AI RESPONSE IN BURMA REMAINS A WORK IN PROGRESS

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 RANGOON 001503

SIPDIS

STATE FOR EAP/MLS; USDA FOR FAS/PECAD, FAS/CNMP, FAS/AAD; BANGKOK FOR
USAID/RDMA: JMACARTHUR, APHIS: NCARDENAS

SENSITIVE
SIPDIS

E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EAGR EAID AMED PGOV CASC TBIO KLFU BM
SUBJECT: AI RESPONSE IN BURMA REMAINS A WORK IN PROGRESS

REF: A) RANGOON 1249, B) RANGOON 359, C) RANGOON 355


1. (SBU) Summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO),together with the Burmese Ministry of
Health (MOH) and Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department (LBVD)
hosted donor and training workshops in Rangoon on September 28-29. U
reps used the donor meeting to describe ongoing and planned Avian
Influenza (AI) efforts in Burma. According to UN officials, in the
seven months since Burma announced an AI outbreak among poultry in
Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions, the money pledged by donors has
fostered capacity building, strengthened surveillance and detection,
helped upgrade local facilities, and delivered vital supplies and
equipment. Taking advantage of the presence of donors, including USA
and World Bank representatives, UN officials held a second workshop t
discuss use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs),including kits
donated by USAID. U.S. representatives took the lead among donors in
stressing the need for strict project monitoring and evaluation. Wit
few donors currently supporting AI efforts in Burma, the total amount
pledged falls over $2 million short of the $8.4 million requested by
WHO and FAO to meet the country's most critical AI needs. UN and
Burmese participants expressed concern about unfunded needs and slow
progress in implementing currently-funded programs in the area of
animal health. End summary.

AI Free?
--------------

2. (U) On September 4, Burma declared to the OIE and the media that t
country was now AI-free, based on the fact that over three months had
passed since the last known case of avian influenza was diagnosed in
poultry. In response to a March 2006 AI outbreak among poultry in
Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions, the GOB aggressively culled chickens,
quail and ducks in affected areas, and claimed to have contained the
initial outbreak in April (reftels B,C). With minimal in-country lab
capabilities, few trained veterinarians and health personnel, and
scarce resources, the GOB is ill-prepared to prevent and control
another AI outbreak without strong support from WHO, FAO and
international donors. However, concurrent AI outbreaks in other part
of the world and the challenges of providing aid to Burma produced a
weak response to initial requests for assistance. The quick U.S.
response to the March outbreak, through provision of 200 PPEs
immediately after the outbreak occurred and follow-up advice and
support to WHO and FAO, had helped to encourage others to pledge
further support.

Who's Giving What
--------------

3. (SBU) At the WHO-sponsored donor's conference on September 28,
country representatives from WHO, FAO, UNICEF, MOH and LBVD described
ongoing efforts to address AI in Burma. Workshop coordinators
repeatedly expressed appreciation for USAID?s commitment of $1 millio
WHO and FAO outlined their $8.4 million plan to upgrade AI capacity i
Burma to attendees from the U.S. (Embassy and USAID),the U.K. (DFID)
Australia (AusAID) and Japan (JICA). World Bank representatives join
the conference late and held discussions on the margins of the
meetings. World Bank representatives said they hope to fund $2 milli
of the $8.4 million plan, which would leave WHO/FAO with a shortfall
just over $2 million. Donations to date include:

-- USAID: $1 million for training programs and PPEs of which $475,000
has been released;
-- World Bank: potentially $2 million for a farmer compensation trust
fund, disease research, and upgrades of labs in Mandalay;
-- Asian Development Bank: $1 million for surveillance, an early
warning system, lab upgrades, and strengthening WHO and FAO offices;
-- AusAID: $770,000 to upgrade lab facilities and rehabilitate farms;
-- AusAID (regional fund): $90,000 for lab support, plus a $130,000
grant to CARE to develop and implement village preparedness and risk
reduction programs;
-- Japanese Embassy/JICA: funding public awareness posters and visits
by experts;
-- Japanese Trust Fund: $750,000 for emergency response and preventio
plus $616,050 granted directly to FAO and OIE;
-- China: $125,000 worth of vehicles, PPEs, lab equipment and trainin
-- FAO emergency funds: $45,000 for the initial emergency response;
-- Japanese Trust Fund: $1.9 million granted directly to UNICEF for
risk communication (not included in the overall WHO/FAO plan).


