Identifier
Created
Classification
Origin
09PARAMARIBO36
2009-02-02 17:28:00
UNCLASSIFIED
Embassy Paramaribo
Cable title:  

INL 2008 END USE MONITORING REPORT

Tags:  SNAR AFIN NS 
pdf how-to read a cable
VZCZCXYZ0001
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHPO #0036/01 0331728
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 021728Z FEB 09
FM AMEMBASSY PARAMARIBO
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0545
UNCLAS PARAMARIBO 000036 

SIPDIS

STATE FOR WHA/CAR JROSHOLT
INL/RM/MS FOR TIM BARRY

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: SNAR AFIN NS
SUBJECT: INL 2008 END USE MONITORING REPORT

REF: A) 08 SECSTATE 127211
B) 07 SECSTATE 163708

UNCLAS PARAMARIBO 000036

SIPDIS

STATE FOR WHA/CAR JROSHOLT
INL/RM/MS FOR TIM BARRY

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: SNAR AFIN NS
SUBJECT: INL 2008 END USE MONITORING REPORT

REF: A) 08 SECSTATE 127211
B) 07 SECSTATE 163708


1. (U) Post is pleased to provide its 2008 End Use Monitoring
Report. Cable is keyed to Ref A.


2. (U) PROCEDURES


A. Inventory Management
Post's EUM Program Coordinator: Geneve Menscher, Pol-Econ Chief,
(597) 472-900 ext. 2205, MenscherGe@state.gov.

Inventory System: Post does not have an automated inventory system
for INL donations. Post keeps track of resources provided to host
government agencies in a Word Document Master List. This is
feasible because of the limited amount of INL funds received by Post
annually. For example, in FY07 Post received from Washington
53,214.30 INL funds, but received no allocation for FY08 and no
allocation for FY09.

Staff Member EUM Responsibilities: Post's EUM Program Coordinator
has responsibility for coordinating the EUM, but most EUM is
conducted by Regional Security Officer (RSO) Doug Marvin, LES
Security Investigator Rene Sabajo, and LES Security Investigator
Gilberto Blagrove. Some EUM was conducted by TDY RSO Steven Baker.
Some EUM may also be conducted by the EUM Coordinator Geneve
Menscher and by the LES Pol/Labor Assistant (position vacant). The
disbursement of INL funds is determined by the Law Enforcement
Working Group (LEWG),which is chaired by the Deputy Chief of
Mission Susan Bell (new officer at Post). Consular Officer Liza
Ybarra (new officer at Post),RSO Doug Marvin, Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA) Country Attache Susan Nave, and Pol-Econ Chief
Geneve Menscher are members of the LEWG. The Management Section's
Financial Management Office and General Services Office assist in
INL-related procurements. Financial Management Officer Pedro
Palugyai (new officer assigned to Suriname) is located at the
Florida Regional Center. Day-to-day processing is done by LES FMO
Specialist Maureen Lee Van On (new hire) and LES Voucher Examiner
Jerry Budel. The General Services Officer is Thomas DeBor (new to
post),and the procurement staff are LES Chief of Procurement Lloyd
Goedschalk and LES Purchasing Agent Kenneth Bottenbley (at time of
writing performing a six-month TDY in Iraq).

Other U.S. Agency Assistance: While the DEA Country Attache sits on
the LEWG, the EUM itself is conducted by Department of State
employees.


B. Counterpart Agencies
Recipients:
Anti-Narcotics Unit
Arrest Team

Attorney General's Office
Cantonal Court
City Police Office
Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU)
Judicial Intelligence Unit
Maritime Police
Police Academy
Police Forensics Department
Police Liaison Bureau
Police Ombudsman Unit
Special Surveillance Unit
Surinamese Police Force (KPS)
Trafficking in Persons Office
Vehicle Inspection Unit

Receipt: The procedure used to document the provision of the items
provided is LOA.


