SEVENTH ANNUAL TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT: YEMEN

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 08 SANAA 000341

SIPDIS

SENSITIVE
SIPDIS

G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, NEA/RA, USAID

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ASEC ELAB KCRM KFRD KWMN PHUM PREF SMIG
SUBJECT: SEVENTH ANNUAL TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT: YEMEN

REF: A. A: STATE 00202745

B. B: SANAA 00516


1. This message is post's response to ref A.


2. Note: Post requests that no/no name or entity cited in
this report be publicly mentioned or quoted for any/any
reason without prior clearance with post. Post relies
heavily on these sources and has invested much time gaining
their confidence. Each one of them has noted separately that
they would speak on this issue only after post assured them
that their names and/or entity would be protected. End Note.


3. Point of contact for TIP-related issues:
Pol/Econ: Hala Rharrit
Email: RharritH@state.gov
Office: 967-755-2398


4. Abbreviations used throughout this cable:

Attorney General's Office AG
Arab Foundation for Supporting Women and Juveniles AFSWJ
Force Protection Detachment FPD
The Higher Council for Motherhood & Childhood HCMC
International Organization of Migration IOM
Ministry of:
Foreign Affairs MFA
Human Rights MHR
Interior MOI
Justice MOJ
Labor and Social Affairs MLSA
Republic of Yemen Government ROYG
Trafficking in Persons TIP
United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF
Women Foundation for Research and Training WFRT


5. Begin report text:

--------------
Overview of TIP in Yemen
--------------


A. Yemen is a country of origin for internationally
trafficked children and there are isolated and
unsubstantiated reports that it is a country of destination
and origin for sex trafficking of foreign women into Yemen
and Yemeni women to Saudi Arabia, respectively. Trafficked
Yemeni children are smuggled over the northern border into
Saudi Arabia to work primarily as beggars. A small number of
foreign and Yemeni women may be the victims of trafficking
for the purpose of prostitution. No reliable estimate on the
scope of these problems exist. More information is
available, however, on child trafficking.

Trafficked Yemeni children are usually transported across the
border to Saudi Arabia by smugglers known or related to their
families, and usually with their parents' consent. UNICEF
estimates that 97 percent of trafficked children are boys.
Trafficked children range in age from 7-16, with the majority
being between 12-14 years old.

The number of possible TIP victims in Yemen currently cannot
be estimated with any accuracy. Yemen has poor government
infrastructure and little ability to collect and maintain
reliable statistics. According to the UNICEF representative
in Yemen, it is impossible to account for the number of Yemen
child victims of trafficking, or to distinguish them from
children migrating to Saudi Arabia with their families for
economic reasons.

Available sources on trafficking in persons in Yemen are:
UNICEF, the AG's Office, MHR, MOI, MLSA, NGOs, and local
journalists, members of the foreign refugee community, and
prostitutes.


B. Yemen is a country of origin for children trafficked to
Saudi Arabia. The sources of child trafficking in Yemen are
the poor northern regions of the country, particularly in the
governorates of Hajja and al-Mahweet, close to the Saudi
Arabian border. Yemeni children are trafficked to Saudi
Arabia primarily for the purpose of unskilled labor, begging

SANAA 00000341 002 OF 008


or street vending. The traffickers are almost always well
known by, if not related to, the family; children are usually
trafficked with parental consent. Parents are either paid or
promised money in exchange for allowing their children to be
trafficked.

There are foreign prostitutes in Yemen, particularly from
other Arab countries, located primarily in the southern port
city of Aden and in Sanaa. Other prostitutes come to Yemen
as economic migrants from East Africa, most specifically from
Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. There have been reports of
Eastern European women in Aden. Most recent unconfirmed
estimates place the number of prostitutes in the country in
the high hundreds during most of the year.

The evidence suggests that the overwhelming majority of
prostitutes over the age of majority are not/not victims of
trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Isolated
and uncorroborated reports further suggest that, if they
exist, the number of women subject to sexual trafficking or
debt-bondage situations would be small and most likely
present in Sanaa.

Before reaching this conclusion, post conducted interviews
with officials from the MOI, MHR, a senior editor of
"Al-Wasat" Newspaper, and several NGO heads, including the
head of the AFSWJ. Post also informally interviewed
approximately 20 prostitutes and/or belly dancers and three
unnamed pimps. Interviews occurred throughout the year and
involved embassy personnel from the political/economic
section and the U.S. military's Force Protection Detachment
(FPD). Research for sex-trafficking was conducted most
heavily by FPD and poloff was able to ascertain much of the
information from Aden due to FPD's site visits. Interviews
provided consistent assertions, which were heavily weighed
against possible alternatives.

