NETHERLANDS AND NETHERLANDS ANTILLES -- 2009 TIP

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 07 STATE 061229

SIPDIS

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: KTIP ELAB KCRM KPAO KWMN PGOV PHUM PREL SMIG NL NT
SUBJECT: NETHERLANDS AND NETHERLANDS ANTILLES -- 2009 TIP
REPORT: PRESS GUIDANCE AND DEMARCHE

REF: A. (A) STATE 59732

B. (B) STATE 005577


1. This is an action cable; see paras 5 through 7 and 10.


2. On June 16, 2009, at 10:00 a.m. EDT, the Secretary will
release the 2009 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report at a
press conference in the Department's press briefing room.
This release will receive substantial coverage in domestic
and foreign news outlets. Until the time of the Secretary's
June 16 press conference, any public release of the Report or
country narratives contained therein is prohibited.


3. The Department is hereby providing Post with advance press
guidance to be used on June 16 or thereafter. Also provided
is demarche language to be used in informing the Governments
of the Netherlands and the Netherlands Antilles of their tier
rankings and the TIP Report's imminent release. The text of
the TIP Report country narrative is provided, both for use in
informing the Governments of the Netherlands and the
Netherlands Antilles and in any local media release by Post's
public affairs section on June 16 or thereafter. Drawing on
information provided below in paras 8 and 9, Post may provide
the host government with the text of the TIP Report narrative
no earlier than 1200 noon local time Monday June 15 for WHA,
AF, EUR, and NEA countries and OOB local time Tuesday June 16
for SCA and EAP posts. Please note, however, that any public
release of the Report's information should not/not precede
the Secretary's release at 10:00 am EDT on June 16.


4. The entire TIP Report will be available on-line at
www.state.gov/g/tip shortly after the Secretary's June 16
release. Hard copies of the Report will be pouched to posts
in all countries appearing on the Report. The Secretary's
statement at the June 16 press event, and the statement of
and fielding of media questions by G/TIP,s Director and
Senior Advisor to the Secretary, Ambassador-at-Large Luis
CdeBaca, will be available on the Department's website
shortly after the June 16 event. Ambassador de Baca will
also hold a general briefing for officials of foreign
embassies in Washington DC on June 17 at 3:30 pm EDT.


5. Action Request: No earlier than 12 noon local time on
Monday June 15 for WHA, AF, EUR, and NEA posts and OOB local
time on Tuesday June 16 for SCA and EAP posts, please inform
the appropriate official in the Governments of the
Netherlands and the Netherlands Antilles of the June 16
release of the 2009 TIP Report, drawing on the points in para
9 (at Post's discretion) and including the text of the
country narrative provided in para 8. For countries where
the State Department has lowered the tier ranking, it is
particularly important to advise governments prior to the
Report being released in Washington on June 16.


6. Action Request continued: Please note that, for those
countries which will not receive an "action plan" with
specific recommendations for improvement, posts should draw
host governments' attention to the areas for improvement
identified in the 2009 Report, especially highlighted in the
"Recommendations" section of the second paragraph of the
narrative text. This engagement is important to establishing
the framework in which the government's performance will be
judged for the 2010 Report. If posts have questions about
which governments will receive an action plan, or how they
may follow up on the recommendations in the 2009 Report,
please contact G/TIP and the appropriate regional bureau.


7. Action Request continued: On June 16, please be prepared
to answer media inquiries on the Report's release using the
press guidance provided in para 11. If Post wishes, a local
press statement may be released on or after 10:30 am EDT June
16, drawing on the press guidance and the text of the TIP
Report's country narrative provided in para 8.


