Identifier
Created
Classification
Origin
92LONDON37
1992-01-02 17:15:00
UNCLASSIFIED
Embassy London
Cable title:  

UNITED KINGDOM: 1991 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT

Tags:  PTER UK 
pdf how-to read a cable
R 021715Z JAN 92
FM AMEMBASSY LONDON
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 6228
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 LONDON 00037 


S/CT FOR BREELAND

E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PTER UK
SUBJECT: UNITED KINGDOM: 1991 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT

REF: STATE 346420

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 LONDON 00037


S/CT FOR BREELAND

E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PTER UK
SUBJECT: UNITED KINGDOM: 1991 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT

REF: STATE 346420


1. FOLLOWING IS EMBASSY INPUT FOR THE UK PORTION OF THE
1991 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT. RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS
POSED IN PARA 5 REFTEL ARE CONTAINED IN PARAS 3-10 BELOW.


2. EMBASSY SUGGESTS THAT THE FINAL REPORT INCORPORATE
IN SOME FASHION THE FOLLOWING POINTS ON THE THREAT POSED
BY TERRORISM TO THE UNITED KINGDOM:

-- FOR TWO DECADES THE UNITED KINGDOM HAS FACED ONE OF
THE MOST DETERMINED, SOPHISTICATED AND LETHAL
TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS IN THE WORLD IN THE FORM OF
THE PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (PIRA) AND
ITS OFFSHOOTS, MOST NOTABLY THE IRISH NATIONAL
LIBERATION ARMY (INLA) AND THE IRISH PEOPLE'S
LIBERATION ORGANIZATION (IPLO).

-- THE ANNOUNCED AIM OF THE PIRA IS TO BRING ABOUT THE
INCORPORATION OF NORTHERN IRELAND (AND THE REPUBLIC
OF IRELAND) INTO A NEW, RADICALLY SOCIALIST, UNITED
IRISH STATE. ITS METHODS INCLUDE KILLING OF POLICE
AND BRITISH ARMY FORCES IN NORTHERN IRELAND, GREAT
BRITAIN AND THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT, AND BOMBING OF
SHOPS, FACTORIES AND TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
THROUGHOUT THE UNITED KINGDOM.

-- LARGELY IN RESPONSE TO PIRA ATTACKS, "LOYALIST"
TERRORIST GROUPS SUCH AS THE ULSTER VOLUNTEER FORCE
(UVF) AND ULSTER FREEDOM FIGHTERS (UFF) OVER THE
YEARS HAVE MURDERED HUNDREDS OF CATHOLICS SUSPECTED
OF "REPUBLICAN" SYMPATHIES.

-- THE TOTAL NUMBER OF FATALTIES RESULTING FROM THE
NORTHERN IRELAND "TROUBLES" SINCE 1969 NOW EXCEEDS
3,000. WHILE BOTH "REPUBLICAN" AND "LOYALIST"
PARAMILITARIES INSIST THEY TARGET ONLY SECURITY
FORCES AND TERRORISTS ON THE OTHER SIDE, MOST OF
THEIR VICTIMS HAVE IN FACT BEEN CIVILIANS.

-- DIRECT ECONOMIC DAMAGES RESULTING FROM BOMBING AND
ARSON, WHILE WELL BELOW THE LEVEL OF THE EARLY
1970'S, STILL RUN INTO THE TENS OF MILLIONS OF
DOLLARS A YEAR, AND THE ECONOMIC COST OF LOST
INVESTMENT AND PRODUCTION IS MUCH HIGHER.

-- PIRA IS BELIEVED TO HAVE ACQUIRED LARGE STOCKS OF
ARMS AND EXPLOSIVES FROM LIBYA.

-- INCIDENTS AND THREATS OF TERRORISM OTHER THAN THOSE
FLOWING FROM THE NORTHERN IRELAND SITUATION ARE
RELATIVELY FEW, BUT NOT INSIGNIFICANT. BRITISH
AUTHOR SALMAN RUSHDIE REMAINS UNDER THREAT FROM AN
ASSASSINATION ORDER BY THE LATE AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI,
AND REQUIRES CONSTANT POLICE PROTECTION. IN
ADDITION, BRITISH PARTICIPATION IN THE LIBERATION
OF KUWAIT, AND THE ISSUANCE OF ARREST WARRANTS

AGAINST LIBYAN OFFICIALS IN THE 1988 BOMBING OF PAN
AM 103, HAVE INCREASED THE UK'S SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
ATTACK BY RADICAL ARAB GROUPS.