Interviews with our sources, including local prostitutes and
NGOs, indicate that the overwhelming majority of women are
here of their own volition and that most prostitutes
acclimate each other to prostitution and act as each other's
support system. Interviews also indicate that women choose
different vehicles to provide sexual services, including
employing a pimp. There is no evidence to indicate that men
who act as pimps use force, threat or coercion against the
prostitutes. Many prostitutes also indicated that they
returned to their home countries intermittently throughout
the year.

There are allegations that women under the age of consent are
trafficked -- per definitions specified in Trafficking
Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and the UN Protocol on
Trafficking in Persons -- into and within the country. AFSWJ
confirms this allegation, noting that some of its clients are
in fact underage women coming out of prostitution. AFSWJ
notes, however, that they had no new under-aged clients in
2006, but one remained from previous years, who is currently
17 years of age. AFSWJ asserts that most women under the age
of legal consent are Yemeni nationals trafficked from their
homes to other regions within the country for the purposes of
prostitution.

During follow-up site visits to Aden in 2007, FPD ascertained
from Yemeni government contacts that two under-aged Yemeni
prostitutes were arrested, after running away from their
homes. The two girls were kept in juvenile detention for
approximately one to three months before being returned to
their families. The (female) pimp was arrested by
authorities as well, and sentenced to approximately three
months in jail. Post cannot determine the exact time of
these arrests, and FPD notes that the pimp may still be in
incarceration. Local contacts stated that cases of run-away
under-aged Yemeni girls are common. Girls, coming from all
areas of Yemen, run-away to escape an arranged marriage or
other form of family pressure. They flee to Aden, as it is
considered the most liberal city in Yemen. In Aden, they
find pimps to employ them or pimps find them, through their
vulnerabilities of being alone in a strange city.

In the past, AFSWJ has indicated that virtually all
prostitution may be organized and speculates that low-level

SANAA 00000341 003 OF 008


government and security officials operate or are complicit in
sex trafficking within the country. There are also
intermittent rumors of gangs running prostitution rings;
however. site visits and interviews produced no evidence to
support these allegations.

Smuggling of migrants from the Horn of Africa (HOA) is a
problem. Some of these women find employment as prostitutes.
There is no evidence that these migrants are trafficked for
the purpose of sexual exploitation.

No affirming evidence can be found on trafficking of Yemeni
women to Saudi Arabia for the purpose of sexual exploitation.
This is an extremely sensitive subject for Yemenis, more so
than foreign prostitution in Aden. Yemen as an origin
country for sex trafficking is not discussed nor recognized,
unlike the other forms of trafficking previously mentioned.
Poloff was able to conduct interviews with the senior editor
and founder of Al-Wasat (independent) newspaper, who related
that sex trafficking of Yemeni women to Saudi Arabia does
occur. He emphasized that this was not a generalized
"phenomenon," but rather a few individual cases. He
explained that during the 1990s, sex trafficking of Yemeni
women was a significant problem that subsided after
unification.

Senior officials recognize the need to address the problem of
child-labor oriented trafficking, although there is no
government-wide understanding of the issue. In 2006, several
ministries cooperated with UNICEF and the IOM to combat child
trafficking. The government has taken some practical steps,
but some confusion still remains as to the difference between
migrant smuggling and trafficking. MOI officials recognize
that trafficking exists and must be remedied, yet are still
sensitive to the idea. Government officials' willingness to
seriously combat sex trafficking is untested, although minor
arrests (see part B) show progress in combating TIP. There
is no credible evidence that ROYG officials are themselves
involved or complicit, yet it is unlikely that prostitution
could occur without some type of approval or monitoring from
the government.


C. The ROYG has limited resources to devote to TIP. Although
the ROYG continues to step up its TIP assessment efforts and
has implemented training of security forces, its ability to
prevent TIP, prosecute traffickers, and protect victims is
extremely limited due to limited resources, including
funding, skills, extreme poverty, low literacy, weak
institutions, and a porous 1400-kilometer border with Saudi
Arabia. The ROYG also lacks sufficient resources to
effectively protect TIP victims. Although there is a general
lack of education on TIP among ROYG officials and the Yemeni
population as a whole, there has been a considerable change
in the attitude towards this issue and acceptance of the
reality by many senior authorities. Officials at MOI, MLSA,
and MHR have expressed a willingness to partner with the
United States in programs to raise TIP awareness and educate
and train security and law enforcement officers, as well as
court officials.