C. On-site Inspections
The number of scheduled on-site inspections performed: 8
The number of unscheduled on-site inspections performed: 0
The number of counterpart sites and cities visited: While all
donations are made in Paramaribo, some equipment is used at other
locations. Counterpart sites and cities were not visited during
EUM.
The date and location of on-site inspections performed:
July 28, 2008: Police TIP Unit 4WD Vehicle
November 25, 2008: Vehicle Monitoring of Arrest Team Vehicle, two
Anti-Narcotics Unit Vehicles, and Judicial Intelligence Unit
vehicle
January 26, 2009: Police TIP Unit and Financial Intelligence Unit
January 27, 2009 Forensics Unit and Arrest Team
The number of recipient organizations monitored: 6
The percentage of recipient organizations monitored: 37.5 percent
The number of donated items subject to inspections: 1041
The percentage of donated items personally inspected: 31.41
percent


D. Secondary Methods of Monitoring Resource Status
Comparison of records: Gear currently in use was monitored via
comparison of records and discussions.
Discussion: One vehicle was monitored via discussions.
The percentage of donated items monitored using secondary methods:
Less than 1 %

STATUS-COMMODITIES:

Computer Equipment:
-One ADSL Package Bronz 128/64 was donated to the Police TIP Unit in
order to set up a Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. It is located in
the Police TIP Office to support combating TIP and is in good
condition.
-Six 8 Pentium CPUS were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to
set up a Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. These computers include
modems and faxes. They are located in the Police TIP office to
support combating TIP and are in good condition.
-Six LCD Flat Panel Computer Monitors were donated to the Police TIP
Unit in order to set up a Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. They are
located in the Police TIP Office to support combating TIP and are in
good condition.
-Six UPS were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to set up a
Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. They are located in the Police TIP
Office to support combating TIP and are in good condition. Six
DVDRWs were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to set up a
Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. They are located in the Police TIP
Office to support combating TIP and are in good condition.
-Six HP Jet Printers were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to
set up a Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. They are located in the
Police TIP Office to support combating TIP and are in good
condition.
-One scanner was donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to set up a
Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. It is located in the Police TIP
Office to support combating TIP and is in good condition.
-Two laser printers were donated to the Financial Intelligence Unit.
They are located at the Financial Intelligence Unit to support
combating money laundering and are in excellent condition.
-Four CPUS with monitors and keyboards were donated to the Financial
Intelligence Unit. They are located at the Financial Intelligence
Unit to support combating money laundering. Two no longer work and
one is in fine condition. The fourth CPU is currently located at
the Attorney General's Office.
-One scanner was donated to the Financial Intelligence Unit. It is
located at the Financial Intelligence Unit to support combating
money laundering. It is in excellent condition.
-One printer was donated to the Financial Intelligence Unit. It is
located in the Financial Intelligence Unit to support combating
money laundering. It is in excellent condition.
-One Server Dell Power Edge 2850 was donated to the Police Forensics
Unit. It is located at the Police Forensics Unit/Financial
Intelligence Unit and used with the donated fingerprinting software
to combat crime. It is in excellent condition.
-Four Dell Dimension 4700 Workstation were donated to the Police
Forensics Unit. They are located at the Police Forensics
Unit/Financial Intelligence Unit and used with the donated
fingerprinting software to combat crime. They are in excellent
condition.
-Six Biometrics Fingerprint Scanners were donated to the Police
Forensics Unit. They are located at the Police Forensics
Unit/Financial Intelligence Unit and used with the donated
fingerprinting software to combat crime. They are in excellent
condition.
-One Link System 14 Port SRG22 was donated to the Police Forensics
Unit. It is located at the Police Forensics Unit and used to support
the combating of money laundering. It is in excellent condition.
-One Link System 24 Port Switch was donated to the Police Forensics
Unit. It is located at the Police Forensics Unit/Financial
Intelligence Unit and used with the donated fingerprinting software
to combat crime. It is in excellent condition.
-One fingerprint matching software was donated to the Police
Forensics Unit. Post learned in January 2008 that the scanner used
to bulk scan fingerprint cards into the system does not work
properly because the fingerprint cards are not a standard size.
Approximately 7% of fingerprint records were scanned in one-by-one,
and only those on the right size of paper.
The biometric fingerprint scanners do work, but the suspect must be
transported to the location that has the scanners. The software
does not accept fingerprints from various sources, and needs to be
modified. In addition, the software is not correctly matching
fingerprints from the database, often pulling the fingerprints of
the wrong person by mistake. According to the police, the original
contractor quoted 10,000 USD to fix the
database software. Since January 2008, Post's Law Enforcement
Working Group (LEWG) has explored possible solutions and is in the
final stages of coordination with the Police Commissioner prior to
awarding a contract to a software contractor modify the software and
also add additional features.