3. HOST GOVERNMENT PROSECUTIONS INVOLVING INTERNATIONAL
TERRORISM AND/OR SIGNIFICANT ACTS OF DOMESTIC TERRORISM:

-- SIKH MILITANT PARAMJIT SINGH SIDHU AND TWO
ACCOMPLICES WERE CONVICTED IN JULY 1991 OF
CONSPIRING TO CAUSE EXPLOSIONS IN THE UK.

-- PROSECUTION OF SUSPECTED TERRORISTS IN NORTHERN
IRELAND CONTINUES AT A HIGH LEVEL: 131 WERE TRIED,
AND 122 CONVICTED, OF TERRORISM-RELATED OFFENSES IN
THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF 1991.


4. EXTRADITION OF SUSPECTED TERRORISTS FOR PROSECUTION:

-- THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT REQUESTED EXTRADITION OF
CONVICTED PIRA BOMBER ANGELO FUSCO FROM THE
REPUBLIC OF IRELAND IN DECEMBER 1991; FUSCO IS
CURRENTLY ON BAIL PENDING AN EXTRADITION HEARING.

-- PIRA BOMB-MAKER DESSIE ELLIS, WHO HAD SERVED EIGHT
YEARS IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND FOR MAKING BOMBS
FOR USE IN NORTHERN IRELAND, WAS EXTRADITED TO
LONDON IN NOVEMBER 1990 ON SIMILAR CHARGES
CONCERNING THE 1980-81 BOMBING CAMPAIGN IN GREAT
BRITAIN. IN OCTOBER 1991 ELLIS WAS ACQUITTED,
APPARENTLY HAVING CONVINCED A JURY THAT HE HAD
NEITHER KNOWN NOR INTENDED THAT HIS BOMBS WOULD BE
USED ON THE BRITISH MAINLAND.


5. SIGNIFICANT IMPEDIMENTS TO HOST GOVERNMENT
PROSECUTION AND/OR EXTRADITION OF SUSPECTED TERRORISTS:

-- AS A RESULT OF QUESTIONS ABOUT FORENSIC EVIDENCE
AND POLICE EXTRACTION OF CONFESSIONS, A NUMBER OF
PERSONS FORMERLY CONVICTED OF TERRORIST OFFENSES ON
THE BRITISH MAINLAND WERE RELEASED ON APPEAL DURING

1991.

-- EXTRADITION OF SUSPECTED TERRORISTS FROM THE
REPUBLIC OF IRELAND REMAINS A CONTENTIOUS ISSUE,
DESPITE IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCEDURES AND MUTUAL
CONFIDENCE RESULTING FROM THE 1985 ANGLO-IRISH
AGREEMENT AND DUBLIN'S 1987 RATIFICATION OF THE
EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON THE SUPPRESSION OF
TERRORISM. MANY IN IRELAND CONTINUE TO REGARD PIRA
ATTACKS IN THE UK AS "POLITICAL OFFENSES," AND
VIGOROUSLY OPPOSE THE EXTRADITION OF SUSPECTS IN
THESE CASES. THEY ALSO CONTINUE TO QUESTION
WHETHER IRISH SUSPECTS CAN RECEIVE FAIR TRIALS IN
BRITAIN.

-- ON NOVEMBER 15, 1991 THE IRISH SUPREME COURT DENIED
EXTRADITION OF TWO CONVICTED PIRA TERRORISTS WHO
WERE WANTED ON WEAPONS POSSESSION CHARGES IN THE
UK. THE COURT RULED THAT UNDER EXISTING IRISH LAW
POSSESSION -- AS OPPOSED TO USE -- OF WEAPONS WAS A
POLITICAL OFFENSE. THE IRISH GOVERNMENT
SUBSEQUENTLY PROMISED TO AMEND ITS LAWS TO CLOSE
THIS LOOPHOLE.


6. HOST GOVERNMENT RESPONSES OTHER THAN PROSECUTION:

-- UK POLICY REMAINS STEADFAST IN REFUSING TO
COUNTENANCE ANY CONCESSION TO TERRORISM, AND IS
WHOLLY CONSISTENT WITH U.S. POLICY.

-- UK OFFICIALS COOPERATED CLOSELY WITH THEIR U.S.
COUNTERPARTS IN INVESTIGATING THE 1988 BOMBING OF
PAN AM 103 OVER LOCKERBIE, SCOTLAND. WARRANTS HAVE
BEEN ISSUED FOR THE ARREST OF TWO LIBYAN OFFICIALS
BELIEVED TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BOMBING, AND THE
UK HAS JOINED THE U.S. IN DEMANDING CESSATION OF
LIBYAN SUPPORT FOR TERRORISM.

-- THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT'S MAIN LEGAL TOOLS IN THE
FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM ARE THE PREVENTION OF
TERRORISM (TEMPORARY PROVISIONS) ACT OF 1989 (PTA
AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND (EMERGENCY PROVISIONS) ACT
OF 1991 (EPA). BOTH ACTS RE-ENACTED AND AMENDED
PROVISIONS OF EARLIER LAWS.

