Identifier
Created
Classification
Origin
07SANSALVADOR786
2007-04-25 13:18:00
UNCLASSIFIED
Embassy San Salvador
Cable title:
REGIONAL PRIORITIES FOR ENVIRONMENT PROJECTS THAT SUPPORT
how-toVZCZCXYZ0000 RR RUEHWEB DE RUEHSN #0786/01 1151318 ZNR UUUUU ZZH R 251318Z APR 07 FM AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 6023 RUEHGT/AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA 4874 RUEHMU/AMEMBASSY MANAGUA 2192 RUEHSJ/AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE 3634 RUEHDG/AMEMBASSY SANTO DOMINGO 0682 RUEHTG/AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA 0813
UNCLAS SAN SALVADOR 000786
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
FOR OES/ENV RACHEL KASTENBERG AND BOB WING
WHA/EPSC JUN BANDO
USAID/LAC/RSD JOHN GARRISON
USTR ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MARA M. BURR
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EAID SENV ETRD CAFTA ELAB ES
SUBJECT: REGIONAL PRIORITIES FOR ENVIRONMENT PROJECTS THAT SUPPORT
CAFTA-DR IMPLEMENTATION
REF: STATE 37718
UNCLAS SAN SALVADOR 000786
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
FOR OES/ENV RACHEL KASTENBERG AND BOB WING
WHA/EPSC JUN BANDO
USAID/LAC/RSD JOHN GARRISON
USTR ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MARA M. BURR
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EAID SENV ETRD CAFTA ELAB ES
SUBJECT: REGIONAL PRIORITIES FOR ENVIRONMENT PROJECTS THAT SUPPORT
CAFTA-DR IMPLEMENTATION
REF: STATE 37718
1) Summary: As requested in reftel, this cable contains Post
priorities for CAFTA-DR regional environment activities for FY 2007.
The proposals described here build upon priorities presented by
Trade and Environment representatives the week of March 21 to 23 at
the meeting convened by State/OES and State/WHA. In addition to the
country delegations, representatives from USAID/Guatemala,
USAID/Dominican Republic, USAID/Honduras, UQID/El Salvador, US
Embassy/Costa Rica, US Embassy/El Salvador and USAID/Washington.
The proposals presented here build upon work already started using
FY2006 CAFTA funding and identify areas where additional support
will be needed from specific US government agencies, who will be
presenting their proposals under separate cover for funding to
complement these activities.
For regional CAFTA-DR environmental activities, Post is presenting
three proposals:
- Institutional Strengthening for Effective Implementation and
Enforcement of Environmental Laws and Multilateral Agreements: $3.1
Million.
- Improved Private-Sector Environmental Performance and Access to
Financing: $1.85 Million.
- Improved Management of Regional Watersheds: $ 1.6 Million.
End Summary.
Introduction
--------------
2) Nearly 18 months ago, Post began a consultative process to
identify key labor and environment trade capacity needs in the
region for FY 2006 and beyond. This process, consisting of
consultations with Government colleagues, regional integration
institutions, and the private sector, identified several priority
needs. These needs mirror the priorities in the CAFTA-DR
Environment Cooperation Agreement (ECA) and are presented in order
of priority as identified by the countries.
3) With USG support, regional environmental integration and
cooperation in Central America has been developing for more than 15
years. Regional integration is a means for a more rational use of
natural resources and a better quality of life for Central
Americans. Through a formal agreement with the Secretariat for
Central America Integration (SICA),USAID's regional mission in El
Salvador (E-CAM) manages a regional portfolio of trade, labor and
environment activities. The Comision Centroamericana para Ambiente
y Desarrollo (CCAD),an organization created under SICA, is mandated
by the Central American governments to conduct regional
environmental activities.
4) E-CAM has established a core management team of high-level
professionals within CCAD, who will coordinate and implement the
assistance outlined in these proposals. For FY 2006 funds, several
Central American countries (Guatemala, Nicaragua and El Salvador)
recognized the expertise within E-CAM and CCAD and requested that
their bilateral activities be incorporated into the E-CAM portfolio.
They may continue to do so in the future.
5) The proposals presented here represent a consensus view of the
Central American governments of key regional projects necessary to
help them meet the requirements of the CAFTA-DR environment
provisions.
I. Institutional Strengthening for Effective Implementation and
Enforcement of Environmental Laws and Multilateral Agreements
-------------- --------------
6) PURPOSE: This activity will strengthen the ability of El
Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and the
Dominican Republic to develop sound environmental regulations and
policies and effectively enforce existing environmental legislation.
This also meets the number one priority identified by the parties
in the ECA work plan and continued to be a stated priority at the
March 2007 meeting with the CAFTA-DR focal points. It is a
recognized priority in the CAFTA-DR agreement (chapter and verse),
and is clearly a priority of Congress.
7) DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION: While the challenge of meeting the
obligations of CAFTA-DR and other agreements falls primarily on the
national governments of each country, a regional approach is
essential to harmonize implementation across borders. Current
environmental laws throughout the region need to be harmonized to
reduce trade barriers brought about by differing standards and
systems. Environmental law enforcement within the CAFTA-DR
countries is weak because existing institutions have limited human
and financial resources and many lack the necessary authority to
enforce laws. Existing legal frameworks often lack the implementing
regulations and procedures, hindering implementation. USAID will
work with EPA and relevant government ministries by using the CCAD
regional environment platform. This approach will build continuity
through changes in governments, build on positive experiences in
countries to date, and offer economies of scale managing similar
initiatives by the same team of experts in an efficient and
cost-effective manner.
8) Compliance with Multilateral Environment Agreements (MEA's) is
also low due to limited resources and lack of trained personnel.
One of the major risks posed by the establishment of common borders
under CAFTA-DR is the unregulated transport of endangered species
and hazardous chemicals. This activity will ensure that countries
have the tools and systems to meet their obligations under CITES,
UNFCC, and the Montreal Protocol. The US Government has encouraged
the region to speak as one vote in MEA matters. Through CCAD, USAID
will coordinate different donors and players working on these issues
to ensure a more strategic response to problems at hand.
9) The ultimate goal of the program is that CAFTA-DR countries will
have the tools necessary to promote environmental compliance and
enforce environmental legislation.
10) EXPECTED RESULTS:
- At least 50 government officials/trainers trained in each country
on how to use relevant environmental management principles and
tools, including the use of regulatory and administrative
incentives.
- An internal assessment and plan on how to more efficiently use
budgetary resources for environmental management is completed by
each government.
- Six environmental regulations or administrative procedures are
developed each year of the activity.
- A regional system for certifying environmental auditors, quality
labs and service providers is developed.
- National environmental officials in the CAFTA-DR countries have
the capacity to review Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs),
design and implement new policies and procedures, and to clearly
define relationships between various levels of government for
analysis, involvement and follow up in the EIA process.
- Increased access to sound environmental data for decision-makers
through Regional Visualization and Monitoring System (SERVIR)
expansion.
- Increased air quality monitoring stations in each country. Air
quality index approach for air quality forecasting applied
regionally.
- Build national capacity to respond to citizen complaints.
- Intra-governmental mechanisms for effective enforcement of at
least three key international environmental agreements are
established and working.
- At least six customs experts will have developed the skills to
provide training to fellow customs officers on MEA enforcement
giving customs officials a better understanding of their role in
enforcing environmental laws, including international agreements and
domestic implementing legislation.
- CAFTA-DR countries will improve their performance in meeting
CITES obligations through harmonized procedures and regulations.
Police and customs officers will have basic awareness and knowledge
of CITES. Scientific and Management Authorities will have
sufficient capacity to document population status to meet CITES
obligations and update regional lists, leading to better regulation
of endangered flora and fauna.
- Improved management of trans-boundary movement of hazardous
chemicals.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES:
Technical assistance to governments to develop harmonized
environmental regulations and implement procedures and policies that
provide clear guidance to business and level the playing field for
trade.
11) Eliminate law enforcement gaps. ($350,000) This activity will
help Governments develop the needed regional framework environmental
legislation to fill existing legal gaps. Work will focus on
priority sectors as defined by the CAFTA-DR Trade Ministries.
