Identifier
Created
Classification
Origin
07PHNOMPENH16
2007-01-05 06:39:00
UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Embassy Phnom Penh
Cable title:  

SCENESETTER FOR PDAS KATHLEEN STEPHENS JANUARY

Tags:  PGOV PHUM CB 
pdf how-to read a cable
VZCZCXRO0169
PP RUEHCHI RUEHDT RUEHHM RUEHNH
DE RUEHPF #0016/01 0050639
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 050639Z JAN 07
FM AMEMBASSY PHNOM PENH
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7781
INFO RUCNASE/ASEAN MEMBER COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 PHNOM PENH 000016 

SIPDIS

SENSITIVE
SIPDIS

STATE FOR EAP, EAP/MLS

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PGOV PHUM CB
SUBJECT: SCENESETTER FOR PDAS KATHLEEN STEPHENS JANUARY
20-24 VISIT TO CAMBODIA


UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 PHNOM PENH 000016

SIPDIS

SENSITIVE
SIPDIS

STATE FOR EAP, EAP/MLS

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PGOV PHUM CB
SUBJECT: SCENESETTER FOR PDAS KATHLEEN STEPHENS JANUARY
20-24 VISIT TO CAMBODIA



1. (SBU) SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION. U.S. strategic interests
are at play in Cambodia, although they relate as much to
Cambodia's neighbors as to Cambodia. As has long been the
case, Cambodia remains something of a "sideshow" in which
world and regional powers (China, Vietnam, Thailand and the
U.S.) vie for influence or, at the very least, compete to
preempt others from gaining too strong a hold on Cambodia.
The Cambodians, for their part, have long tried to play off
these competing powers against one another in order to
advance their own interests. In these equations, the role of
China is pivotal, as it expands its influence in the region.
In Cambodia, the Chinese have been particularly successful
given USG reticence in the past to engage more energetically
with the Cambodian government. Nonetheless, Cambodia sees
the U.S. as crucial in serving as a counterweight to the
growing Chinese presence and many Cambodians view the U.S. as
an alternative model for economic and political development
to the more authoritarian regimes in the region. Polls show
that the average Cambodian holds the U.S. in high regard; our
public affairs focus includes outreach to the Muslim
minority, cultural programming, and active visitors programs.


2. (SBU) The USG and the Cambodian government (RGC)
cooperate closely on a wide range of issues:
counter-terrorism and intel-sharing, MIA recovery, Amcit
pedophile cases, health (HIV/AIDS and avian influenza) and
education. Mil-to-mil ties are expanding with the first U.S.
Navy ship visit in over 30 years planned for February and
IMET and FMF programs restarting. The U.S. is crucial to
Cambodia's economy, representing the largest market for its
garment sector, which accounts for 70% of the country's
exports. PM Hun Sen strongly desires a more productive
relationship with the USG, but he and the ruling CPP have yet
to commit to enduring democratic reforms. Your meeting with
the Prime Minister will underscore our desire for stronger
ties and provide an opportunity to impress on the PM the need
for reform as a prerequisite for deepening the bilateral
relationship and attracting foreign investors. END SUMMARY
AND INTRODUCTION.

Cambodia Matures as an International Actor
--------------



3. (SBU) Since reestablishing diplomatic relations in 1992
following the signing of the Paris Peace Accords, the U.S.
and Cambodia have incrementally but steadily strengthened
their ties, albeit with occasional setbacks as a result of
Cambodian human rights transgressions. The momentum of this
deepening relationship has increased in recent years and
Cambodia has begun taking a more responsible position in
international affairs. The RGC has sent peacekeepers to
Sudan (a company of de-miners),supported Guatemala's bid for
the UNSC seat and taken a more publicly critical stance on
Burma. While Cambodia has been forthcoming diplomatically,
we continue to urge the RGC to quicken and strengthen
movement toward reform. We have focused especially on
passage of an anti-corruption law that meets international
standards.

