Identifier
Created
Classification
Origin
07VATICAN85
2007-05-06 13:05:00
CONFIDENTIAL
Embassy Vatican
Cable title:  

PAPAL VISIT TO BRAZIL: A PREVIEW

Tags:  PGOV PREL PHUM KIRF ECON SCUL SOCI BR VT XM 
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P 061305Z MAY 07
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C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 05 VATICAN 000085 

SIPDIS

SIPDIS

DEPT FOR EUR/WE LARREA

E.O. 12958: DECL: 5/6/2017
TAGS: PGOV PREL PHUM KIRF ECON SCUL SOCI BR VT XM
SUBJECT: PAPAL VISIT TO BRAZIL: A PREVIEW

REF: 06 VATICAN 269

VATICAN 00000085 001.2 OF 005


CLASSIFIED BY: Peter Martin, Political Officer, Vatican, State.

REASON: 1.4 (b),(d)
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SUMMARY

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C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 05 VATICAN 000085

SIPDIS

SIPDIS

DEPT FOR EUR/WE LARREA

E.O. 12958: DECL: 5/6/2017
TAGS: PGOV PREL PHUM KIRF ECON SCUL SOCI BR VT XM
SUBJECT: PAPAL VISIT TO BRAZIL: A PREVIEW

REF: 06 VATICAN 269

VATICAN 00000085 001.2 OF 005


CLASSIFIED BY: Peter Martin, Political Officer, Vatican, State.

REASON: 1.4 (b),(d)
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SUMMARY

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1. (SBU) Pope Benedict XVI travels to Brazil May 9-13 to open a
plenary session of the council of Latin American and Caribbean
bishops conferences (CELAM). The three most recent continental
meetings (Colombia 1968, Mexico 1979, and Dominican Republic
1992) provided direction for the Catholic Church in the region
for many years to come. This meeting in Aparecida, Brazil
figures to do the same. Issues high on the agenda include the
rise of evangelical Protestantism, poverty, civil engagement,
family issues and the environment. Above all, in appearances
before the conference and his opening of the gathering, Pope
Benedict hopes to rekindle the faith in Brazil and Latin
America, reestablishing the strength of the Church in this
Catholic heartland. He aims to prove that despite his attention
to Europe, Islam, and other issues, Latin America remains a
focus for the Holy See. Highlights of the pope's schedule
appear in paragraph seventeen. End Summary.



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Catholicism in Latin America - Key for the Holy See

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2. (SBU) Eighty-year-old Pope Benedict has not traveled much in
his pontificate, and only once outside of Europe, but he made a
visit to Latin America a priority. The region holds obvious
import for the Holy See as home to a third of the world's
Catholics - some 450 million people. This reality is reflected
in the Vatican bureaucracy. It is the only geographical region
for which the Vatican has a special commission, providing policy
guidance for the pope in close collaboration with Latin

America's bishops. Latin Americans feature prominently in the
Vatican hierarchy. Archbishop Leonardo Sandri, an Argentinean,
occupies the number three position as head of general Church
affairs. Latin American cardinals head the powerful
Congregation for the Clergy, the Council for the Family, and the
Council for Health Care.




3. (C) But the region also feels neglected by the Vatican.
There had been talk of electing the first Latin American pope
after the death of Pope John Paul II. Many Latin Americans were
disappointed when it didn't happen. Then Benedict's initial
focus on the spiritual roots of Europe, the challenge of Islam,
and ecumenical relations (working to heal the ancient rift with
the Orthodox) suggested to many that Latin America was not on
the front burner for the Holy See. Brazilian Monsignor Stefano
Migliorelli, a Vatican official leading preparations for
Benedict's trip, admits that the perception is deeply rooted.
There's no doubt that it played a "key role" in the pope's
decision to go to Brazil, he told us. The pope needs to show
Latin America that it counts.



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Why Brazil?

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4. (C) The Brazil trip and CELAM meeting offer the pope a
chance to demonstrate his interest in the region, and for him to
put his mark on the Latin American Church. His task is to
reconnect with the people. Brazil - and much of Latin America
- is like mission territory, Migliorelli said, using the
Catholic term for lands that haven't been systematically exposed
to the faith. "We have to approach this like evangelization -
starting from scratch," he continued. And Brazil is the key to
the Latin Church, Migliorelli told us, both because of the huge
number of Catholics there, and the fact that from the Catholic
perspective it suffers from many of the problems (evangelical
sects, poverty, environmental challenges) that one sees in other
parts of the region. When meeting with South American cardinals

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two years ago, it was Pope Benedict who chose the location of
the meeting, telling the group he wanted to hold it at the most
popular Marian shrine in Brazil.