USAID/E-CAM, working through CCAD and EPA, will develop enforcement
procedures such as investigating and gathering of evidence, building
a case, to determining how to prosecute, and presenting that case
and evidence effectively to a judicial body. Result: Six
environmental regulations or administrative procedures are developed
each year of the activity.
Technical Assistance to Environmental Ministries and enforcement
agencies to Qprove implementation of environmental laws.
12) Enforcement Training and Improved Procedures. ($650,000) This
activity will institutionalize training programs to strengthen the
capacity of authorities (judges, prosecutors, and inspectors) toQnsistently apply existing environmental protection procedures.
USAID/E-CAM through CCAD, will strengthen the capacity of CAFTA-DR
countries to identify and effectively prosecute environmental
crimes. While EPA and CCAD have worked to build local capacity for
enforcement training, there is a need to institutionalize this
training through different venues, such as universities or ministry
training centers. USAID/E-CAM will also work to promote clerkships
with university environmental law programs, continue to develop and
improve judicial training material and educate the press on the
workings of the judicial system in environmental matters.
13) Environmental Budgets. ($240,000) USAID/E-CAM will work with
SICA, SIECA and CCAD, to help CAFTA-DR countries harmonize
regulations and procedures that allow ministries and municipalities
to use licensing, concession, and other use fees for management of
natural resources and funding of environmental law enforcement. We
will also develop a regional strategy to create or use financial and
economic incentives to contribute to environmental protection in
productive sectors. Results: At least 50 government
officials/trainers trained in each country on how to use relevant
environmental management principles and tools, including the use of
regulatory and administrative incentives. An internal assessment
and plan on how to more efficiently use budgetary resources for
environmental management is completed by each government.
Technical Assistance to promote the adoption of environmental
responsibility, audits, and EMS programs ($350,000)
14) Environmental Management Systems (EMS) was identified as a
priority by all CAFTA-DR countries at the March 2007 meeting in El
Salvador. USAID/E-CAM, working with CCAD and EPA, will assist key
environment quality labs to attain international accreditation on
EMS, as well as the certification and registration of environmental
auditors and other environmental service providers, ensuring they
are held to common standards throughout the region. CCAD, with
technical assistance from EPA will train authorities in relevant
environmental management principles and tools, including the use of
regulatory and administrative incentives (such as public-private
partnerships and flexible voluntary mechanisms). Result: A regional
system for certifying environmental auditors, quality labs and
service providers is developed.
Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Review (Permitting
Decision-Making) ($240,000)
15) The strengthening of the Environment Impact Assessment process
was identified as a priority by all CAFTA-DR countries at the March
2007 meeting in El Salvador. It is anticipated that EPA will
receive funds to carry out this activity and that some of those
funds will need to be funneled to CCAD through the grant agreement
E-CAM has with that entity. They will strengthen the EIA process in
CAFTA-DR countries, particularly national review criteria, systems,
procedures and monitoring process. Result: National and local
environmental officials in the CAFTA-DR countries have the capacity
to review EIA's, design and implement new policies and procedures,
and to clearly define relationships between various levels of
government for analysis, involvement and follow up in the EIA
process.
Environmental Monitoring for Informed Decision-Making ($350,000)
16) Access to sound environmental data is essential to support
science-based decision-making, a key to ensuring objective rules,
avoiding arbitrary decision-making, and enabling an informed public
to participate meaningfully in democratic decision-making processes.
Additional resources are needed to further expand the geographic
coverage of the Regional Visualization and Monitoring System
(SERVIR) and Mesoamerican Environmental Information System (SIAM)
and integrate into both systems more disparate environmental
information and data working in partnership with EPA, NASA and
GEOSS, universities and national governments. It is anticipated
that NASA will receive funds to carry out this activity and that
some of those funds will need to be funneled to CCAD through the
grant agreement E-CAM has with that entity. Result: Increased
access to sound environmental data for decision-makers through
SERVIR expansion.
Air Quality Management: Emissions Inventories ($150,000)
17) EPA will continue to work with CCAD and CAFTA-DR countries to
implement the regional policy and national strategies for air
quality management. It is anticipated that EPA will receive funds
to carry out this activity and that some of those funds will need to
be funneled to CCAD through the grant agreement E-CAM has with that
entity. Results: Increased air quality monitoring stations in each
country. Air quality index approach for air quality forecasting
applied regionally.
Technical Assistance to comply with CAFTA-DR environmental
requirements including support for Public Complaints Units and the
Civil Society Outreach Unit to promote awareness of environmental
provisions of CAFTA-DR and the ECA. ($400,000)
18) Strengthen Environmental Units. Building on procedures
established by the ECA for the regional Environmental Claims
Secretariat, CCAD will assist national claims units to develop
SIPDIS
consistent procedures to resolve environmental claims. Continue to
support the implementation of the Environmental Chapter of the
CAFTA-DR and the ECA and strengthen the national and regional
offices involved in the application of CAFTA-DR, the Environmental
Affairs Council and the ECA's Environmental Cooperation Commission.
Result: Build national capacity to respond to citizen complaints.
19) Regional Environmental Information. CCAD will help strengthen
mechanisms for public complaints and communications and increase
public understanding of the CAFTA-DR and ECA environment provisions,
specifically the procedures of the Environment Secretariat in SIECA.
Support will include expanding e-government applications and access
to environmental information. Result: Build national capacity to
respond to citizen complaints.
20) Strengthening and Coordination between Ministries and
Institutions. CCAD will continue to support the participation and
coordination of high-ranked functionaries from the Environment and
Economy/Commerce Ministries from CAFTA-DR on important trade and
environment issues and in the compliance with the provisions of
CAFTA-DR. USAID also proposes to expand inter-ministerial
communications through the creation of a new SICA working group with
representatives from the Fisheries and Environment Ministries.
Result: Build national capacity to respond to citizen complaints.
Expand country compliance with Multilateral Environmental Agreements
(MEA's) including CITES
21) Regional Mechanisms for Effective Enforcement of MEAs.
($135,000). MEA implementation is hindered by missing procedures.
A set of procedural road maps will be developed and tailored to meet
each country's specific legislative conditions. USAID will help
strengthen the registration and procedures for the sound management
and trans-boundary movement of pesticides, hazardous materials,
substances and wastes, including procedures for Prior Informed
Consent. Regional norms will be developed in some specific
instances (such as chemical importation and use),where they are
lacking. Informational materials will be prepared regarding waste,
toxic chemicals, endangered species and biodiversity, and
ozone-depleting substances. Linkages at the national level between
key enforcement stakeholders, customs officers, customs training
institutes, national focal points for MEA's, judges, and prosecutors
will be strengthened. Result: Intra-governmental mechanisms for
effective enforcement of at least three key international
environmental agreements are established and working.
22) CAFTA-DR countries will improve their performance in meeting
CITES obligations through harmonized procedures and regulations.
Result: Scientific and Management Authorities will have sufficient
capacity to document population status to meet CITES obligations and
updated regional lists, allowing better regulation of endangered
flora and fauna, will be available. The initiative will also
improve management of trans-boundary movement of hazardous
chemicals.
23) Build capacity for effective MEA enforcement. ($235,000). Law
enforcement officers (customs, police, judges) lack the tools and
knowledge to effectively enforce existing legislation related to
MEA's. An assessment will be conducted to determine which CITES
species should be targeted for intervention, based on their
importance to trade (this analysis has not been done yet). There
are also multiple players providing MEA capacity building. CCAD
will help coordinate regional capacity building through its various
MEA working groups and regional forums to ensure that training is
effective and not duplicative. Result: At least six customs
experts will have developed the skills to provide training to fellow
customs officers on MEA enforcement giving customs officials a
better understanding of their role in enforcing environmental laws,
including international agreements and domestic implementing
legislation.
24) U.S. POLICY OBJECTIVES. As signatories to CAFTA-DR,
participating countries are required to improve and effectively
enforce their existing environmental laws. The ECA work plan
identifies environmental law enforcement as a priority under section
1.1 "Strengthening Environmental Law Compliance and Enforcement
Systems: Support the strengthening of national systems for effective
enforcement of Parties' environmental legislation, including
administrative and judicial procedures." It is a key USG policy
goal that this commitment be met.