8. Begin Final Text of the Netherlands and the Netherlands
Antilles,s country narratives in the 2009 TIP Report:

--------------
THE NETHERLANDS(TIER 1)
The Netherlands is a source, transit, and destination country
for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of
commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. During
2008, most female victims were exploited in forced
prostitution, and the majority of identified sex trafficking
victims were from the Netherlands. Within the Netherlands,
victims are trafficked by so called &pimp boys8 or &lover
boys8*men who seduce vulnerable young women and girls and

STATE 00061229 002 OF 007


force them into prostitution. During the reporting period,
women were also trafficked from Asia, Africa, other parts of
Europe, and the Western Hemisphere; the most common countries
of origin for foreign female trafficking victims were China,
Nigeria, Hungary, and Sierra Leone. Males were trafficked
into commercial sexual exploitation as well as forced labor
in the catering, cleaning, agriculture and construction
sectors. The main countries of origin for male victims were
China, India, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and the Netherlands.
According to the Dutch National Rapporteur for Trafficking in
Persons, the highest risk sectors for labor trafficking are
domestic employment, temporary employment agencies,
agriculture and horticulture, restaurants, hotels, and
construction. Groups vulnerable to trafficking include
single underage asylum seekers, women with dependent
residence status obtained through fraudulent marriages, and
women recruited in Africa, China, and Thailand for work in
massage parlors.
The Government of the Netherlands fully complies with the
minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. The
government sustained strong anti-sex trafficking law
enforcement efforts, sustained protections provided to female
trafficking victims, and improved services available to male
trafficking victims. It also expanded prevention activities,
including a program targeted at raising trafficking awareness
among clients of the sex trade.
Recommendations for the Netherlands: Vigorously investigate
and prosecute, and convict and punish labor trafficking
offenders; enhance forced labor awareness training for
prosecutors and judges; continue anti-trafficking awareness
initiatives aimed at educating clients of the commercial sex
trade as well as beneficiaries of forced labor about the
causes and consequences of trafficking; continue efforts to
proactively identify trafficking victims in the prostitution
and relevant labor sectors of the Netherlands.
Prosecution
The government demonstrated progress in investigating and
prosecuting sex trafficking offenses, though its prosecutions
of labor trafficking offenses diminished. Since January
2005, the Netherlands has prohibited all forms of trafficking
through Criminal Code Article 273, which prescribes penalties
for any form of trafficking of six to 15 years,
imprisonment, with fines of up to $58,000. These penalties
are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those
prescribed for other grave crimes. There were no new labor
trafficking prosecutions or convictions during the reporting
period, compared with five during the previous reporting
period. The government prosecuted 221 persons for human
trafficking offences in 2007, the last year for which
comprehensive statistics are available, compared to 216
during the previous year. In 2007, verdicts were handed down
in 120 cases, 81 percent of which resulted in convictions, 12
percent resulted in acquittals, and 7 percent were dismissed.
According to the National Rapporteur's office, average
prison sentences imposed in 2007 ranged from 20 to 23 months,
down from 27 months in 2006. The police included a module on
trafficking as part of standard police training curriculum.
The Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, and Aruba signed a
memorandum of understanding on increasing cooperation in
combating human trafficking.

Protection
The Dutch government made increased efforts to protect
trafficking victims during the reporting period. Dutch
authorities provided a temporary residence mechanism to allow
foreign trafficking victims and witnesses to stay in the
Netherlands during a reflection period of three months and,
separately, during the investigation and prosecution of their
traffickers. During these periods, the government provided
victims with legal, financial, and psychological assistance,
including shelter (in facilities that also serve victims of
domestic violence),medical care, social security benefits,
and education financing. Child victims had access to a full
range of specialized services. The government opened four
new shelters specifically equipped to assist male victims of
human trafficking during the reporting period. The
government provided permanent residence status to some
victims, based on particular conditions. The government
encouraged victims to press charges against traffickers and
to assist in prosecutions. Nevertheless, victims were often
reluctant to assist law enforcement personnel, due to fear of
reprisals from traffickers. In 2008, the national victim
registration center identified and registered 826 trafficking
victims, including 46 males, compared with 716 identified
victims in 2007. The Justice Ministry took measures to
prevent victims from being punished for unlawful acts
committed as a direct result of being trafficked, including
through training of prison staff on proactive victim
identification. Police and prosecutors provided specialized
training to help judges, labor inspectors, and immigration
officers identify and assist trafficking victims during the
reporting period. Local governments were responsible for

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regulating legalized prostitution sectors and for conducting
anti-trafficking inspections of brothels in these sectors.
The Hague,s vice squad checked sex establishments at least
six times during the reporting period; the Amsterdam vice
squad inspected brothels at least four times. The
inspections included observation for any signals of
trafficking, informal interviews with persons in
prostitution, and the review of residence and work permits.