Corruption is a serious problem in Yemen. In February 2006,
President Saleh formed a new cabinet, citing the need to
combat corruption throughout the government. The ROYG passed
legislation in December 2006 to create an independent
anti-corruption body, but it has not yet been fully
implemented. It is likely that corruption affects TIP, as it
does virtually every other issue, but there is no
substantial proof to support this link.


D. The government does not systematically monitor its
anti-trafficking efforts. The MOI receives internal reports
on illegal movement of children crossing the border but does
not systematically share these reports with other ministries
or international organizations. MLSA, MHR, and HCMC
regularly provide information on their prevention and
assistance efforts to international organizations. No formal
mechanism exists, however, by which to distribute information
or assess the effectiveness of anti-trafficking programs.
Despite this, there has been a significant increase in 2006
of media coverage on TIP-related issues, often with unnamed
government sources.

SANAA 00000341 004 OF 008



--------------
Prevention
--------------


A. TIP is still relatively new as an issue of public
discussion in Yemen. Ministers and officials at the MOI,
MSLA and MHR recognize that child trafficking is a problem in
Yemen, although the term "trafficking" causes sensitivities
and many officials habitually refer to child trafficking as
"smuggling." Not all ROYG officials recognize trafficking as
a distinct problem, with many directly attributing
trafficking to poverty and illiteracy. Sex-trafficking is
even less recognized and discussed. The MHR discussed with
poloff the predicament of Yemen as a destination country for
sex-trafficking, yet commented very little on it, as it did
not have much information gathered on the subject; its major
focus was child trafficking to Saudi Arabia. Yemen as a
country of origin for sex-trafficking was not discussed by
any ROYG officials.

When specific TIP-related problems are raised with the ROYG,
officials usually acknowledge the situation and often look
for practical solutions. For example, the ROYG has
consistently cooperated with UNICEF in establishing anti-TIP
measures and programs in the affected northern governorates.


B. ROYG agencies involved with anti-trafficking efforts
include: MHR, MOI (including immigration and border
control),MLSA, MFA, MOJ, and the AG's office. No agency has
been tasked to lead the anti-trafficking effort.


C. MLSA sponsors a limited TIP awareness campaign in
targeted northern areas to educate families and local leaders
on the dangers of child trafficking. In 2005, the ROYG
created a more comprehensive plan to raise public awareness
of the issue. The information campaign, created with the
assistance of UNICEF and IOM, distributed printed materials,
videos and radio messages to educate parents and local
leaders on the negative consequences of child trafficking.
This program was implemented in 2006.

A documentary video and an album of traditional songs were
produced. A cartoon series was produced tackling issues
related to child trafficking. Several other messages are
regularly broadcasted from radio Hajja and the TV program of
the MOI. According to UICEF, in 2006, 4000 children,
families, local concils, religious leaders, and teachers
have acqured a better understanding of TIP and are more
aare of the risks and consequences of child trafficing
through awareness campaigns.

With the supprt of UNICEF, the MHR established a telephone
holine for citizens to report suspected cases of
tafficking. The MHR also distributed information o the
hotline in the four regions where child traficking is most
prevalent - Hajja, Al-Maharah, Saada and Al-Mahweet. As of
January 2006, 102 susected cases of trafficking had been
reported thrugh the hotline. However, due to a lack of
techical capacity and cooperation from the Ministry of
Communications, the hotline is no longer operatioal. The
MHR expressed the need for this hotline and asked for any
technical assistance to have it re-launched.


D. The ROYG supports many programs that do not specifically
target TIP but aid in TIP prevention, such as government-wide
efforts to increase literacy among women, combat violence
against women, expand women's awareness of their legal rights
and increase the role of women in political life. The ROYG
also has an active program for combating child labor.