25) Furthermore, as signatories to CAFTA-DR, participating countries
are required to implement and improve compliance with multilateral
agreements to which they are all party. This project will address
three activities identified in the ECA work plan as follows:
26) Activity 1.3.1. Strengthen capacity for national implementation
of CITES, RAMSAR, the Montreal Protocol and other relevant MEA's to
which we are all Party, including by disseminating procedures for
their implementation and undertaking public awareness campaigns.
27) Activity 1.3.2. Provide training and capacity building to
Scientific and Management Authorities, Customs authorities and
national police to enhance implementation of CITES.
28) Activity 1.3.3. Develop programs and projects to provide
economic instruments to protect wildlife at the regional and
national levels.
29) Activity 1.3.4. Strengthen the enforcement of restrictions on
trade in ozone depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol and
the development of innovative mechanism for encouraging cross
boundary engagement in reducing the use of such substances.
30) This project fits under Economic Growth Objective, Environment
Program Area. It meets the requirements under the Natural Resources
and Biodiversity and Clean Productive Environment Elements of the
Joint State/USAID Framework. [lb1]
31) NEW/PREVIOUS WORK. USAID has built a strong foundation for
policy work throughout the region, working in close collaboration
with bilateral and regional organizations including CCAD, local and
international NGO's, USG agencies (DOI, EPA, USDA, NOAA, DOC, NASA)
and other organizations. Thanks to USAID's early work with EPA and
CCAD, a framework document to develop effective environmental laws
and regulations was developed and served as the base for creating
most of the Environment Ministries in the region. Successes include
the framework regulation for wastewater, a regional manual for
environmental inspections, and the harmonized administrative
procedures for sanctions for environmental crimes. Using FY 2006
funds CCAD has been working closely with EPA specialists to provide
training on law enforcement in the Dominican Republic. Regional
coordination meetings with judicial authorities, customs officials,
and other key entities have addressed how regional training will be
provided to customs officials and border authorities on CITES, as
well as how bi-national guidelines will be applied. The countries
have also met and begun to individually implement the regional
policy for clean production developed last year and begun to develop
model voluntary agreements in key sectors for the region. These
trade capacity building activities will enable the countries to take
advantage of new trade and investment opportunities and businesses
to become more competitive, without loosing sight of existing
environmental legislation.
32) USAID has built a strong foundation for policy work throughout
the region, working in close collaboration with the Central American
Governments through CCAD. USAID has worked with CCAD and EPA to
promote knowledge of relevant MEA's and harmonization of regulations
and procedures. In collaboration with EPA and NASA, USAID is
helping countries meet the United National Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) requirements to produce a report on their
greenhouse gas emissions through the development of tools and
improvements in data quality. Activities planned here complement
the UNDP GEF activities on climate change, the World Bank efforts on
payments for environmental services, and the Spanish Cooperation's
biodiversity conservation work. Through CCAD, USAID is cooperating
with GTZ's air quality project, JICA's solid waste management
activities and IUCN's Environmental Impact project. The Danes just
started a project to strengthen the capacity of SICA as a regional
integration body.
33) The experience these actors have gained working in the region
will allow us to quickly target assistance to fill legislative gaps
and address enforcement priorities in each country.
34) ESTIMATED COST. $3.1 Million. This funding is requested for
regional activities only. Bilateral requests will come from
bilateral missions and the U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica. Matching
funds will be provided from national governments through CCAD. The
amount includes 6% for program management.
35) LOCAL BUY IN. Local authorities identified "Strengthening each
Party's environmental management systems, including strengthening
institutional and legal frameworks" as the first priority in the
Cooperative Work Program. The Cooperative Work Program was
formulated through interagency coordination among the Ministries of
Environment and Trade of each of the countries in the region and
based upon joint and consensual decisions. On the ground activities
will be developed regionally or nationally, depending on local
capacity.
36) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY. This project would provide a venue to
increase the visibility of USG efforts to conserve/maintain the
environment in Central America and the Dominican Republic.
II. Improved Private-Sector Environmental Performance and Access to
Financing
-------------- --------------
37) PURPOSE: This activity will improve the private sector's
environmental performance and competitiveness by providing flexible
incentives for them to adopt clean production technologies in their
production processes. USAID will spearhead public-private
partnerships that leverage private sector resources to achieve
voluntary compliance with national environmental laws.
38) DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION: Contamination from industry
poses a serious risk to the region's ability to comply with
CAFTA-DR. The private sector plays an influential role in
determining whether governments develop and implement legislation
that addresses environmental hazards. The implementation of
voluntary mechanisms to enhance environmental performance will bring
together the private sector and Government as partners to reduce
contamination. This program will create public private
partnerships that will encourage voluntary compliance with
environmental legislation. It will enlist the private sector in
making investments that both improve environmental performance yet
also have a direct impact on firm competitiveness by reducing costs.
39) EXPECTED RESULTS:
- Net reduction in energy consumption and expenditures.
- Net reduction in waste water generation from production processes
and improved solid waste management through the more efficient use
of inputs.
- Public employees and private sector businesses more knowledgeable
about best practices that will improve environmental performance.
- Net savings in firm production costs due to more efficient
processes.
Specific Activities:
--------------
Improved Private-Sector Environmental Performance
40) Develop public-private partnerships. ($600,000) Regional
public-private partnerships and alliances are being promoted at the
national level with private sector companies and NGOs to facilitate
the transfer and adoption of cleaner production technologies. USAID
will also work with governments to promote voluntary and flexible
mechanisms to encourage public/private partnerships to improve
environmental protection, promote pollution prevention, and help
green supply chains. USAID will also support the development of
market incentives and economic incentives for environmental
management.
41) Promote clean production best practices and cooperation.
($550,000) USAID will promote clean production schemes in
productive processes, applying best practices to improve efficiency
in the use of raw materials and inputs. USAID will promote
incentives by creating a program to recognize private sector success
and performance through national environmental innovation awards, in
cooperation with other donors. These clean production and energy
efficiency activities are part of a broader strategy through 2010.
Additional FY07 funds are needed to continue working regionally to
promote a more uniform approach to implementing cleaner production
policies and practices and avoid duplicity of efforts at the
national level. Funding will be directed towards regional cleaner
production training in priority economic sectors. Funding will also
help expand the regional Environmental Innovation Prize for Clean
Production and improve its visibility.
42) Regional Clean Production Information Center. ($250,000)
Funding is needed to help get the Regional Cleaner Production
Information Center fully staffed and operational. The Center will
not only provide information but it will also help to strengthen
national cleaner production centers and promote greater coordination
across countries and donors. The Center will also help facilitate
cooperation with between Central American, U.S. and other Latin
American cleaner production centers.
43) Clean Production Exchanges. ($150,000) Funding will also be
used to help send representatives from CAFTA-DR countries to this
year's Bi-Annual Environmental Performance Track regional meeting in
the U.S. which brings together officials from EPA's regional
offices, as well as state and local governments to discuss
environmental compliance and cleaner production issues. Such a
visit by officials from El Salvador in 2005 was instrumental in
helping the country launch its cleaner production program and
initiate partnerships with the private sector. Funds would also be
used to help facilitate follow-on visits to the region and
cooperation from US cleaner production centers and State and
municipal cleaner production and compliance assistance programs.
44) Mobilizing financing for cleaner production and clean energy
development. ($300,000) One of the biggest limitations businesses
face is the lack of capital available in the region to make clean
production improvements. The clean production Development Credit
Authority establishes a non-traditional line of credit for private
sector companies in the region interested in making clean production
improvements. The Development Credit Authority reduces the risk
banks face by providing partial loan guarantees. USAID is seeking
funding for CCAD to continue to promote the DCA and other clean
production and energy efficiency finance mechanisms throughout the
region.
45) U.S. POLICY OBJECTIVES. The Governments in the region recognize
that incentives and other flexible and voluntary mechanisms can
contribute to the achievement and maintenance of environmental
protection. The Cooperative Work Program stresses under Article
1.1.8 the need to strengthen the private sector's ability to comply
with environmental legislation. U.S. policy interests are best
served by a cooperative effort between the private sector and
government.
