSY LISBON
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY LUXEMBOURG
AMEMBASSY MADRID
AMCONSUL MILAN
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMCONSUL MUNICH
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
AMEMBASSY VIENNA
USMISSION USNATO 1598
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PAGE 02 ZAGREB 00468 09 OF 09 310745Z
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0817
USIA WASHDC 1360
COMSIXTHFLT//N2//
CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON//N24//
USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ3/ECJ5//
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC 0285
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 09 OF 09 ZAGREB 00468
SIPDIS
BRUSSELS ALSO FOR USEC; VIENNA ALSO FOR USDEL CSBM
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: SERBS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A QUESTION OF
DEMOCRACY IN CROATIA
-
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
EXCUSES, AND CROATIA WILL HAVE TO COME TO GRIPS WITH
WHAT KIND OF DEMOCRACY IT WANTS. EINIK
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