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Family Values and Political Issues

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5. (C) In preliminary meetings and messages leading up to the
CELAM gathering, the pope has focused mainly on internal Church
issues such as promoting vocations to the priesthood and
safeguarding Catholic moral teaching on marriage and family
life. The region's bishops have been more political in their
pre-conference discussions. In his appearances before the
conference begins, the pope is more likely to focus on broad
questions of faith and morals, while his message to the
conference may become more concrete, reflecting the concerns of
the bishops. His message will undoubtedly set the tone for the
rest of the conference, one top Vatican official told us. "The
bishops won't be able to take a different route after the pope
has set out his priorities," he added.




6. (U) Below, we have outlined some of the themes that will
serve as a backdrop for the pope's appearances, and the topics
that he and the bishops will address.



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Growth of Evangelical Protestantism

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7. (SBU) When John Paul II made his first trip to Brazil in 1980
Catholics accounted for 89 percent of the population. According
to the 2000 census, they had fallen to 74 percent, with the
total in some major cities under 60 percent. Each year,
millions of Latin American Catholics leave their churches to
join mostly evangelical congregations - a departure actively
encouraged, according to the Catholic Church, by the pastors of
these new flocks. According to one analysis, while the Catholic
Church focuses on "saving souls," many of the evangelical
churches tackle day-to-day problems while making just enough
doctrinal demands to satisfy the Latin American thirst for
mysticism. Pope John Paul II described their activity as
"sinister". One of Benedict's main tasks will be to reawaken
the Catholic community and encourage resistance to what he has
called "poaching" by "sects".



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The "Threat" of Liberation Theology

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8. (SBU) Another major contextual issue for the visit is the
challenge to the traditional Church played by liberation
theology. Pope John Paul (aided by the current pope when he was
Cardinal Ratzinger) made major efforts to stamp out this Marxist
analysis of class struggle. It had come to be promoted by a
significant number of Catholic clergy and lay people, who in a
political compromise sometimes sanctioned violence "on behalf of
the people." The more orthodox form of liberation theology that
sided with the poor and oppressed had undergone a reductionist
reading that the Vatican sought to correct. To a large extent,
Pope John Paul II beat down "liberation theology", but in the
past few years, it has seen a resurgence in various parts of
Latin America.




9. (C) In March this issue came up again when the Vatican
office for doctrine (Benedict's old stomping grounds) issued a
note critiquing Basque priest Jon Sobrino's writings on Jesus
Christ. Sobrino, a Jesuit who worked for many years in El

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Salvador, was one of Latin America's best known liberation
theologians. The publication of the Vatican notification so
close to the Aparecida event was a clear message to the Church
in Latin America. Still Migliorelli says, "we don't plan to
bring up" liberation theology formally in any of the papal
addresses. "Everyone knows the situation," he went on. The key
is simply for the clergy to be trained more effectively to
explain the Church's position to the people, he concluded.



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Clerical Woes

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10. (C) Indeed, Migliorelli said, the crisis of the clergy is a
major factor in the region. The priest shortage in much of
Latin America is far worse than that in the United States. By
some accounts there are ten times fewer priests per capita than
in the U.S. What's more, Migliorelli lamented, their level of
education is often very low, and they often don't adhere to
standards of clerical discipline (celibacy, regular offering of
the sacraments, etc.) Although Benedict will be aiming at the
laity on this trip, Migliorelli admitted that the clerical issue
also requires attention.



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Economic Issues

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11. (C) A preparatory gathering in Rome for the CELAM meeting
gave a hint of the interest in economic issues that many of the
bishops present shared. At a press conference following the
event, the bishops complained about the "unjust distribution of
wealth and the abysmal differences in the distribution of
resources" in their region. They asked how this could happen
when the majority of Latin America's presidents, business people
and professionals claim to be Catholics. Migliorelli noted that
the Holy See was equally concerned about the great gap between
rich and poor in Brazil and much of Latin America, and said it
was something the pope would certainly address. He didn't
expect the pontiff to get into the weeds of trade policy, but
said that equitable trade in the era of globalization was also
part of the economic context.