46) NEW/PREVIOUS WORK. USAID has already established a regional
clean production Development Credit Authority (scheduled to end in
2010) and funds a clean production expert at CCAD who works with the
Clean Production Centers in each country (many of them funded by
USAID bilateral programs) to encourage private sector businesses to
make clean production improvements. The clean production
Development Credit Authority provides a partial loan guarantee to
banks to encourage loans in clean production. USAID El Salvador
recently started a clean production activity with the World
Environment Center, to promote private sector-led clean production
in El Salvador. This activity will complement efforts by providing
funding to disseminate best practices and develop public private
partnerships so that government authorities, clean production
centers, banks and the private sector work in harmony to promote
voluntary compliance with existing environmental laws. Model
voluntary agreements between the private sector and the government
will be developed for use throughout the region. The Regional Clean
Production Center network is being strengthened and the Regional
Clean Production node in Nicaragua will provide information
regarding new clean production technologies.
47) ESTIMATED COST. $1,850,000 in DA or ESF for 2007. Amount
includes 6% management costs.
48) LOCAL BUY-IN. Chapter 17 of CAFTA-DR (Article 17.4) establishes
the need for flexible voluntary mechanisms to improve environmental
performance and environmental cooperation to facilitate the
development and transfer of appropriate technologies. Demand for
clean production technologies is increasing throughout the region as
increased energy costs make businesses less competitive in global
markets. We expect to leverage at least $1 million from the private
sector through a public private partnership.
49) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY. This activity provides public visibility
through the Environmental Innovation Prize for Clean Production. As
Environment Ministries have enthusiastically embraced clean
production as a way of addressing the twin goals of reduced
pollution and increased competitiveness, USG public diplomacy
efforts can highlight these "win-win" solutions.
III. Creating Incentives for Improved Management of Critical
Biodiversity-rich Watersheds
--------------
50) PURPOSE: This activity will enhance market incentives for
improved natural resource management in El Salvador, Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua and build the basis for
sustainable financing in three watersheds of high biodiversity
importance.
51) DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION: Central America has exceptional
biodiversity that needs to be conserved for both its current
economic value and potential future value. The future growth of the
region depends on the health of its natural resource base. For
example, sustainable flows of income from tourism and the
availability of clean water supplies are both directly related to
environmental health. However, there are insufficient financial
resources to fully fund and implement protected area and watershed
management plans. Governments rarely allocate adequate funds for
the environment during the budget process and current policies
rarely allow for significant generation and retention of fees for
management at the local level. There are few incentives for local
producers to manage their natural resource base themselves.
Recognizing the potential of tourism and non-traditional
agricultural and forestry products, this activity will help build
market-based incentives for improved natural resource management.
52) Expected Results:
- Improve visitor infrastructure at 10 target sites.
- Reduce environmental infractions by the tourism sector.
- Reduce resource degradation by six communities within and near
protected areas.
- Increased trade of sustainably produced environmental goods and
services.
- Increase the level of sustainable financing available for resource
management.
- Increase the level of sustainable financing made available for
resource management through "payment for environmental services."
SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES:
53) Improvement of tourism infrastructure. Visitor infrastructure,
such as trails, observation towers, and information centers, will be
improved at priority sites identified by Tourism and Environment
Ministries. Guides, and other service providers, such as hotel
staff, and transportation providers, will be trained in best
practices.
54) Increased options for sustainable income generation. Many rural
residents have few income generation options, a pattern that
encourages adoption of environmentally destructive agricultural
practices. USAID will build on its experience in identifying and
promoting alternative livelihoods for communities near protected
areas. Community members will be provided specialized technical
assistance and vocational training. Where possible, assistance will
be provided in establishing market access for natural products from
communities living near protected areas.
55) Helping governments remove barriers that keep funds from
reaching protected areas. The activity will address policy
constraints that prevent funds from getting to where they are needed
for improved management. It will also address capacity limitations
that prevent local residents from identifying, producing and trading
in environmental goods and services.
56) "Payment for Environmental Services" as a concept for improved
management will be promoted with selected local and national
governments, building on the existing experience at sites in Costa
Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala. Payments for Environmental
Services will be implemented at selected target sites.
Environmental payment service systems will be reviewed by experts,
and their findings will be discussed at public meetings. Findings
of evaluations will be provided to NGOs, the general public, as well
as national and local government.
57) U.S. POLICY OBJECTIVES: This activity directly addresses
priorities established by the signatories of CAFTA-DR in the ECA
work plan that highlights the need for sustainable financing for
natural resource management. Specifically, it addresses ECA work
plan activities that include:
58) Activity 3.2.1. Improve visitor infrastructure and services to
increase tourism while better protecting the resources.
59) Activity 3.2.2. Promote alternative livelihoods based on
sustainable resource use for communities within and near protected
areas.
60) Activity 3.3.1. Promote activities directed towards
strengthening the capacity of the Region to identify, produce and
trade in environmental goods and services.
61) Activity 3.3.2. Promote and implement market schemes for
environmental services.
62) Activity 3.3.3. Validate and promote at a regional level the use
of evaluation methodologies for environmental payment services
systems.
63) This project fits under Economic Growth Objective, Environment
Program Area. It meets the requirements under the Natural Resources
and Biodiversity Element of the Joint State/USAID Framework.
64) NEW/PREVIOUS WORK: USAID has experience working on tourism,
payments for environmental services, and certification of
environmental goods in the region. USAID has worked in close
collaboration with the Central American governments through CCAD.
Some examples include the development of a tri-national ecotourism
route in the Gulf of Honduras and the development of public use
plans for protected areas. In the agriculture sector, USAID support
for sustainably produced gourmet coffee led to the sale of 6.6
million pounds of certified organic coffee and over 237,000 tons of
certified environmentally friendly bananas. In addition, over
60,000 cubic meters of certified timber products were sold. In this
activity, USAID will build upon this foundation and work on these
issues through local organizations. Activities complement the World
Bank efforts on payments for environmental services and the
Interamerican Development Bank work on tourism.
65) ESTIMATED COST: USAID received $600,000 in FY06 funds, which
will be issued as grants to local organizations this year. USAID
requests an additional $1,600,000 for FY07.
66) LOCAL BUY-IN: During the March 07 meeting, countries endorsed
continuing work in trans-boundary watersheds. In addition to work
in the Gulf of Honduras and La Amistad/Cahuita, the countries
requested additional support to work in the San Juan Watershed
(between Guatemala and El Salvador) and Trifinio (Guatemala, El
Salvador, and Honduras). USAID recommends DOI consider this request
when drafting their proposal.
67) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY STRATEGY: The activities described here
represent some of the most visible and valued USG investments in the
region. By directly working with communities around protected
areas, USAID can positively influence the livelihoods of thousands
of individuals and demonstrate that free-trade agreements,
environmental progress and income growth for the poor are not
incompatible. In the past, the public diplomacy opportunities of
such programs have proven to be enormous.
Comment:
--------------
68) REGIONAL PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: Through March 30, 2007 CCAD had
accrued $1 million in total expenditures. ($550,000 in Regional
funds, $100,000 in Nicaragua funds and $100,000 in El Salvador funds
and $200,000 in Guatemala bilateral funds). During the first three
months of this year, CCAD doubled expenditures each month. This
trend is expected to continue over the next six months as
implementation is ramped up in response to the approval of the
workplans in November 2006.
69) NASA received FY2006 funds on March 30, 2007 to begin
implementing its work plan and EPA is in the process of negotiating
a new agreement. EPA has indicated that it does intend to begin
expending FY2006 funds until August/September 2007. EPA and NASA
are soliciting funds for FY2007 under separate requests. The
Regional Watershed mechanism is in the last phases of contract
negotiation and should begin implementation in June 2007.