Prevention
The government demonstrated some progress in preventing
trafficking during the year. In February 2009, the
government introduced an information card entitled
"exploitation at the workplace" that was made available to
all municipalities and social welfare agencies during the
reporting period. The card provides examples of labor
exploitation, information on where to seek help, and details
on victims' rights in several languages. The Justice
Ministry funded the "Meld M" multimedia campaign, targeted at
clients of the sex trade and persons in prostitution, as well
as residents, shopkeepers and taxi-drivers in areas where
prostitution occurs. The campaign encouraged people to
report suspicions of trafficking to an anonymous hotline. In
December 2008, the Interior and Justice Ministers released a
draft act containing new regulations for legalized
prostitution; the regulations reportedly would boost efforts
to counter sex trafficking. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs
funded $2.5 million for anti-trafficking programs in
trafficking source countries in Europe, the Caribbean, Asia,
and Africa. The National Rapporteur for Trafficking in
Persons in July 2008 published its sixth report, which is
available on the Justice Ministry,s website. Since January
2008, the government provided single underage asylum seekers
with intensive counseling in secured shelters to protect them
against traffickers. The Foreign Ministry website includes
travel information warning Dutch travelers that sex with
children is prosecutable in the country of destination as
well as in the Netherlands. The government funds several
initiatives to prevent child sex tourism including a project
to assist tour operators in Cambodia, Thailand, and
Philippines to adopt and implement a code of conduct aimed at
preventing child sex tourism. The Justice Ministry estimates
several dozen convictions annually in the Netherlands of
Dutch residents found guilty of child sex tourism offenses
abroad. The Dutch military provided training to all military
personnel on the prevention of trafficking and additional
training on recognizing trafficking victims for Dutch troops
being deployed abroad for duty as international peacekeepers.
-------------- --------------
The Netherlands Antilles (Tier 2 Watch List)*
* *Footnote: The Netherlands Antilles is a semi-autonomous
entity within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Kingdom
Charter divides responsibility among the three co-equal parts
of the Kingdom based on jurisdiction and matter. For the
purpose of this report, the Netherlands Antilles is not a
&country8 to which the minimum standards for the
elimination of trafficking in the Trafficking Victims
Protection Act apply. This narrative reflects how the
Antilles would be assessed if it were a separate, independent
country.
The five islands of the current Netherlands Antilles are a
transit and destination point for men and women from
Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Cuba, the Dominican Republic
and other parts of South America and the Caribbean,
trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation
and forced labor. The women in prostitution in the
Netherlands Antilles, regulated and illegal sex trades are
highly vulnerable to human trafficking. Credible reports
have alleged the trafficking of over 100 Cuban construction
workers employed by the Curacao Dry Dock Company in 2006*a
case that garnered significant international press during the
reporting period as a result of a related civil case in a
U.S. court. Local authorities believe that men and women
have also been trafficked into local domestic servitude as
well as into the agriculture and construction industries.
Groups vulnerable to labor trafficking include Haitian males
in the agriculture and gardening sectors and Latin American
and Caribbean males in construction. There is anecdotal
evidence that some Middle Eastern and Asian migrants in
restaurants and local businesses may be vulnerable to debt
bondage.
The Government of the Netherlands Antilles does not fully
comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of
trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do
so. Despite these overall efforts, the government is placed
on Tier 2 Watch List. The government has not enacted
anti-trafficking legislation, although during the reporting
period legislation was introduced, processed and awaits final
action. The government also did not develop and fund victim
assistance policies and programs or raise awareness among
clients of the sex trade and beneficiaries of forced labor
about the causes and consequences of human trafficking. As