-- UNDER THE PTA, THE HOME SECRETARY (OR THE SECRETARY
OF STATE FOR SCOTLAND OR NORTHERN IRELAND, AS
APPROPRIATE) MAY EXCLUDE PERSONS SUSPECTED OF
INVOLVEMENT WITH TERRORISM FROM ANY PART OR ALL OF
THE UNITED KINGDOM. POLICE MAY DETAIN SUSPECTED
TERRORISTS WITHOUT CHARGE FOR 48 HOURS, AND FOR A
FURTHER FIVE DAYS WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE
APPROPRIATE CABINET SECRETARY. IN THE FIRST THREE
QUARTERS OF 1991, 1,232 PERSONS WERE DETAINED UNDER
THE PTA, AND 440 EXTENSIONS BEYOND 48 HOURS WERE
GRANTED.

-- THE 1991 EPA CONSOLIDATED ALL THE COUNTERTERRORISM
PROVISIONS OF PREVIOUS LAWS THAT APPLIED
EXCLUSIVELY TO NORTHERN IRELAND. IT INTRODUCED NEW
OFFENSES OF DIRECTING A TERRORIST ORGANIZATION AND
POSSESSION OF ITEMS INTENDED FOR TERRORIST
PURPOSES, AND GAVE AUTHORITIES NEW POWERS TO
EXAMINE DOCUMENTS FOUND IN TERRORISM-RELATED
SEARCHES, TO SEIZE EQUIPMENT USED TO REOPEN CLOSED
BORDER CROSSINGS, TO INVESTIGATE THE FINANCING OF
TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS, AND TO CONFISCATE THE
PROCEEDS OF TERRORIST-RELATED ACTIVITIES.


7. MAJOR COUNTERTERRORISM EFFORTS UNDERTAKEN IN 1991 BY
THE HOST GOVERNMENT:

-- IN ORDER TO ERADICATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST
CATHOLICS IN NORTHERN IRELAND, WHICH FUELS SUPPORT
FOR THE PIRA, THE GOVERNMENT HAS VIGOROUSLY
ENFORCED THE 1989 FAIR EMPLOYMENT (NORTHERN
IRELAND) ACT. IT HAS ALSO INVESTED LARGE SUMS IN
INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
PROJECTS IN THE PROVINCE.

-- THE GOVERNMENT HAS DECLARED PIRA, INLA, IPLO, UVF
AND UFF TO BE "PROSCRIBED ORGANIZATIONS."
MEMBERSHIP IN THEM IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE, AND
DIRECT BROADCASTS BY THEIR SPOKESMEN ARE NOT
ALLOWED ON ELECTRONIC MEDIA.

-- IN RESPONSE TO AN INCREASE IN TERRORIST ATTACKS BY
LOYALIST GROUPS IN NORTHERN IRELAND, THE ROYAL
ULSTER CONSTABULARY IN OCTOBER ESTABLISHED A
SPECIAL POLICE UNIT TO COORDINATE INVESTIGATION OF
THESE ATTACKS. THE GOVERNMENT HAS ALSO AUGMENTED
THE RUC AND BRITISH ARMY FORCES IN NORTHERN IRELAND
TO COUNTER THE RECENT UPSURGE IN TERRORISM THERE.

-- THE UNITED KINGDOM PARTICIPATES ACTIVELY IN SEVERAL
INTERNATIONAL COUNTERTERRORISM FORA, COORDINATING
ITS POSITIONS AND ACTIVITIES CLOSELY WITH THE U.S.
AND OTHERS. IT ALSO PROVIDES COUNTERTERRORISM
ASSISTANCE AND EXPERTISE TO NUMEROUS GOVERNMENTS ON
A BILATERAL BASIS.


8. SIGNIFICANT HOST GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR
INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM:

-- THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT PROVIDES NO SUPPORT FOR ANY
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST ORGANIZATION, AND
COOPERATES CLOSELY WITH THE U.S. IN APPLYING
PRESSURE ON GOVERNMENTS THAT SUPPORT OR CONDONE
TERRORISM.


9. PUBLIC STATEMENTS IN SUPPORT OF TERRORIST-SUPPORTING
COUNTRIES:

-- THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT HAS MADE NO SUCH STATEMENTS.


10. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES SINCE 1990 IN HOST GOVERNMENT
ATTITUDE TOWARD TERRORISM:

-- THERE HAS BEEN NO SUCH CHANGE. THE GOVERNMENT
REMAINS ADAMANTLY OPPOSED TO TERRORISM IN ALL FORMS.


SEITZ