70) Post thanks those involved in the inter agency process for the
opportunity to provide input into the environment and labor
agreements. Regional buy-in to the process is of vital importance,
and we believe the programs outlined will provide the maximum
benefit and compliance with the CAFTA-DR agreement. We understand
that the interagency group is working to obligate the funding for FY
2007 as equitably and as rapidly as possible. Post hopes that
future project requests will provide as much time as possible to
work with the CAFTA-DR governments, business and NGO communities to
develop these project ideas. We also wish to ensure that projects
have the ability to access follow-on funding in future years to make
sure that commitments negotiated within CAFTA-DR are complied with.
Overall compliance with the letter and the spirit of the FTA are our
goals, and some projects will require a several year commitment to
see them through to their conclusion. We hope to have the backing
of the interagency group to make these programs a success. End
Comment.
Glazer
[lb1]Where do we show the sub-elements?
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
FOR OES/ENV RACHEL KASTENBERG AND BOB WING
WHA/EPSC JUN BANDO
USAID/LAC/RSD JOHN GARRISON
USTR ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MARA M. BURR
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EAID SENV ETRD CAFTA ELAB ES
SUBJECT: REGIONAL PRIORITIES FOR ENVIRONMENT PROJECTS THAT SUPPORT
CAFTA-DR IMPLEMENTATION
REF: STATE 37718
1) Summary: As requested in reftel, this cable contains Post
priorities for CAFTA-DR regional environment activities for FY 2007.
The proposals described here build upon priorities presented by
Trade and Environment representatives the week of March 21 to 23 at
the meeting convened by State/OES and State/WHA. In addition to the
country delegations, representatives from USAID/Guatemala,
USAID/Dominican Republic, USAID/Honduras, UQID/El Salvador, US
Embassy/Costa Rica, US Embassy/El Salvador and USAID/Washington.
The proposals presented here build upon work already started using
FY2006 CAFTA funding and identify areas where additional support
will be needed from specific US government agencies, who will be
presenting their proposals under separate cover for funding to
complement these activities.
For regional CAFTA-DR environmental activities, Post is presenting
three proposals:
- Institutional Strengthening for Effective Implementation and
Enforcement of Environmental Laws and Multilateral Agreements: $3.1
Million.
- Improved Private-Sector Environmental Performance and Access to
Financing: $1.85 Million.
- Improved Management of Regional Watersheds: $ 1.6 Million.
End Summary.
Introduction
--------------
2) Nearly 18 months ago, Post began a consultative process to
identify key labor and environment trade capacity needs in the
region for FY 2006 and beyond. This process, consisting of
consultations with Government colleagues, regional integration
institutions, and the private sector, identified several priority
needs. These needs mirror the priorities in the CAFTA-DR
Environment Cooperation Agreement (ECA) and are presented in order
of priority as identified by the countries.
3) With USG support, regional environmental integration and
cooperation in Central America has been developing for more than 15
years. Regional integration is a means for a more rational use of
natural resources and a better quality of life for Central
Americans. Through a formal agreement with the Secretariat for
Central America Integration (SICA),USAID's regional mission in El
Salvador (E-CAM) manages a regional portfolio of trade, labor and
environment activities. The Comision Centroamericana para Ambiente
y Desarrollo (CCAD),an organization created under SICA, is mandated
by the Central American governments to conduct regional
environmental activities.
4) E-CAM has established a core management team of high-level
professionals within CCAD, who will coordinate and implement the
assistance outlined in these proposals. For FY 2006 funds, several
Central American countries (Guatemala, Nicaragua and El Salvador)
recognized the expertise within E-CAM and CCAD and requested that
their bilateral activities be incorporated into the E-CAM portfolio.
They may continue to do so in the future.
5) The proposals presented here represent a consensus view of the
Central American governments of key regional projects necessary to
help them meet the requirements of the CAFTA-DR environment
provisions.
I. Institutional Strengthening for Effective Implementation and
Enforcement of Environmental Laws and Multilateral Agreements
-------------- --------------
6) PURPOSE: This activity will strengthen the ability of El
Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and the
Dominican Republic to develop sound environmental regulations and
policies and effectively enforce existing environmental legislation.
This also meets the number one priority identified by the parties
in the ECA work plan and continued to be a stated priority at the
March 2007 meeting with the CAFTA-DR focal points. It is a
recognized priority in the CAFTA-DR agreement (chapter and verse),
and is clearly a priority of Congress.
7) DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION: While the challenge of meeting the
obligations of CAFTA-DR and other agreements falls primarily on the
national governments of each country, a regional approach is
essential to harmonize implementation across borders. Current
environmental laws throughout the region need to be harmonized to
reduce trade barriers brought about by differing standards and
systems. Environmental law enforcement within the CAFTA-DR
countries is weak because existing institutions have limited human
and financial resources and many lack the necessary authority to
enforce laws. Existing legal frameworks often lack the implementing
regulations and procedures, hindering implementation. USAID will
work with EPA and relevant government ministries by using the CCAD
regional environment platform. This approach will build continuity
through changes in governments, build on positive experiences in
countries to date, and offer economies of scale managing similar
initiatives by the same team of experts in an efficient and
cost-effective manner.
8) Compliance with Multilateral Environment Agreements (MEA's) is
also low due to limited resources and lack of trained personnel.
One of the major risks posed by the establishment of common borders
under CAFTA-DR is the unregulated transport of endangered species
and hazardous chemicals. This activity will ensure that countries
have the tools and systems to meet their obligations under CITES,
UNFCC, and the Montreal Protocol. The US Government has encouraged
the region to speak as one vote in MEA matters. Through CCAD, USAID
will coordinate different donors and players working on these issues
to ensure a more strategic response to problems at hand.
9) The ultimate goal of the program is that CAFTA-DR countries will
have the tools necessary to promote environmental compliance and
enforce environmental legislation.
10) EXPECTED RESULTS:
- At least 50 government officials/trainers trained in each country
on how to use relevant environmental management principles and
tools, including the use of regulatory and administrative
incentives.
- An internal assessment and plan on how to more efficiently use
budgetary resources for environmental management is completed by
each government.
- Six environmental regulations or administrative procedures are
developed each year of the activity.
- A regional system for certifying environmental auditors, quality
labs and service providers is developed.
- National environmental officials in the CAFTA-DR countries have
the capacity to review Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs),
design and implement new policies and procedures, and to clearly
define relationships between various levels of government for
analysis, involvement and follow up in the EIA process.
- Increased access to sound environmental data for decision-makers
through Regional Visualization and Monitoring System (SERVIR)
expansion.
- Increased air quality monitoring stations in each country. Air
quality index approach for air quality forecasting applied
regionally.
- Build national capacity to respond to citizen complaints.
- Intra-governmental mechanisms for effective enforcement of at
least three key international environmental agreements are
established and working.
- At least six customs experts will have developed the skills to
provide training to fellow customs officers on MEA enforcement
giving customs officials a better understanding of their role in
enforcing environmental laws, including international agreements and
domestic implementing legislation.
- CAFTA-DR countries will improve their performance in meeting
CITES obligations through harmonized procedures and regulations.
Police and customs officers will have basic awareness and knowledge
of CITES. Scientific and Management Authorities will have
sufficient capacity to document population status to meet CITES
obligations and update regional lists, leading to better regulation
of endangered flora and fauna.
- Improved management of trans-boundary movement of hazardous
chemicals.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES:
Technical assistance to governments to develop harmonized
environmental regulations and implement procedures and policies that
provide clear guidance to business and level the playing field for
trade.
11) Eliminate law enforcement gaps. ($350,000) This activity will
help Governments develop the needed regional framework environmental
legislation to fill existing legal gaps. Work will focus on
priority sectors as defined by the CAFTA-DR Trade Ministries.
USAID/E-CAM, working through CCAD and EPA, will develop enforcement
procedures such as investigating and gathering of evidence, building
a case, to determining how to prosecute, and presenting that case
and evidence effectively to a judicial body. Result: Six
environmental regulations or administrative procedures are developed
each year of the activity.
Technical Assistance to Environmental Ministries and enforcement
agencies to Qprove implementation of environmental laws.
12) Enforcement Training and Improved Procedures. ($650,000) This
activity will institutionalize training programs to strengthen the
capacity of authorities (judges, prosecutors, and inspectors) toQnsistently apply existing environmental protection procedures.