E. The MLSA, MHR and MOI actively cooperated with UNICEF and
IOM on a variety of anti-trafficking efforts. There are no
NGOs in Yemen that are focused solely on TIP issues. Post
believes that the ROYG would cooperate with NGOs to combat
TIP in Yemen because it has a record of working well with
NGOs on women's and children's issues, including: combating
violence against women, promoting women's rights, and
improving child labor regulations. There is a network of
organizations that works with women victims of violence and
prostitution.

SANAA 00000341 005 OF 008




F. Yemen is surrounded by ocean, rugged mountains and desert,
making its borders difficult to control. Smuggling and
illicit trade are common problems. The United States is
assisting the ROYG with border security control through the
Terrorist Interdiction Program and by providing equipment and
training assistance to the Yemen Coast Guard. Effective
border control remains nascent and the capacity of the ROYG
to monitor emigration and immigration patterns for
trafficking in persons is limited. In 2005, UNICEF provided
equipment and training to MOI officials to create a database
for information collected on child trafficking and smuggling,
which is still in use today. Government officials continue
to produce monthly reports on how many children are taken
into custody at border crossings for suspicion of being
illegal emigrants or trafficking victims.


G. HCMC, under the authority of the Council of Ministers,
coordinated government efforts against child trafficking
through the Technical Committee to Combat Child Smuggling,
which was formed February 2006. This committee brings
together members from all relevant government ministries.
There is no mechanism to survey the effectiveness of this
committee, and thus, the head of HCMC, Dr. Nafisa al-Jaifi,
expressed the need for capacity building in order to
establish such a mechanism. There is no equivalent committee
for sex-trafficking. The government does not have a single
point of contact for TIP-related issues. The government does
have a high-level committee to combat corruption.


H. The ROYG does not yet have a formal national plan of
action to address TIP. However, in partnership with IOM, the
national action plan was drafted by the technical committee
with the support of an international expert. A one day
national consultation workshop was conducted. One-hundred
and two representatives of related ministries at local and
national levels, local councils, NGOs, and parliamentarians
were consulted in the components of the plan. The draft will
be revised based on the recommendations of the consultation.

--------------
Investigation and Prosecution of Traffickers
--------------


A. There are no laws that specifically outlaw TIP. In 2005,
MOJ and the Higher Council for Motherhood and Childhood
completed a comprehensive review of all laws and regulations
pertaining to children. In 2006, HCMC, with MSAL, MOJ, MOI,
MHR, MLA, and concerned organizations drafted amendments to
current laws addressing child protection, and submitted them
to Parliament, which is currently discussing them. There are
laws that can be applied specifically to TIP. The laws fall
within the categories of personal status law, juvenile law,
law of crimes and punishment, child rights law, and the law
of military crimes and punishments. The amendments include
an addition to the crimes and punishment laws, with the title
of "child exploitation crimes." This entails various
punishment criteria on child smuggling, sexual exploitation
of children, and exploiting children for the purpose of
begging. Article 262 under child smuggling, for example,
stipulates, "any person who transports a child under 18 years
of age to another state with the purpose of illegal
exploitation shall be penalized with imprisonment not more
than five years and the punishment shall be a period of
imprisonment not more than seven years if the criminal uses
deception or coercion. If the act of transporting involves
sexual harassment or physical harm, the criminal will
penalized with an imprisonment period not less than three
years and not more than 10 years."

The current Article 248 of the Yemeni Penal Code stipulates a
prison sentence of 10 years for "anyone who buys, sells, or
gives as a present, or deals in human beings; and anyone who
brings into the country or exports from it a human being with
the intent of taking advantage of him."

The penalty for traffickers under Article 248 of the Yemeni
Penal Code is up to ten years in prison. If the offense
prosecuted under Article 248 is committed against a child,
the prison term can be extended to 15 years.


SANAA 00000341 006 OF 008


Article 47 of the Yemeni Constitution stipulates, "The State
shall guarantee to its citizens their personal freedom,
preserve their dignity and their security."


B. Article 249 carries a penalty of seven years in prison
for kidnapping and the death penalty in kidnapping cases that
include sexual assault or murder. Articles 146, 147 and 161
of the Child's Rights Law protect a child from sexual
molestation, economic exploitation, prostitution and other
illegal activities. While only Article 248 appears to
explicitly punish trafficking, the other articles outlined
above could presumably be used to prosecute traffickers as
well.


C. There is no formal law on labor trafficking; however, a
law has been drafted by the Ministry of Legal Affairs in 2006
and is now before the Cabinet, which must approve it before
Parliament can act on it.