Communications Equipment:
-One DVD Player was donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to set
up a Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. It is located in the Police
TIP Office to support combating TIP and is in good condition.
-One Toshiba Flatscreen TV was donated to the Police TIP Unit in
order to set up a Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. It is located in
the Police TIP Office to support combating TIP and is in good
condition.
-One Telephone Fax was donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to
set up a Police TIP Office in Paramaribo. They are located in the
Police TIP Office to support combating TIP and are in good
condition.
-One copy machine image runner and six toner cartridges were donated
to the Financial Intelligence Unit. It is located in the Financial
Intelligence Unit to support combating money laundering and is in
excellent condition.
-One fax machine was donated to the Financial Intelligence Unit. It
is located in the Financial Intelligence Unit to support combating
money laundering and is in partially working condition.

Miscellaneous Equipment:
-One refrigerator was donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to set
up a Police TIP Office. It is located at the Police TIP Office for
combating TIP and is in good condition.
-Three vertical blinds were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order
to set up a Police TIP Office. They are located in the Police TIP
Office for combating TIP and are in good condition.
-Two paper shredders were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to
set up a Police TIP Office. They are located in the Police TIP
Office for combating TIP and are in excellent condition.
-Six office chairs were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to
set up a Police TIP Office. They are located in the Police TIP
Office for combating TIP and are in good condition.
-Six desks were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to set up a
Police TIP Office. They are located in the Police TIP Office for
combating TIP and are in good condition.
-One white board/flip chart was donated to the Police TIP Unit in
order to set up a Police TIP Office. It is located in the Police TIP
Office for combating TIP and is in excellent condition.
-Two metal file cabinets were donated to the Police TIP Unit in
order to set up a Police TIP Office. They are located in the Police
TIP Office for combating TIP and are in excellent condition.
-Two visitor chairs were donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to
set up a Police TIP Office. They are located in the Police TIP
Office for combating TIP and are in good condition.
One water dispenser was donated to the Police TIP Unit in order to
set up a Police TIP Office. It is located in the Police TIP Office
for combating TIP and is in excellent condition.
-One color photocopier was donated to the Police TIP Unit in order
to set up a Police TIP Office. It is located at the Police TIP
Office for combating TIP and is in fine condition.
-Two four-drawer Global file cabinets were donated to the Financial
Intelligence Unit. They are located in the Financial Intelligence
Unit to support combating money laundering and are in excellent
condition.
-Two four-drawer Hirsh file cabinets were donated to the Financial
Intelligence Unit. They are located in the Financial Intelligence
Unit to support combating money laundering and are in excellent
condition.
-One copy machine was donated to the Financial Intelligence Unit.
It is located in the Financial Intelligence Unit to support
combating money laundering and is in excellent condition.
-One shredder was donated to the Financial Intelligence Unit. It is
located in the Financial Intelligence Unit to support combating
money laundering and is in excellent condition.
-One conference table was donated to the Financial Intelligence
Unit. It is located in the Financial Intelligence Unit to support
combating money laundering and is in excellent condition.
-Seven conference chairs were donated to the Financial Intelligence
Unit. They are located in the Financial Intelligence Unit to
support combating money laundering and are in excellent condition.
-Five office desks were donated to the Financial Intelligence Unit.
They are located in the Financial Intelligence Unit to support
combating money laundering and are in excellent condition.
-Five office chairs were donated to the Financial Intelligence Unit.
They are located in the Financial Intelligence Unit to support
combating money laundering and are in excellent condition.
-One two-drawer Fire King Safe was donated to the Financial