USAID/E-CAM through CCAD, will strengthen the capacity of CAFTA-DR
countries to identify and effectively prosecute environmental
crimes. While EPA and CCAD have worked to build local capacity for
enforcement training, there is a need to institutionalize this
training through different venues, such as universities or ministry
training centers. USAID/E-CAM will also work to promote clerkships
with university environmental law programs, continue to develop and
improve judicial training material and educate the press on the
workings of the judicial system in environmental matters.
13) Environmental Budgets. ($240,000) USAID/E-CAM will work with
SICA, SIECA and CCAD, to help CAFTA-DR countries harmonize
regulations and procedures that allow ministries and municipalities
to use licensing, concession, and other use fees for management of
natural resources and funding of environmental law enforcement. We
will also develop a regional strategy to create or use financial and
economic incentives to contribute to environmental protection in
productive sectors. Results: At least 50 government
officials/trainers trained in each country on how to use relevant
environmental management principles and tools, including the use of
regulatory and administrative incentives. An internal assessment
and plan on how to more efficiently use budgetary resources for
environmental management is completed by each government.
Technical Assistance to promote the adoption of environmental
responsibility, audits, and EMS programs ($350,000)
14) Environmental Management Systems (EMS) was identified as a
priority by all CAFTA-DR countries at the March 2007 meeting in El
Salvador. USAID/E-CAM, working with CCAD and EPA, will assist key
environment quality labs to attain international accreditation on
EMS, as well as the certification and registration of environmental
auditors and other environmental service providers, ensuring they
are held to common standards throughout the region. CCAD, with
technical assistance from EPA will train authorities in relevant
environmental management principles and tools, including the use of
regulatory and administrative incentives (such as public-private
partnerships and flexible voluntary mechanisms). Result: A regional
system for certifying environmental auditors, quality labs and
service providers is developed.
Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Review (Permitting
Decision-Making) ($240,000)
15) The strengthening of the Environment Impact Assessment process
was identified as a priority by all CAFTA-DR countries at the March
2007 meeting in El Salvador. It is anticipated that EPA will
receive funds to carry out this activity and that some of those
funds will need to be funneled to CCAD through the grant agreement
E-CAM has with that entity. They will strengthen the EIA process in
CAFTA-DR countries, particularly national review criteria, systems,
procedures and monitoring process. Result: National and local
environmental officials in the CAFTA-DR countries have the capacity
to review EIA's, design and implement new policies and procedures,
and to clearly define relationships between various levels of
government for analysis, involvement and follow up in the EIA
process.
Environmental Monitoring for Informed Decision-Making ($350,000)
16) Access to sound environmental data is essential to support
science-based decision-making, a key to ensuring objective rules,
avoiding arbitrary decision-making, and enabling an informed public
to participate meaningfully in democratic decision-making processes.
Additional resources are needed to further expand the geographic
coverage of the Regional Visualization and Monitoring System
(SERVIR) and Mesoamerican Environmental Information System (SIAM)
and integrate into both systems more disparate environmental
information and data working in partnership with EPA, NASA and
GEOSS, universities and national governments. It is anticipated
that NASA will receive funds to carry out this activity and that
some of those funds will need to be funneled to CCAD through the
grant agreement E-CAM has with that entity. Result: Increased
access to sound environmental data for decision-makers through
SERVIR expansion.
Air Quality Management: Emissions Inventories ($150,000)
17) EPA will continue to work with CCAD and CAFTA-DR countries to
implement the regional policy and national strategies for air
quality management. It is anticipated that EPA will receive funds
to carry out this activity and that some of those funds will need to
be funneled to CCAD through the grant agreement E-CAM has with that
entity. Results: Increased air quality monitoring stations in each
country. Air quality index approach for air quality forecasting
applied regionally.
Technical Assistance to comply with CAFTA-DR environmental
requirements including support for Public Complaints Units and the
Civil Society Outreach Unit to promote awareness of environmental
provisions of CAFTA-DR and the ECA. ($400,000)
18) Strengthen Environmental Units. Building on procedures
established by the ECA for the regional Environmental Claims
Secretariat, CCAD will assist national claims units to develop
SIPDIS
consistent procedures to resolve environmental claims. Continue to
support the implementation of the Environmental Chapter of the
CAFTA-DR and the ECA and strengthen the national and regional
offices involved in the application of CAFTA-DR, the Environmental
Affairs Council and the ECA's Environmental Cooperation Commission.
Result: Build national capacity to respond to citizen complaints.
19) Regional Environmental Information. CCAD will help strengthen
mechanisms for public complaints and communications and increase
public understanding of the CAFTA-DR and ECA environment provisions,
specifically the procedures of the Environment Secretariat in SIECA.
Support will include expanding e-government applications and access
to environmental information. Result: Build national capacity to
respond to citizen complaints.
20) Strengthening and Coordination between Ministries and
Institutions. CCAD will continue to support the participation and
coordination of high-ranked functionaries from the Environment and
Economy/Commerce Ministries from CAFTA-DR on important trade and
environment issues and in the compliance with the provisions of
CAFTA-DR. USAID also proposes to expand inter-ministerial
communications through the creation of a new SICA working group with
representatives from the Fisheries and Environment Ministries.
Result: Build national capacity to respond to citizen complaints.
Expand country compliance with Multilateral Environmental Agreements
(MEA's) including CITES
21) Regional Mechanisms for Effective Enforcement of MEAs.
($135,000). MEA implementation is hindered by missing procedures.
A set of procedural road maps will be developed and tailored to meet
each country's specific legislative conditions. USAID will help
strengthen the registration and procedures for the sound management
and trans-boundary movement of pesticides, hazardous materials,
substances and wastes, including procedures for Prior Informed
Consent. Regional norms will be developed in some specific
instances (such as chemical importation and use),where they are
lacking. Informational materials will be prepared regarding waste,
toxic chemicals, endangered species and biodiversity, and
ozone-depleting substances. Linkages at the national level between
key enforcement stakeholders, customs officers, customs training
institutes, national focal points for MEA's, judges, and prosecutors
will be strengthened. Result: Intra-governmental mechanisms for
effective enforcement of at least three key international
environmental agreements are established and working.
22) CAFTA-DR countries will improve their performance in meeting
CITES obligations through harmonized procedures and regulations.
Result: Scientific and Management Authorities will have sufficient
capacity to document population status to meet CITES obligations and
updated regional lists, allowing better regulation of endangered
flora and fauna, will be available. The initiative will also
improve management of trans-boundary movement of hazardous
chemicals.
23) Build capacity for effective MEA enforcement. ($235,000). Law
enforcement officers (customs, police, judges) lack the tools and
knowledge to effectively enforce existing legislation related to
MEA's. An assessment will be conducted to determine which CITES
species should be targeted for intervention, based on their
importance to trade (this analysis has not been done yet). There
are also multiple players providing MEA capacity building. CCAD
will help coordinate regional capacity building through its various
MEA working groups and regional forums to ensure that training is
effective and not duplicative. Result: At least six customs
experts will have developed the skills to provide training to fellow
customs officers on MEA enforcement giving customs officials a
better understanding of their role in enforcing environmental laws,
including international agreements and domestic implementing
legislation.
24) U.S. POLICY OBJECTIVES. As signatories to CAFTA-DR,
participating countries are required to improve and effectively
enforce their existing environmental laws. The ECA work plan
identifies environmental law enforcement as a priority under section
1.1 "Strengthening Environmental Law Compliance and Enforcement
Systems: Support the strengthening of national systems for effective
enforcement of Parties' environmental legislation, including
administrative and judicial procedures." It is a key USG policy
goal that this commitment be met.
25) Furthermore, as signatories to CAFTA-DR, participating countries
are required to implement and improve compliance with multilateral
agreements to which they are all party. This project will address
three activities identified in the ECA work plan as follows:
26) Activity 1.3.1. Strengthen capacity for national implementation
of CITES, RAMSAR, the Montreal Protocol and other relevant MEA's to
which we are all Party, including by disseminating procedures for
their implementation and undertaking public awareness campaigns.