STATE 00061229 004 OF 007


noted above in the Netherlands narrative, in January 2009 the
justice ministers of the Netherlands Antilles, the
Netherlands, and Aruba signed a memorandum of understanding
to promote increased anti-trafficking cooperation.
Recommendations for the Netherlands Antilles: Enact
legislation criminalizing all forms of human trafficking;
vigorously prosecute and convict sex and labor trafficking
offenders throughout the Netherlands Antilles; establish
formal procedures to guide officials in the proactive
identification of trafficking victims and referral of these
victims to service providers; consider ways to educate
clients of the sex trade and beneficiaries of forced labor
about the causes and consequences of trafficking.
Prosecution
The Netherlands Antilles, anti-trafficking law enforcement
efforts were greatly hindered by the absence of specific
anti- trafficking legislation. A draft amendment to the
Netherlands Antilles penal code prohibiting trafficking for
sexual exploitation and forced labor remained pending in the
Antillean Parliament during the reporting period. There were
two likely cases of human trafficking that officials in St.
Maarten prosecuted using statutes prohibiting other
non-trafficking offenses. In May 2008, a man who had held
three women in a brothel against their will was convicted and
sentenced to 36 months in prison for human smuggling and
ill-treatment. Another man was detained briefly on
allegations of keeping a household servant locked in his
house. A court required the man to pay the domestic
servant,s outstanding wages and the costs associated with
the servant,s repatriation. Antillean authorities
cooperated with Suriname,s request that the Dutch extradite
several traffickers who fled to Curacao during a
trafficking-related law enforcement action. Funding for and
staffing of police and judicial offices remained a chronic
problem in the Netherlands Antilles. Local media reported on
corruption related to the issuance of immigration and work
permits, though these did not involve specific trafficking
allegations. The government provided training to individual
prosecutors and members of the islands, police departments
and has systematic anti-trafficking training in place for law
enforcement authorities.

Protection
The government,s victim protection efforts were mostly ad
hoc during the reporting period. Trafficking victims
received limited assistance through a combination of
government agencies and NGOs that receive some government
subsidies in the Netherlands Antilles, including the Bureau
for Aid to Victims in Curacao and the Women,s Desk in St.
Maarten. There were no specific trafficking victim health
care facilities in the Netherlands Antilles, but government
health care providers were available to assist trafficking
victims. The legal system allows witnesses to trafficking
crimes to provide anonymous testimony or testimony from
abroad. Island governors had the authority to issue
temporary residency status for trafficking victims; it is
unknown if any were issued. The government does provide
long-term shelter for trafficking victims. In practice,
consulates representing source countries often handled
assistance to and repatriation of their citizens. The
government does not employ formal procedures to guide
officials in proactive victim identification among vulnerable
groups, such as women in government-regulated prostitution
zones, and to guide officials in referring victims to
available service providers. Curacao has one legal,
government regulated brothel compound with approximately 90
foreign women in prostitution. International organizations
have expressed strong concern about the working conditions --
including possible involuntary servitude at this brothel.
The government did not train health officials charged with
regulating the Curacao brothel on identifying trafficking
indicators and referring suspected victims for assistance.
The justice ministry reiterated a directive in 2008
prohibiting immigration officials from holding the passports
of foreign women entering the islands for the purpose of
legal prostitution. One official in Curacao reported that
some officials practiced proactive identification measures
within detention facilities. There were no reported cases of
victims being penalized during the reporting period for
crimes that were a direct result of being trafficked. The
government espoused a policy of encouraging trafficking
victims to participate in investigations and prosecutions of
trafficking offenders, but officials acknowledged that many
victims were reluctant to participate.

Prevention
The government made some efforts to raise awareness of human
trafficking during the reporting period but did not undertake
any measures to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts.
Formal interagency anti-trafficking working groups operated
in Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, St. Eustatius, and St. Maarten
during the reporting period. The anti-trafficking

STATE 00061229 005 OF 007


coordinator based in Curacao spoke out about the problem of
human trafficking in the region and continued to promote an
IOM-developed public awareness campaign. The
anti-trafficking coordinator in Curacao also arranged for a
short awareness raising documentary video to be aired on
local television stations. Netherlands Antilles officials
issued a contract for an outside evaluation of their
anti-trafficking strategy in 2008. The government provided
in-kind support for two human trafficking hotlines in the
Netherlands Antilles. There were no awareness campaigns
specifically targeting potential clients of the sex trade or
beneficiaries of forced labor in the Netherlands Antilles.