D. The penalty for rape is up to seven years in prison. If
two or more persons jointly commit the rape, the punishment
is a maximum of ten years. If the victim of the rape is less
than 14 years, the penalty carries a maximum of 15 years.


E. All aspects of prostitution are criminalized, including
the activities of brothel owners and operators. Laws against
prostitution are intermittently enforced.


F. The ROYG significantly increased its efforts to prosecute
child trafficking cases in 2006. The MLSA reports that 12
traffickers of children were successfully convicted and
sentenced in 2006. Although the exact length of each
sentence is unknown, the range is from six months to three
years in prison. At the end of 2005, there were at least 14
traffickers apprehended by authorities. The number of
convictions has decreased from previous years. There were no
cases of prosecutions against traffickers for sexual
exploitation. The inability of Yemeni authorities to provide
detailed case information is not unusual; the Yemeni judicial
and law enforcement system is fragmented and disorganized,
with court decisions still hand-written and court records
decentralized.


G. Most child smugglers are freelance operators who are
often related to their child victims, or at a minimum known
to their families. Child smuggling to Saudi Arabia appears
to be due to dire economic conditions and there are no
indications of international organizations being involved.
UNICEF, local journalists covering the issue of child
smuggling, and MOI and MLSA officials describe the child
trafficking network as loosely organized. UNICEF notes in
its 2005 report that the organization is "not on the scale of
an international crime syndicate." This is still indicative
of the situation in 2006. Taxi drivers or smugglers pick up
some children who start the journey on their own along the
routes. Families that allow their children to go to Saudi
Arabia live in extreme poverty, have large families and are
either given or promised money. In some cases, families of
victims approach the traffickers. There are no reports that
government officials are involved, but it is a possibility.

Post does not believe that organized gangs or syndicates are
behind prostitution in Aden. Post does not have information
on how prostitution operates in Sanaa. For women over the
age of majority, there is no evidence to indicate that
prostitution in Yemen involves sex trafficking. Many allege
that prostitution rings in Yemen, should they exist, might
involve government officials, including customs, border and
law enforcement officials, who are at least aware of the
practice. For example, hotels in Aden where Yemeni and
foreign prostitutes ply their trade are always monitored by
officers of the MOI and Political Security Organization
(PSO). In the past, AFSWJ has speculated that low-level
government and security officials operate or are complicit in
prostitution within the country.

In cases where there may be a sex trafficking problem with
victims under the age of 18, it is unknown who is behind it
or whether or not it is organized.


H. In 2006 the ROYG intensified investigations of child

SANAA 00000341 007 OF 008


smuggling, although the MOI's investigation and surveillance
skills and capabilities remained limited and rudimentary. In
Yemen migrant smuggling and trafficking cases are many times
intermingled. For example, many times children who are
billed as "trafficked" in fact emigrated to Saudi Arabia with
their families. Other times, children apprehended in Saudi
Arabia and repatriated to Yemen lie to authorities in order
to protect their families who were still living in Saudi
Arabia.


I. In 2005, the government stepped up specialized training
to border guards on how to recognize instances of
trafficking. In conjunction with IOM and UNICEF, the ROYG
trained 40 MOI personnel on TIP law enforcement and
assistance to victims of smuggling. To assure continuity, 10
additional border officials were selected to act as future
trainers. UNICEF, however, did not continue the training
program in 2006. There were no reports of ROYG officials
receiving any specialized training on how to investigate or
prosecute trafficking cases.


J. Saudi Arabian authorities routinely repatriate smuggled
children to Yemen. In 2004, Yemen and Saudi Arabia
established a bilateral committee to combat child
trafficking. The committee, facilitated by UNICEF, has met
twice in Riyadh and Sanaa, respectively. A Memorandum of
Understanding was drafted during the meetings; a third
meeting is scheduled for March 2007 to further discuss
anti-TIP initiatives dealing with children.


K. The Yemen Constitution prohibits the extradition of its
citizens. Post is unaware of any extradition of persons
charged with trafficking.


L. Post cannot confirm any government involvement in, or
tolerance of, child trafficking. Should the prostitution
problem be identified as sex trafficking, it is likely that
low-level ROYG officials would be at minimum aware of the
practice.


M. The ROYG has not taken any action against officials for
involvement in TIP.


N. Although there are reports that some prostitutes are under
the age of 18, Yemen is not identified as a child sex tourism
destination. There are no confirmed reports on the number of
child prostitutes.