27) Activity 1.3.2. Provide training and capacity building to
Scientific and Management Authorities, Customs authorities and
national police to enhance implementation of CITES.
28) Activity 1.3.3. Develop programs and projects to provide
economic instruments to protect wildlife at the regional and
national levels.
29) Activity 1.3.4. Strengthen the enforcement of restrictions on
trade in ozone depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol and
the development of innovative mechanism for encouraging cross
boundary engagement in reducing the use of such substances.
30) This project fits under Economic Growth Objective, Environment
Program Area. It meets the requirements under the Natural Resources
and Biodiversity and Clean Productive Environment Elements of the
Joint State/USAID Framework. [lb1]
31) NEW/PREVIOUS WORK. USAID has built a strong foundation for
policy work throughout the region, working in close collaboration
with bilateral and regional organizations including CCAD, local and
international NGO's, USG agencies (DOI, EPA, USDA, NOAA, DOC, NASA)
and other organizations. Thanks to USAID's early work with EPA and
CCAD, a framework document to develop effective environmental laws
and regulations was developed and served as the base for creating
most of the Environment Ministries in the region. Successes include
the framework regulation for wastewater, a regional manual for
environmental inspections, and the harmonized administrative
procedures for sanctions for environmental crimes. Using FY 2006
funds CCAD has been working closely with EPA specialists to provide
training on law enforcement in the Dominican Republic. Regional
coordination meetings with judicial authorities, customs officials,
and other key entities have addressed how regional training will be
provided to customs officials and border authorities on CITES, as
well as how bi-national guidelines will be applied. The countries
have also met and begun to individually implement the regional
policy for clean production developed last year and begun to develop
model voluntary agreements in key sectors for the region. These
trade capacity building activities will enable the countries to take
advantage of new trade and investment opportunities and businesses
to become more competitive, without loosing sight of existing
environmental legislation.
32) USAID has built a strong foundation for policy work throughout
the region, working in close collaboration with the Central American
Governments through CCAD. USAID has worked with CCAD and EPA to
promote knowledge of relevant MEA's and harmonization of regulations
and procedures. In collaboration with EPA and NASA, USAID is
helping countries meet the United National Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) requirements to produce a report on their
greenhouse gas emissions through the development of tools and
improvements in data quality. Activities planned here complement
the UNDP GEF activities on climate change, the World Bank efforts on
payments for environmental services, and the Spanish Cooperation's
biodiversity conservation work. Through CCAD, USAID is cooperating
with GTZ's air quality project, JICA's solid waste management
activities and IUCN's Environmental Impact project. The Danes just
started a project to strengthen the capacity of SICA as a regional
integration body.
33) The experience these actors have gained working in the region
will allow us to quickly target assistance to fill legislative gaps
and address enforcement priorities in each country.
34) ESTIMATED COST. $3.1 Million. This funding is requested for
regional activities only. Bilateral requests will come from
bilateral missions and the U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica. Matching
funds will be provided from national governments through CCAD. The
amount includes 6% for program management.
35) LOCAL BUY IN. Local authorities identified "Strengthening each
Party's environmental management systems, including strengthening
institutional and legal frameworks" as the first priority in the
Cooperative Work Program. The Cooperative Work Program was
formulated through interagency coordination among the Ministries of
Environment and Trade of each of the countries in the region and
based upon joint and consensual decisions. On the ground activities
will be developed regionally or nationally, depending on local
capacity.
36) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY. This project would provide a venue to
increase the visibility of USG efforts to conserve/maintain the
environment in Central America and the Dominican Republic.
II. Improved Private-Sector Environmental Performance and Access to
Financing
-------------- --------------
37) PURPOSE: This activity will improve the private sector's
environmental performance and competitiveness by providing flexible
incentives for them to adopt clean production technologies in their
production processes. USAID will spearhead public-private
partnerships that leverage private sector resources to achieve
voluntary compliance with national environmental laws.
38) DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION: Contamination from industry
poses a serious risk to the region's ability to comply with
CAFTA-DR. The private sector plays an influential role in
determining whether governments develop and implement legislation
that addresses environmental hazards. The implementation of
voluntary mechanisms to enhance environmental performance will bring
together the private sector and Government as partners to reduce
contamination. This program will create public private
partnerships that will encourage voluntary compliance with
environmental legislation. It will enlist the private sector in
making investments that both improve environmental performance yet
also have a direct impact on firm competitiveness by reducing costs.
39) EXPECTED RESULTS:
- Net reduction in energy consumption and expenditures.
- Net reduction in waste water generation from production processes
and improved solid waste management through the more efficient use
of inputs.
- Public employees and private sector businesses more knowledgeable
about best practices that will improve environmental performance.
- Net savings in firm production costs due to more efficient
processes.
Specific Activities:
--------------
Improved Private-Sector Environmental Performance
40) Develop public-private partnerships. ($600,000) Regional
public-private partnerships and alliances are being promoted at the
national level with private sector companies and NGOs to facilitate
the transfer and adoption of cleaner production technologies. USAID
will also work with governments to promote voluntary and flexible
mechanisms to encourage public/private partnerships to improve
environmental protection, promote pollution prevention, and help
green supply chains. USAID will also support the development of
market incentives and economic incentives for environmental
management.
41) Promote clean production best practices and cooperation.
($550,000) USAID will promote clean production schemes in
productive processes, applying best practices to improve efficiency
in the use of raw materials and inputs. USAID will promote
incentives by creating a program to recognize private sector success
and performance through national environmental innovation awards, in
cooperation with other donors. These clean production and energy
efficiency activities are part of a broader strategy through 2010.
Additional FY07 funds are needed to continue working regionally to
promote a more uniform approach to implementing cleaner production
policies and practices and avoid duplicity of efforts at the
national level. Funding will be directed towards regional cleaner
production training in priority economic sectors. Funding will also
help expand the regional Environmental Innovation Prize for Clean
Production and improve its visibility.
42) Regional Clean Production Information Center. ($250,000)
Funding is needed to help get the Regional Cleaner Production
Information Center fully staffed and operational. The Center will
not only provide information but it will also help to strengthen
national cleaner production centers and promote greater coordination
across countries and donors. The Center will also help facilitate
cooperation with between Central American, U.S. and other Latin
American cleaner production centers.
43) Clean Production Exchanges. ($150,000) Funding will also be
used to help send representatives from CAFTA-DR countries to this
year's Bi-Annual Environmental Performance Track regional meeting in
the U.S. which brings together officials from EPA's regional
offices, as well as state and local governments to discuss
environmental compliance and cleaner production issues. Such a
visit by officials from El Salvador in 2005 was instrumental in
helping the country launch its cleaner production program and
initiate partnerships with the private sector. Funds would also be
used to help facilitate follow-on visits to the region and
cooperation from US cleaner production centers and State and
municipal cleaner production and compliance assistance programs.
44) Mobilizing financing for cleaner production and clean energy
development. ($300,000) One of the biggest limitations businesses
face is the lack of capital available in the region to make clean
production improvements. The clean production Development Credit
Authority establishes a non-traditional line of credit for private
sector companies in the region interested in making clean production
improvements. The Development Credit Authority reduces the risk
banks face by providing partial loan guarantees. USAID is seeking
funding for CCAD to continue to promote the DCA and other clean
production and energy efficiency finance mechanisms throughout the
region.
45) U.S. POLICY OBJECTIVES. The Governments in the region recognize
that incentives and other flexible and voluntary mechanisms can
contribute to the achievement and maintenance of environmental
protection. The Cooperative Work Program stresses under Article
1.1.8 the need to strengthen the private sector's ability to comply
with environmental legislation. U.S. policy interests are best
served by a cooperative effort between the private sector and
government.
46) NEW/PREVIOUS WORK. USAID has already established a regional
clean production Development Credit Authority (scheduled to end in
2010) and funds a clean production expert at CCAD who works with the
Clean Production Centers in each country (many of them funded by
USAID bilateral programs) to encourage private sector businesses to
make clean production improvements. The clean production
Development Credit Authority provides a partial loan guarantee to
banks to encourage loans in clean production. USAID El Salvador
recently started a clean production activity with the World
Environment Center, to promote private sector-led clean production
in El Salvador. This activity will complement efforts by providing
funding to disseminate best practices and develop public private
partnerships so that government authorities, clean production
centers, banks and the private sector work in harmony to promote
voluntary compliance with existing environmental laws. Model
voluntary agreements between the private sector and the government
will be developed for use throughout the region. The Regional Clean
Production Center network is being strengthened and the Regional
Clean Production node in Nicaragua will provide information
regarding new clean production technologies.