--------------



9. Post may wish to deliver the following points, which offer
technical and legal background on the TIP Report process, to
the host government as a non-paper with the above TIP Report
country narrative:

(begin non-paper)

-- The U.S. Congress, through its passage of the 2000
Trafficking Victims Protection Act, as amended (TVPA),
requires the Secretary of State to submit an annual Report to
Congress. The goal of this Report is to stimulate action and
create partnerships around the world in the fight against
modern-day slavery. The USG approach to combating human
trafficking follows the TVPA and the standards set forth in
the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in
Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime (commonly known as the "Palermo Protocol"). The TVPA
and the Palermo Protocol recognize that this is a crime in
which the victims, labor or services (including in the "sex
industry") are obtained or maintained through force, fraud,
or coercion, whether overt or through psychological
manipulation. While much attention has focused on
international flows, both the TVPA and the Palermo Protocol
focus on the exploitation of the victim, and do not require a
showing that the victim was moved.

-- Recent amendments to the TVPA removed the requirement that
only countries with a "significant number" of trafficking
victims be included in the Report. Beginning with the 2009
TIP Report, countries determined to be a country of origin,
transit, or destination for victims of severe forms of
trafficking are included in the Report and assigned to one of
three tiers. Countries assessed as meeting the "minimum
standards for the elimination of severe forms of trafficking"
set forth in the TVPA are classified as Tier 1. Countries
assessed as not fully complying with the minimum standards,
but making significant efforts to meet those minimum
standards are classified as Tier 2. Countries assessed as
neither complying with the minimum standards nor making
significant efforts to do so are classified as Tier 3.

-- The TVPA also requires the Secretary of State to provide a
"Special Watch List" to Congress later in the year.
Anti-trafficking efforts of the countries on this list are to
be evaluated again in an Interim Assessment that the
Secretary of State must provide to Congress by February 1 of
each year. Countries are included on the "Special Watch
List" if they move up in "tier" rankings in the annual TIP
Report -- from 3 to 2 or from 2 to 1 ) or if they have been
placed on the Tier 2 Watch List.

-- Tier 2 Watch List consists of Tier 2 countries determined:
(1) not to have made "increasing efforts" to combat human
trafficking over the past year; (2) to be making significant
efforts based on commitments of anti-trafficking reforms over
the next year, or (3) to have a very significant number of
trafficking victims or a significantly increasing victim
population. As indicated in reftel B, the TVPRA of 2008
contains a provision requiring that a country that has been
included on Tier 2 Watch List for two consecutive years after
the date of enactment of the TVPRA of 2008 be ranked as Tier

3. Thus, any automatic downgrade to Tier 3 pursuant to this
provision would take place, at the earliest, in the 2011 TIP
Report (i.e., a country would have to be ranked Tier 2 Watch
List in the 2009 and 2010 Reports before being subject to
Tier 3 in the 2011 Report). The new law allows for a waiver
of this provision for up to two additional years upon a
determination by the President that the country has developed
and devoted sufficient resources to a written plan to make
significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with the
minimum standards.

-- Countries classified as Tier 3 may be subject to statutory
restrictions for the subsequent fiscal year on
non-humanitarian and non-trade-related foreign assistance

STATE 00061229 006 OF 007


and, in some circumstances, withholding of funding for
participation by government officials or employees in
educational and cultural exchange programs. In addition,
the President could instruct the U.S. executive directors to
international financial institutions to oppose loans or other
utilization of funds (other than for humanitarian,
trade-related or certain types of development assistance)
with respect to countries on Tier 3. Countries classified as
Tier 3 that take strong action within 90 days of the Report's
release to show significant efforts against trafficking in
persons, and thereby warrant a reassessment of their Tier
classification, would avoid such sanctions. Guidelines for
such actions are in the DOS-crafted action plans to be shared
by Posts with host governments.

-- The 2009 TIP Report, issuing as it does in the midst of
the global financial crisis, highlights high levels of
trafficking for forced labor in many parts of the world and
systemic contributing factors to this phenomenon: fraudulent
recruitment practices and excessive recruiting fees in
workers, home countries; the lack of adequate labor
protections in both sending and receiving countries; and the
flawed design of some destination countries, "sponsorship
systems" that do not give foreign workers adequate legal
recourse when faced with conditions of forced labor. As the
May 2009 ILO Global Report on Forced Labor concluded, forced
labor victims suffer approximately $20 billion in losses, and
traffickers, profits are estimated at $31 billion. The
current global financial crisis threatens to increase the
number of victims of forced labor and increase the associated
"cost of coercion."