Keeping Political Space Open, Human Rights Are Priorities
-------------- --------------


4. (SBU) The level of political violence in Cambodia has
fallen since the early 1990s, but there remain serious
concerns regarding human rights and democratization. Like
other countries in the region, Cambodia's leaders have used
its weak and easily influenced judiciary to pursue legal
cases against critics and the political opposition. While
criminal defamation is no longer a viable weapon for
silencing dissent, other legal provisions concerning
disinformation and incitement remain on the books and have
been used in the past year against journalists and others the
government has wished to silence. The PM has had a very
public falling out with the UNSYG's Special Rapporteur for
Human Rights for Cambodia, Kenyan constitutional lawyer Yash
Ghai, due to what the PM considers as unduly harsh criticism
of the human rights situation in Cambodia. The PM also
suggested that the UN close its local human rights office.
Former Phnom Penh police chief Heng Pov fled Cambodia before
he could be arrested on murder charges and gave lengthy press
interviews abroad detailing the alleged corruption and
extrajudicial killings committed by senior government
officials. Heng Pov's murder conviction in absentia and
repatriation to Cambodia -- despite a standing visa offer
from Finland -- has now led many observers to raise questions
about due process and his safety in prison. The government
regularly refuses to provide permits for civil society NGOs
and other groups to hold public gatherings that might raise
issues highlighting government shortcomings.

PHNOM PENH 00000016 002 OF 002




5. (SBU) International observers will closely monitor the
local commune council elections scheduled for April 2007 and
the national elections in the summer 2008. Cambodia's
previous three national elections have shown improvement
during each five-year cycle, with diminishing levels of
political violence, but intimidation and vote-buying continue
to be problematic. Prince Rannariddh's ouster from the
FUNCINPEC party, his creation of a new party, and the "new
FUNCINPEC's" increasingly close cooperation with the CPP make
the April elections more unpredictable.

Corruption Remains Endemic
--------------


6. (SBU) In 2006, Transparency International ranked Cambodia
151 out of 163 countries in its corruption perceptions index;
Burma was the only country in Asia ranked lower than
Cambodia. There has been continued and widespread land
grabbing by government officials and the politically
well-connected. Uprooted communities from outside Phnom Penh
trying to seek government redress are often prevented from
traveling to the city to draw media and public attention to
their plights. Enactment of an anti-corruption law has
dragged on for years, with the government showing little
inclination to adopt legislation that would lead to strong
enforcement. This failure, along with a corrupt and
politicized judiciary, has prevented Cambodia from attracting
foreign direct investment. Cambodia's competitiveness
ranking (103 out of 125 in 2006) is also one of the lowest in
the world, again due largely to perceived systemic
corruption. Rather than embrace the reforms that would
garner increased investment and the new jobs that would be
created, the RGC appears to be banking on the future income
from its as-yet-untapped oil and gas reserves, which should
come on stream after 2009. Donors are concerned that the
current corrupt political environment will lead to misuse of
future revenues that are badly needed to reduce poverty in
the country.

Khmer Rouge Tribunal Stumbles Forward
--------------


7. (SBU) The Khmer Rouge Tribunal, also known as the
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC),has
obtained funding from UN member nations, established offices
in Phnom Penh and selected international and Cambodian staff,
including judges, prosecutors and investigating staff.
However, its Cambodian and international staff have had
difficulty in agreeing on terms of reference. Squabbling
among international and Cambodian judges, combined with
interference from the Cambodian Bar Association, threatens to
undermine the initial momentum. Meanwhile, the potential
defendants continue to age, with one, Ta Mok, havin died in
the past year.

Aid: Health, Education and Good Governance
--------------


8. (U) The USG's assistance programs are targeted at helping
the Cambodian people through a focus on good health
(especially HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases),good
education and improved political and economic governance.
The overall USG assistance budget for FY07 is $53 million, of
which approximately $46 million is managed by USAID.

Post and the New Embassy Compound
--------------


9. (U) The new Embassy chancery was formally opened January
17, 2006 with the annex housing USAID completed approximately
six months later. The Embassy currently employs 72
direct-hire Americans, 460 locally employed staff, and 17
eligible family members. There are another approximately 50
family members at post. Six agencies are represented:
Department of State, Department of Defense (Defense Attache,
Office of Defense Cooperation, and a naval medical unit),US
Agency for International Development, the Centers for Disease
Control, a new Peace Corps presence, and a soon-to-be-hired
local veterinarian representing the Department of
Agriculture. The FBI has received NSDD38 approval to
establish a LEGATT, but has internal funding constraints.
MUSSOMELI