Intelligence Unit. It is located in the Financial Intelligence Unit
to support combating money laundering and is in excellent
condition.
-Fifteen pairs Bates WP Zipper Boots were donated to the Arrest
Team. During end-use monitoring the Regional Security Officer did
not observe these boots.
-Fifteen Tactical Squad Suits were donated to the Arrest Team.
During end-use monitoring we learned that most were issued and in
use by the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has responsibility for
arresting the most dangerous and armed criminals. The Regional
Security Officer was able to inspect a few which had not been issued
and were in good condition.
-Fifteen Special Missions Vests were donated to the Arrest Team.
During end-use monitoring we learned that most were issued and in
use by the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has responsibility for
arresting the most dangerous and armed criminals. The Regional
Security Officer was able to inspect a few which had not been issued
and were in good condition.
-Fifteen Ballistic Helmets were donated to the Arrest Team. These
helmets are used by the Arrest Team in special cases only. The
Arrest Team has responsibility for arresting the most dangerous and
armed criminals. They are located at the Arrest Team headquarters
and are in excellent condition.
-Fifteen Face Shields Direct Mount were donated to the Arrest Team.
These helmets are used by the Arrest Team in special cases only.
The Arrest Team has responsibility for arresting the most dangerous
and armed criminals. They are located at the Arrest Team
headquarters and are in excellent condition.
-Fifteen Tactical Elbow Pads were donated to the Arrest Team.
During end-use monitoring we learned that most were issued and in
use by the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has responsibility for
arresting the most dangerous and armed criminals. The Regional
Security Officer was able to inspect a few which had not been issued
and were in excellent condition.
-Fifteen Tactical Knee Pads were donated to the Arrest Team. During
end-use monitoring we learned that most were issued and in use by
the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has responsibility for arresting
the most dangerous and armed criminals. The Regional Security
Officer was able to inspect a few which had not been issued and were
in excellent condition.
-Fifteen pairs Tactical Black Gloves were donated to the Arrest
Team. During end-use monitoring we learned that most were issued
and in use by the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has responsibility
for arresting the most dangerous and armed criminals. The Regional
Security Officer was able to inspect a few which had not been issued
and were in excellent condition.
-Thirty Maglites were donated to the Arrest Team. During end-use
monitoring we were not able to observe them and were told they were
locked in a separate storage area.
-Two DE-TT Dynamic Entry Twin Turbos were donated to the Arrest
Team. They were located at the Arrest Team headquarters and in
excellent condition.
-Thirty Phoneix Flashlight Rings were donated to the Arrest Team.
During end-use monitoring we learned that most were issued and in
use by the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has responsibility for
arresting the most dangerous and armed criminals. The Regional
Security Officer was able to inspect a few which had not been issued
and were in good condition.
-Thirty Ceramic Rifle Plates were donated to the Arrest Team.
During end-use monitoring we learned that most were issued and in
use by the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has responsibility for
arresting the most dangerous and armed criminals. The Regional
Security Officer was able to inspect a few which had not been issued
and were in good condition.
-Two Backpack Entry Kits were donated to the Arrest Team. During
end-use monitoring we learned that both were issued and in use by
the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has responsibility for arresting
the most dangerous and armed criminals. The Regional Security
Officer was able to inspect one of the kits which was in excellent
condition, and was told the other was locked in a separate storage
area.
-Two Entry Shields with Light/Viewport/Case were donated to the
Arrest Team. During end-use monitoring we learned that both were
issued and in use by the Arrest Team. The Arrest Team has
responsibility for arresting the most dangerous and armed criminals.
The Regional Security Officer was able to inspect one of the two,
which was in good condition, and was told the other was locked in a
separate storage area.