-- The text of the TVPA and amendments can be found on
website www.state.gov/g/tip.

-- On June 16, 2009, the Secretary of State will release the
ninth annual TIP Report in a public event at the State
Department. We are providing you an advance copy of your
country's narrative in that report. Please keep this
information embargoed until 10:00 am Washington DC time June

16. The State Department will also hold a general briefing
for officials of foreign embassies in Washington DC on June
17 at 3:30 pm EDT.

(end non-paper)


10. Posts should make sure that the relevant country
narrative is readily available on or though the Mission's web
page in English and appropriate local language(s) as soon as
possible after the TIP Report is released. Funding for
translation costs will be handled as it was for the Human
Rights Report. Posts needing financial assistance for
translation costs should contact their regional bureau,s EX
office.


11. The following is press guidance provided for Posts to use
with local media.

Q1: Why was the Netherlands given a ranking of Tier 1?

A: The Government of the Netherlands fully complies with the
minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking.

Q2: What progress has the Netherlands made in the past year?
A: The government sustained strong anti-sex trafficking law
enforcement efforts, sustained protections provided to female
trafficking victims, and improved services available to male
trafficking victims. It also expanded prevention activities,
including a program targeted at raising trafficking awareness
among clients of the sex trade.
Q3: What can the Netherlands do to improve its fight against
trafficking in persons?
A: To improve its anti-trafficking performance, the Dutch
government could: vigorously investigate and prosecute, and
convict and punish labor trafficking offenders; enhance
forced labor awareness training for prosecutors and judges;
continue anti-trafficking awareness initiatives aimed at
educating clients of the commercial sex trade as well as
beneficiaries of forced labor about the causes and
consequences of trafficking; continue efforts to proactively
identify trafficking victims in the prostitution and relevant
labor sectors of the Netherlands.
Netherlands Antilles (Tier 2 WL)
Last Year Not Ranked

Q1: What is Netherlands Antilles status in the TIP Report?

A: The Netherlands Antilles is a semi-autonomous entity
within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Kingdom Charter
divides responsibility among the three co-equal parts of the
Kingdom based on jurisdiction and matter. For the purpose of
this report, the Netherlands Antilles is not by definition a

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&country8 to which the minimum standards for the
elimination of trafficking in the Trafficking Victims
Protection Act apply. The Report narrative reflects how the
Antilles would be assessed if it were a separate, independent
country.

Q2: Why is the Netherlands Antilles assessed at Tier 2 Watch
List?

A: The Government of the Netherlands Antilles does not fully
comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of
trafficking; however it is making significant efforts to do
so. The government has not enacted anti-trafficking
legislation, although during the reporting period legislation
was introduced, processed and awaits final action. The
government also did not develop and fund victim assistance
policies and programs or raise awareness among clients of the
sex trade and beneficiaries of forced labor about the causes
and consequences of human trafficking.

Q3: What progress did the Netherlands Antilles make in the
last year?

A: The government made some efforts to raise awareness of
human trafficking during the reporting period. Formal
interagency anti-trafficking working groups operated in
Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, St. Eustatius, and St. Maarten during
the reporting period. The anti-trafficking coordinator based
in Curacao spoke out about the problem of human trafficking
in the region and continued to promote an IOM-developed
public awareness campaign. The anti-trafficking coordinator
in Curacao also arranged for a short awareness raising
documentary video to be aired on local television stations.

Q4: What can the Netherlands Antilles do to further the fight
against trafficking in persons?

A: To improve its anti-trafficking performance, the
government should: enact legislation criminalizing all forms
of human trafficking; vigorously prosecute and convict sex
and labor trafficking offenders throughout the Netherlands
Antilles; establish formal procedures to guide officials in
the proactive identification of trafficking victims and
referral of these victims to service providers; consider ways
to educate clients of the sex trade and beneficiaries of
forced labor about the causes and consequences of trafficking.

Q5: What sources does the State Department use for
information?

A: The Department of State prepared this Report using
information from U.S. embassies, foreign government
officials, NGOs and international organizations, published
reports, research trips to every region, and information
submitted to tipreport@state.gov.


12. The Department appreciates posts, assistance with the
preceding action requests.
CLINTON