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Deterioration of Society

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12. (SBU) In the lead-up to the CELAM meeting, Latin American
bishops have also expressed their concern over the general
"deterioration" of society in their region. The president of
Guatemala's bishops conference, Alvaro Ramazzini Imeri, lamented
omnipresent societal violence and described "societies that try
to follow lifestyles of consumerism and hedonism" with little
regard for social justice. Challenges regarding crime,
migration, and education will be among the issues that the
region's bishops will bring to the discussion in Aparecida, and
will undoubtedly find their way, at least in broad strokes, into
the pope's remarks. For the Holy See and the bishops, many of
these ills can be traced to the dissolution of the family and
the lack of attention to "moral values". The pope and the
bishops will undoubtedly make the family a centerpiece of their
remarks.



--------------

Environment

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13. (SBU) Other bishops will seek attention for environmental
issues. Recently, Archbishop Pedro Barreto Jimeno of Peru said
the region's wealth of natural resources and the variety of its
cultures contrasted sharply with the "extreme poverty" in urban
shantytowns, highland villages and Amazonian communities. The
archbishop said Andean glaciers were in rapid retreat leaving
farmers without water "within two decades." He decried the
destruction of one-fifth of the Amazon rain forest and the
continuing pillage that sees some 20,000 square miles disappear
every year. Again, the pope is unlikely to delve into the
details of these issues as much as the bishops will, but he may
well refer to them. More than previous popes, Benedict has
noted environmental challenges.



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Hot Spots

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14. (C) Monsignor Angelo Accattino, Holy See MFA lead on CELAM
and several Latin American countries, acknowledged the Holy
See's concerns and interest in Latin American hot spots such as
Venezuela and Cuba. But this was not the venue, he said, to
engage on what he called "political issues". He said the pope
would not comment on controversial leaders, and didn't think
regional bishops would do differently. If we can help
rejuvenate the Church with this visit, other issues (and
leaders) will be easier to deal with, Accattino said. When
pressed, he acknowledged that in Cuba and Venezuela the issues
at stake were based on human rights - fertile ground for the
pope and bishops. He maintained, however, that the pope would
steer clear of all but the broadest questions.



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Brazil - Holy See Bilateral Issues

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15. (C) Brazilian diplomats here have told us that the Holy See
has been laid back about bilateral issues. When the Brazilian
DCM approached the Vatican to ask what issues they might want to
raise in the papal meeting with President da Silva, Holy See
officials said they had no preference, only asking that Brazil
let them know what their side would like to raise. In the end,
the Brazilians simply left the agenda open. There had been talk
of finalizing a concordat between the two sides (regularizing
some Church-State issues),but all realized that there was no
way to complete work on the document in time for the visit. The
Brazilians expect the pope will raise family issues in the
bilateral context, as the government has some role in this area.
Our Brazilian contacts noted that Brazil's progressive stances
on some homosexual partnership issues could attract Benedict's
attention.



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Comment

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16. (C) Four U.S. bishops, including the top U.S. Churchman at
the Vatican, Cardinal William Levada, will attend the CELAM
conference, suggesting that it may impact even beyond the
boundaries of Latin America. The participation of a Canadian
cardinal also emphasizes the Holy See's vision of solidarity in
the Americas. The Holy See has placed great emphasis on the
trip, anticipating that it will be an important moment in this
pontificate. Sources tell us that Benedict has sequestered
himself in recent days to devote his full attention to
finalizing his speeches, which will be delivered in Portuguese.
In the end, the trip will be a success if Benedict is able to
rekindle enthusiasm for the Catholic Church in Brazil, and also
impact the wider region, focusing Catholics on "faith, family,
and morals". We expect a document to come out of the Aparecida
meeting by the end of 2007, focusing on some of the more

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concrete issues noted above. End comment.



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Papal Schedule

--------------




17. (U) Major events on Pope Benedict XVI's schedule:



The complete schedule may be viewed at

http://www.vatican.va.holy_father/benedict_xv i/travels/2007
/documents/trav_ben-xvi_brasile-program_20070 509_en.html





- May 9, late evening arrival in Sao Paolo, official speech at
the airport welcome ceremony.



- May 10 Sao Paolo, meeting with President Lula, ecumenical
encounter, lunch with the Brazilian bishops conference, (at
Paceambu Soccer Stadium) meeting with young people.



- May 11 Sao Paolo, Campo de Marte airfield, Mass to canonize a
Brazilian saint (morning),meeting with Brazil's bishops at Sao
Paolo Cathedral (afternoon),flight to Aparecida (evening).



- May 12, travel to Guaratingueta for encounter with recovering
substance abusers (morning),lunch with CELAM delegates, Shrine
of Our Lady of Aparecida for prayer service(evening).



- May 13, Mass with bishops to inaugurate CELAM meeting
(morning),opening of meeting with key note address (afternoon),
papal address and departure for Rome after formal farewell
ceremony (late evening).
ROONEY