UNMONITORED COMMODITIES:

Unmonitored Computer Equipment:
The following computer equipment was donated to the Surinamese
Police Force (KPS) and was not monitored this cycle. Some of this
equipment was monitored in 2007 EUM cycle.
29 PC Intel Pentiums 4
37 Internal Fax Modems
37 Color Monitors
37 UPS
37 CD Drivers
1 Laser Printer
1 Dell Notebook
1 Projector
8 PC Intel Pentiums 4

The following computer equipment donated to the Police Ombudsman
Unit was not monitored this cycle. All of this equipment was
monitored in the 2007 EUM cycle.
4 PC Intel Pentiums 4
4 Internal Fax Modems
4 AOC 17" Color monitors
4 UPS'
4 CDRW Drives

The following computer equipment donated to the Vehicle Inspection
Unit was not monitored this cycle. All of this equipment was
monitored in the 2007 EUM cycle.
8 CPUs with monitors and keyboards
1 Computer Scanner
Computer Software and Supplies for Vehicle Database
2 Laser Network Printers
1 16 Port Network Switch
1 UPS 500 VA Switch
1 Microsoft Windows 2003 Sever STD 5 User UC
1 Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional
4 Belkin Home Office UPS Systems USZB 650 VA

The following computer equipment donated to the Cantonal Court in
2006 was not monitored this cycle. All of this equipment was
monitored in the 2007 EUM cycle.
9 Dell CPUs with monitors and keyboards
1 Central Server
2 Scanners
1 Ethernet Switch
1 APC Battery Back-up for Server

The following computer equipment donated Attorney General's Office
was not monitored this cycle. All but three of the computers (in
locked offices) were monitored in the 2007 EUM cycle.
10 Dell Computers
3 HP Printers

Unmonitored Communications Equipment:
The following communications equipment donated to the KPS was not
monitored the cycle. The RSO conducted both primary monitoring and
secondary monitoring (though documentation) of the equipment in the
2007 EUM cycle.
60 Motorola Pro 5550 Portable Radio Units c.w. Battery and Charger
Belt
3 Multi Rapid Charger 6 Units
1 set of Rib Bop Programming accessories
10 Single MTS Rapid Chargers
20 Portable Antennas
20 Single GTX Radio Chargers
7 Power Supply Mobile Spectra Radios
100 MTS Portable Batteries
100 GTX Batteries
40 Dispatch Centers Batteries
12 Repeater Site Batteries
8 Repeater Batteries (Conventional and Trucking)
2 Microwave Links
1 Fax Phone

The following communications equipment donated to the Police Academy
was not monitored this cycle. It was monitored in the 2007 EUM
cycle.
Translation Equipment: 1 Tabletop Transmitter, 1 Headset Microphone,
50 One Channel Wireless Receivers, 1 Carrying Case
4 Extra-Talk Radios
6 Fax Machines
4 Fax Machines
1 Motorola Pro550 portable unit, charger and battery
2 Motorola RF Links with receiver, repeater housing, interface,
etc.

The communications equipment donated to the Special Surveillance
Unit was not monitored this cycle. The items were monitored in the
2007 EUM cycle.
1 SONY Mavica Digital Camera
2 Micro-Cassette Recorders
2 SONY MVCCD500CD Mavicas with lens and telephoto lens
2 Digital 8 Handycam Camcorders and Camcorder Lenses
3 Binoculars

STATUS--INVENTORIES


A. Aircraft -- Not applicable.


B. Vehicles

Recipient Organization Inventory

Police TIP Unit:
1998 Toyota Caldina Station Wagon One
Green, Chassis No. AT21113011796 In Good Condition

1998 Toyota Regius Station Wagon One
White, Chassis No. KCH400010654 In Good Condition

2006 Xinkai Pickup HXK1021S One
Grey, Chassis No. LTA 1278216X125751 Engine in Excellent Mechanical
Condition but has body damage (Post has investigated this and it
appears to have experienced saltwater/rust damage when shipped to
Suriname.)

Arrest Team:
Nissan Urvan 3.0 Diesel One
Chassis No. JN1TG4E25Z-0718372 Minor Damage Due to
Running Vehicle Off-Road

Judicial Intelligence Unit:
1993 Toyota Corona One
VIN ST 190-4019421 Secondary Monitoring. Vehicle donated
in 1994
is said to be in "passable" condition

Anti-Narcotics Unit
1995 Used Toyota Landcruiser One
Chassis No. HZJ750039454 As in 2007 monitoring, has
transmission problems