O. Yemen ratified the Slavery Convention of 1926 in 1987. In
1989 the government ratified the Convention for the
Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and Exploitation of the
Prostitution of Others. The government ratified the Rights
of the Child Convention in 1991, along with the Optional
Protocol on the Rights of the Child in Armed Conflict. ILO
Convention 182 Concerning Prohibition and Immediate Action
for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor was
signed and ratified in 1999. In July 2004 the ROYG ratified
the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child on the Sale of Children.

--------------
Protection and Assistance to Victims
--------------


A. The government provides limited assistance to trafficked
children. For repatriated trafficked children, there is one
fully operational reception center in the Harath region
established in May 2005. The center, run jointly by the ROYG
and UNICEF, provides social services, limited medical care,
and attempts to reunite TIP victims with their families. In
2006, the center received 796 children, of which 758 were
returned to their parents after a pledge that their children
would not be smuggled again. Twelve children were sent to
other care centers in Sanaa, Hodeidah and Hajja, while 25
children continue to remain in the center. All children who
entered the center were male, except for one female, aged 9,
who entered with her brother. After four days in the center,
both were handed back to their father.

There is not enough evidence to indicate that prostitution in
Yemen involves sexual trafficking for women over the age of

SANAA 00000341 008 OF 008


majority and the government did not care for prostitutes.
With underage prostitution, the traditional nature of Yemeni
society and sexual taboos make it difficult to assess or to
investigate what aid, if any, may be given to potential
victims. If there is government or NGO assistance to victims
of underage sex trafficking, it is likely limited and
sporadic and closely guarded by the women and their families.
At this time, without assistance, Yemen is mostly incapable
of handling TIP victims since the ROYG lacks adequate
funding, resources, and capacity to deal with such an issue.

The ROYG has begun to demonstrate political will in dealing
with child trafficking. It is not possible to assess whether
or not the same political will exists to combat sexual
oriented trafficking since it has not proven to be a
significant problem in Yemen.


B. The Government does not provide funding to NGOs to help
victims of trafficking.


C. While no referral process for NGOs exists, law
enforcement officials do transfer repatriated children from
Saudi Arabia to the Harath Reception Center or a smaller MLSA
facility in Hajja. If children cannot be re-united with
their families, MLSA places children in public orphanages.


D. There are credible reports that several returned children
were initially held in custody for up to a month before being
returned to their families. Child prostitutes who are picked
up by authorities are routinely incarcerated and prosecuted,
although nothing is known about the outcome of their cases.
Some children prostitutes are released to third parties, most
likely pimps, while others are reportedly let go in the
streets without any support system.


E. There is no known judicial program to aid victims of
trafficking in understanding their rights or seeking legal
redress.


F. Yemen does not provide any significant assistance to
protect victims or witnesses of trafficking. The government
provides limited support through the Harath and Hajja
reception centers to trafficked children, including temporary
shelter, social services, and limited medical care.


G. In 2005, in cooperation with UNICEF and IOM, the ROYG
trained 17 staff of the new Harath reception center on
shelter management and trafficking victim assistance. Two
additional individuals -- one with the MLSA and the other
with a Yemeni NGO expected to take over the center in 2006 --
they were also trained in order to maintain continuity. It
is presumed that this continuity has taken place, yet there
is no system in place to measure the sustainability. The
ROYG has been cooperating with Saudi Arabia, but not
specifically on training. There are no reports of
cooperation with any other foreign countries or embassies to
provide training on TIP victim protection. The ROYG also
does not urge those embassies to develop on-going
relationships with NGOs that serve TIP victims.


H. The ROYG provides limited assistance to repatriated
Yemeni children by providing temporary shelter and assistance
in reuniting children with their families.


I. UNICEF and IOM are the sole international NGOs that focus
on trafficking in persons in Yemen. They both worked with
TIP victims in the last year. The AFSWJ works with
prostitutes, but does not focus specifically on sex
trafficking. AFSWJ provides limited legal and rehabilitative
services to women. The Saleh Foundation is expected to take
over the administration of the new Harath reception center.
HCMC works within the Presidency of Council of Ministers to
lobby for child protection laws. These NGOs are all possible
partners for TIP assistance programs that could focus on the
protection of trafficking victims.

End of text.
KRAJESKI