4. (SBU) To date, USAID has allocated $475,000 of its $1 million

RANGOON 00001503 002 OF 003


commitment to WHO and FAO. Dr. John MacArthur, USAID Regional
Infectious Disease Advisor, said that spending was on track (ref A),
and discussed possible options for use of the remaining $525,000 in
meetings with WHO representatives on September 28 and 29. WHO's AI
coordinating officer in Burma, Kanokporn Coninx, told emboffs of her
concern that the Rangoon FAO office, despite the recent addition of
three additional Burmese staff, had fallen behind in its AI program.
She recommended that a foreign consultant or direct hire be added to
help steer program development and communicate closely with donors.
Most FAO staff currently serving in Burma are experts on agricultural
crops, not animal health issues. However, Dr. MacArthur stated that
the FAO regional office has yet to release its funds and once release
he expects the FAO activities to proceed rapidly.


5. (SBU) At the donor workshop, Dr. MacArthur raised the following
issues: 1)the need to address the possibility of an AI outbreak in
remote border areas, where government services are minimal and access
is more restricted; 2) the high costs of holding workshops in the new
capital of Nay Pyi Taw, where hotel costs are double or triple those
Rangoon or Mandalay, greatly reducing the effectiveness of limited
donor funds; and 3) the need for closer coordination and communicatio
and more formal procedures as funds flow through various agencies to
address multiple projects. U.S. participants at the workshop comment
favorably on the GOB's open, cooperative, and transparent efforts to
combat AI during the March-April outbreak in central Burma, and urged
that such transparency and information-sharing continue. MacArthur
noted that this would foster more cooperation from international dono
as well. Although GOB and other donor participants did not respond t
these points, WHO representatives told emboffs later that GOB
participants were pleased they had been raised, although they lacked
the authority to respond personally.

PPE Management
--------------

6. (U) On September 29, WHO representatives and USAID's MacArthur led
Burma's first workshop on the logistics of managing PPE use. WHO and
FAO each received one-half of the 4,500 kits donated by USAID, which
arrived in Burma 11 September and are now held at WHO and FAO
warehouses. At the workshop, district-level medical officers, border
and airport control officials, hospital administrators, veterinary
officials, medical stores operators, national lab technicians and
representatives from the Central Epidemiology Unit learned how to
properly use and monitor use of PPEs. Using a USAID formula based on
experience elsewhere, they calculated that Burma will need 25,000 -
47,000 PPEs in country to protect personnel and control another
outbreak.


7. (U) The participants also discussed PPE distribution and storage
throughout the country, and recommended that sizeable quantities of
PPEs be retained in Rangoon and Mandalay because of the high density
poultry and humans in the two largest cities. Others would be
dispersed to remote areas, such as Thaunggyi, Mawlamyine, Kale, and
Myitkyina. Medical stores personnel noted that supplies can generall
reach the most remote areas of the country within four days. The gro
recommended PPE allocations for Rapid Response Teams, poultry cullers
medical personnel, assessment teams, lab staff, transporters, and
support personnel. Recommendations from the workshop will be sent to
the Minister of Health and the Minister of Livestock and Fisheries.
The Ministers will then seek top-level approval for the PPE plan. GO
participants agreed that monitoring and accountability of PPEs is an
important part of the proposal. UN officials suggested that monitori
teams might optimally include local staff representatives of donor
nations and UN agencies.


8. (SBU) Comment: In the seven months since Burma's first official
outbreak, domestic capabilities to detect and control an AI outbreak
have improved, although much more needs to be done. Funding remains
far short of needs, even at the reduced levels planned by WHO and FAO
WHO has played a critical coordination role, while FAO has made slowe
progress. The MOH and LBVD still do not coordinate their efforts wel
and although the GOB is more forthcoming about AI than many expected,
it must develop a formal procedure for communication and information
sharing about needs and activities. GOB participants in the workshop
were competent, experienced in their fields, and eager to engage the
donors. Participants particularly appreciated the advice given by
USAID based on regional experience. Since the AI threat transcends
borders, it is in everyone's interests to keep Burma moving along the
right track in building capacity, sharing information, and

RANGOON 00001503 003 OF 003


strengthening surveillance. At the same time, because this is Burma,
donors and UN agencies must closely monitor assistance to ensure that
donated funds address real needs. End comment.


9. This cable was cleared by Dr. John MacArthur, USAID Regional
Infectious Disease Advisor.

VILLAROSA