47) ESTIMATED COST. $1,850,000 in DA or ESF for 2007. Amount
includes 6% management costs.
48) LOCAL BUY-IN. Chapter 17 of CAFTA-DR (Article 17.4) establishes
the need for flexible voluntary mechanisms to improve environmental
performance and environmental cooperation to facilitate the
development and transfer of appropriate technologies. Demand for
clean production technologies is increasing throughout the region as
increased energy costs make businesses less competitive in global
markets. We expect to leverage at least $1 million from the private
sector through a public private partnership.
49) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY. This activity provides public visibility
through the Environmental Innovation Prize for Clean Production. As
Environment Ministries have enthusiastically embraced clean
production as a way of addressing the twin goals of reduced
pollution and increased competitiveness, USG public diplomacy
efforts can highlight these "win-win" solutions.
III. Creating Incentives for Improved Management of Critical
Biodiversity-rich Watersheds
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50) PURPOSE: This activity will enhance market incentives for
improved natural resource management in El Salvador, Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua and build the basis for
sustainable financing in three watersheds of high biodiversity
importance.
51) DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION: Central America has exceptional
biodiversity that needs to be conserved for both its current
economic value and potential future value. The future growth of the
region depends on the health of its natural resource base. For
example, sustainable flows of income from tourism and the
availability of clean water supplies are both directly related to
environmental health. However, there are insufficient financial
resources to fully fund and implement protected area and watershed
management plans. Governments rarely allocate adequate funds for
the environment during the budget process and current policies
rarely allow for significant generation and retention of fees for
management at the local level. There are few incentives for local
producers to manage their natural resource base themselves.
Recognizing the potential of tourism and non-traditional
agricultural and forestry products, this activity will help build
market-based incentives for improved natural resource management.
52) Expected Results:
- Improve visitor infrastructure at 10 target sites.
- Reduce environmental infractions by the tourism sector.
- Reduce resource degradation by six communities within and near
protected areas.
- Increased trade of sustainably produced environmental goods and
services.
- Increase the level of sustainable financing available for resource
management.
- Increase the level of sustainable financing made available for
resource management through "payment for environmental services."
SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES:
53) Improvement of tourism infrastructure. Visitor infrastructure,
such as trails, observation towers, and information centers, will be
improved at priority sites identified by Tourism and Environment
Ministries. Guides, and other service providers, such as hotel
staff, and transportation providers, will be trained in best
practices.
54) Increased options for sustainable income generation. Many rural
residents have few income generation options, a pattern that
encourages adoption of environmentally destructive agricultural
practices. USAID will build on its experience in identifying and
promoting alternative livelihoods for communities near protected
areas. Community members will be provided specialized technical
assistance and vocational training. Where possible, assistance will
be provided in establishing market access for natural products from
communities living near protected areas.
55) Helping governments remove barriers that keep funds from
reaching protected areas. The activity will address policy
constraints that prevent funds from getting to where they are needed
for improved management. It will also address capacity limitations
that prevent local residents from identifying, producing and trading
in environmental goods and services.
56) "Payment for Environmental Services" as a concept for improved
management will be promoted with selected local and national
governments, building on the existing experience at sites in Costa
Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala. Payments for Environmental
Services will be implemented at selected target sites.
Environmental payment service systems will be reviewed by experts,
and their findings will be discussed at public meetings. Findings
of evaluations will be provided to NGOs, the general public, as well
as national and local government.
57) U.S. POLICY OBJECTIVES: This activity directly addresses
priorities established by the signatories of CAFTA-DR in the ECA
work plan that highlights the need for sustainable financing for
natural resource management. Specifically, it addresses ECA work
plan activities that include:
58) Activity 3.2.1. Improve visitor infrastructure and services to
increase tourism while better protecting the resources.
59) Activity 3.2.2. Promote alternative livelihoods based on
sustainable resource use for communities within and near protected
areas.
60) Activity 3.3.1. Promote activities directed towards
strengthening the capacity of the Region to identify, produce and
trade in environmental goods and services.
61) Activity 3.3.2. Promote and implement market schemes for
environmental services.
62) Activity 3.3.3. Validate and promote at a regional level the use
of evaluation methodologies for environmental payment services
systems.
63) This project fits under Economic Growth Objective, Environment
Program Area. It meets the requirements under the Natural Resources
and Biodiversity Element of the Joint State/USAID Framework.
64) NEW/PREVIOUS WORK: USAID has experience working on tourism,
payments for environmental services, and certification of
environmental goods in the region. USAID has worked in close
collaboration with the Central American governments through CCAD.
Some examples include the development of a tri-national ecotourism
route in the Gulf of Honduras and the development of public use
plans for protected areas. In the agriculture sector, USAID support
for sustainably produced gourmet coffee led to the sale of 6.6
million pounds of certified organic coffee and over 237,000 tons of
certified environmentally friendly bananas. In addition, over
60,000 cubic meters of certified timber products were sold. In this
activity, USAID will build upon this foundation and work on these
issues through local organizations. Activities complement the World
Bank efforts on payments for environmental services and the
Interamerican Development Bank work on tourism.
65) ESTIMATED COST: USAID received $600,000 in FY06 funds, which
will be issued as grants to local organizations this year. USAID
requests an additional $1,600,000 for FY07.
66) LOCAL BUY-IN: During the March 07 meeting, countries endorsed
continuing work in trans-boundary watersheds. In addition to work
in the Gulf of Honduras and La Amistad/Cahuita, the countries
requested additional support to work in the San Juan Watershed
(between Guatemala and El Salvador) and Trifinio (Guatemala, El
Salvador, and Honduras). USAID recommends DOI consider this request
when drafting their proposal.
67) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY STRATEGY: The activities described here
represent some of the most visible and valued USG investments in the
region. By directly working with communities around protected
areas, USAID can positively influence the livelihoods of thousands
of individuals and demonstrate that free-trade agreements,
environmental progress and income growth for the poor are not
incompatible. In the past, the public diplomacy opportunities of
such programs have proven to be enormous.
Comment:
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68) REGIONAL PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: Through March 30, 2007 CCAD had
accrued $1 million in total expenditures. ($550,000 in Regional
funds, $100,000 in Nicaragua funds and $100,000 in El Salvador funds
and $200,000 in Guatemala bilateral funds). During the first three
months of this year, CCAD doubled expenditures each month. This
trend is expected to continue over the next six months as
implementation is ramped up in response to the approval of the
workplans in November 2006.
69) NASA received FY2006 funds on March 30, 2007 to begin
implementing its work plan and EPA is in the process of negotiating
a new agreement. EPA has indicated that it does intend to begin
expending FY2006 funds until August/September 2007. EPA and NASA
are soliciting funds for FY2007 under separate requests. The
Regional Watershed mechanism is in the last phases of contract
negotiation and should begin implementation in June 2007.
70) Post thanks those involved in the inter agency process for the
opportunity to provide input into the environment and labor
agreements. Regional buy-in to the process is of vital importance,
and we believe the programs outlined will provide the maximum
benefit and compliance with the CAFTA-DR agreement. We understand
that the interagency group is working to obligate the funding for FY
2007 as equitably and as rapidly as possible. Post hopes that
future project requests will provide as much time as possible to
work with the CAFTA-DR governments, business and NGO communities to
develop these project ideas. We also wish to ensure that projects
have the ability to access follow-on funding in future years to make
sure that commitments negotiated within CAFTA-DR are complied with.
Overall compliance with the letter and the spirit of the FTA are our
goals, and some projects will require a several year commitment to
see them through to their conclusion. We hope to have the backing
of the interagency group to make these programs a success. End
Comment.
Glazer
[lb1]Where do we show the sub-elements?