1996 Used Toyota Landcruiser One
Chassis No. HZJ80029669 As in 2007 monitoring, has
transmission problems



C. Vessels -- Arrest Team
Aluma- craft all welded boat One
1 motor (40 hp) and 1 trailer Fair Condition



D. Weapons - Not applicable


E. UNMONITORED INVENTORIES

Unmonitored vehicles:

Location Inventory
Located at U.S. Embassy, City Police Office, or Police Liaison
Bureau

Reconditioned 1997 Toyota Corolla station wagon One
White, Chassis no. EE103-6013635
Donated in 2004

Reconditioned 1997 Toyota Corolla station wagon One
White, Chassis no. EE103-6018358
Donated in 2004

Reconditioned 1997 Toyota Corolla station wagon One
White, Chassis no. EE102-6000814
Donated in 2004

Unmonitored Vessels:
Maritime Police.
Aluma-craft all welded boat, 1 motor (60 hp) One
Trailer One

STATUS-SERVICES

Unmonitored completed construction projects:
The Renovation of the Police Academy Classroom Building (Police) was
not monitored this cycle, but was monitored the 2007 EUM cycle.

PROGRAM IMPACT:

Suriname's Police, law enforcement agencies, and courts receiving
assistance appear to use all resources provided in an effective
manner and are extremely appreciative of any and all assistance.
Post's INL program has strengthened GOS' institutional capacity to
make real progress in its fight against narcotics trafficking and
related crimes within its borders. The success of the program has
also deepened and strengthened our bilateral relationship and
cooperation.

While it is difficult to ascribe specific law enforcement victories
to specific INL-donated items, Post can provide the following data.
Figures for counternarcotics show that in 2008 law enforcement
seized 228.1 kilograms (kg) of cocaine, 123 kg of cannabis, 785 MDMA
(ecstasy) tablets and 3,346.4 grams of heroin. A total of 582
people were arrested for drug-related offenses. In addition to
these interdictions, USG law enforcement intelligence shows a
possible trafficking shift from Suriname to Guyana as the cost per
kilogram in Suriname is now higher than in Guyana. Costs per
kilogram in Suriname have risen due to an increase in security costs
for shipments.

INL material donations complemented work done in-country by the DEA.
In 2008, the DEA provided counternarcotics training to several
units of the KPS and provided technical assistance to the KPS in
narcotics and money laundering investigations.

PROBLEMS AND CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN


A. Unmonitored resources. In 2007, Post conducted 100% primary EUM
of all donated items. Therefore, based on this and a staffing
shortage at Post, Post decided to do only a percentage of primary
monitoring in 2008. Post therefore planned to EUM only one-third of
the inventory in 2008. Post plans to continue this monitoring on a
"rolling basis," and in 2009, Post will again monitor one-third of
the inventory (different items than those monitored in 2008).


B. Repair and maintenance of commodities. It is our LEWG policy not
to pay recurring costs such as repair and maintenance, which should
be included in the recipients' budgets. An exception to this is the
pending grant paperwork to buy the Police TIP Unit a second 4WD
vehicle out of a combination of INL and G/TIP funds, since the
vehicle purchased in 2006 has serious recurring maintenance issues.



C. Lack of Use and Misuse of Commodities: Post discovered in our
2007 EUM that the Criminal Fingerprint Database was not being fully
utilized because there are different sizes of fingerprint cards.
Post worked with the software contractor and the KPS in 2008 to come
up with a plan to use INL funds to adjust the programming of the
database. This project is slated to take place in 2009).


D. Disposal of Commodities: Post notes especially that some "big
ticket items," such as vehicles donated to the Anti-Narcotics Unit
some years ago, may be at end of their useful lives and will look
into working in 2009 with the recipient on the disposal of these
items in order to remove them from the INL EUM inventory.


E. Other problems: All Government of Suriname offices welcomed
Post's inspections of the INL items. Due to staff shortage and
limited travel funds, it is not possible to do EUM to smaller items
that have been disbursed through the country. It is a three and
four hour drive to the east and west borders, and the jungle
interior of the country is not easily accessible by car. As such,
Post does not visit counterpart sites or cities but relies on
secondary monitoring for these items.

SCHREIBER HUGHES