EMERGENCY DECREE UNVEILED; NATIONAL RECONCILIATION

C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 08 BANGKOK 004653

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E.O. 12958: DECL: 07/19/2015
TAGS: PGOV TH
SUBJECT: EMERGENCY DECREE UNVEILED; NATIONAL RECONCILIATION
COUNCIL HEAD EXPRESSES CONCERN

REF: BANGKOK 4596

Classified By: AMBASSADOR RALPH F BOYCE. REASON: 1.4 (D)


1. (C) Summary: The RTG unveiled its new Emergency Decree
to the Diplomatic Corps at a July 18 briefing. MFA Permanent
Secretary Krit Garnjana-Goonchorn characterized the decree as

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"consistent with the Constitution" and subject to checks. He
said that the RTG is drafting an explanation of the decree to
submit to the UNHRC in Geneva to assure audiences that there
is no violation of the International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (ICCPR). Krit stated that the decree was to
go into force in the troubled deep southern provinces of
Narathiwat, Yala and Pattani as well as four districts in
Songkhla. The decree has aroused considerable concern in the
Thai political, press, human rights and democracy-advocate
community, especially over the issues of censorship,
detention of suspects and freedom from liability for enacting
officials. National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) Head
Anand Panyarachun told the Ambassador on July 19 that he too
was concerned over the direction that the Prime Minister
seems to be going, but said he was in touch with Thaksin and
had perhaps already headed off even more stringent emergency
measures. Anand added that the NRC may shorten its working
period and issue recommendations as early as the end of
August or early September. The Cabinet discussed the
government's latest countermeasures at its regular weekly
meeting on July 19, and additional information regarding the
decree may be forthcoming. A translated text of the decree,
delivered at the July 18 MFA briefing, follows in para 11.
End Summary.

GOVERNMENT PRESENTS ITS CASE


2. (SBU) In a briefing to the Bangkok diplomatic community
on July 18, RTG MFA Permanent Secretary Krit
Garnjana-Goonchorn described the already-enacted Emergency
Decree as "consistent with the Constitution" and subject to
checks. The decree allows the Prime Minister, upon approval
of the Cabinet, to declare a state of emergency for up to
three months either nationwide or in specific localities.
The Cabinet is empowered to extend the period for another
three month period. The more controversial sections within
the decree include the power to prohibit publication of
materials deemed intended to instigate fear or cause
misunderstanding of the emergency situation (section 11) and
the freedom from criminal, civil or disciplinary liabilities
for officials having duties under the decree who have acted
in good faith and without prejudice (section 17).


3. (U) According to the Permanent Secretary, the decree is
for use in case of an emergency as defined in Section 218 of
the Constitution. In addition to civil strife, Krit
emphasized that the decree could equally apply to natural
disasters like last year's tsunami. He stated that the
Emergency Decree had been several months in the making. The
events in Yala were, according to Krit paraphrasing Prime
Minister Thaksin, the "last straw" that catalyzed the
announcement of the decree. The Emergency Decree delegates
increased powers to the Prime Minister and these powers can
then be delegated to the Deputy Prime Minister (who heads the
implementation council) or to another "competent official."
Although the Prime Minister's powers are expanded, Krit
maintained, there are extensive checks and balances written
into the decree. Any decree by the Prime Minister's must be
authorized by the Cabinet (Note: Although in the case of this
government, this would likely be a blank check). Drafters of
the decree were careful not to confer any new powers on the
government, Krit said. Instead, the decree consolidates
existing laws, and is compatible with existing legislation,
the Constitution and Thailand's commitments under ICCPR and
other international laws, he added.


4. (SBU) Referring to Section 17, Krit noted that officials
in charge of administering the decree would be immune from
prosecution, so long as they "performed their duties in good
faith." Krit opined that the judiciary is likely to have a
role and would review grievances in a nondiscriminatory
manner. Krit added that the RTG was drafting an explanation
of the decree to submit to the UNHRC, to allay any concerns
about its incompatibility with the ICCPR. In response to a
question regarding Parliamentary discussion of the decree,
Krit noted that Parliament is out of session until August 22.
Krit said that he doubted that a special session would be
convened prior to that date. (Note: Press reported on July
19 that Deputy Prime Minister Wissanu Krea-Ngam had asked
that Government Chief Whip Pongthep Thepkanjana consider
convening an extraordinary session for parliamentary
deliberation and endorsement of the Emergency Decree in
compliance with Section 218 of the Constitution, which
requires the Council of Ministers to promptly submit the
emergency decree to the National Assembly for deliberation.
End Note). Krit was vague in his response to a question on
the effect the decree would have on press freedom in
Thailand. He said that Thailand doesn't censor the press, but
added that he didn't know if it was safe "to be answering
this question off the top of my head."

FIRST EMERGENCY COMMITTEE MEETING CITES EMERGENCY ZONES


5. (U) The decree implementing body -- the Government
Administration in Emergency Situation Committee -- held its
first meeting on July 18 under the chairmanship of Deputy
Prime Minister Pol. General Chidchai Vanasatidya, who was
appointed by the PM to lead the Committee under Section 6 of
the decree. The meeting agreed to designate three
southernmost provinces -- Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat, as
well as four other districts in Songkhla -- Chana, Na Thawai,
Thepha, and Sabayoi -- as "emergency zones" in accordance
with Section 5 of the Emergency Decree and to submit the list
of these designated emergency zones to the Prime Minister for
consideration for final Cabinet approval at its July 19
meeting. DPM Chidchai maintained that he would exercise
discretion and restraint in enforcing the decree, especially
Sections 9 and 11 of the Emergency Decree that empower state
authorities to arrest and detain suspected agitators without
charges, inspect letters, restrict distribution or
dissemination of publications, surveil telephone
communications, and prohibit people from leaving their
quarters.

NATIONAL RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (NRC) HEAD ANAND CONCERNED


6. (U) In a July 19 conversation, National Reconciliation
Commission (NRC) Head Anand Panyarachun told the Ambassador
that he was concerned over the direction that the Prime
Minister seems to be going but was in touch with Thaksin and
had perhaps already headed off even more stringent emergency
measures. Anand said that at a meeting of the NRC subgroup
on the south, the 13 members were virtually unanimous in
their concern. Anand said that in practice there is nothing
wrong with a new law provided that it takes human rights
concerns into account. Anand then cited certain provisions
of the decree dealing with free expression and immunity for
state officials that worried him. He said that grievances
against the administration, past and present, are the cause
of much of the trouble. People in the region do not trust
Thaksin and any widening of his powers will be suspect. More
laws and powers are not necessary, Anand emphasized. More
efficient application of existing laws by security officials
and less administrative corruption in the afflicted region
are key instead. Anand pointed out that according to
Ministry of Interior statistics, 85 percent of the killings
in the south have no specific suspects. Citing the rapid
findings of evidence by British officials after the London
bombings, Anand said he had suggested to Thaksin that, in the
absence of witnesses, better forensics should be employed in
the south.


7. (C) Anand said that he had learned that additional
sections to the decree had been under draft. However, Anand
believed that he had persuaded Thaksin to delay these
measures. At the July 18 NRC meeting, which was held
parallel to the implementing body's session, some members
questioned the continued operation of the committee under the
"untenable" circumstances. Anand said that he pleaded for
the continuance of the body. On July 19 the NRC will meet in
plenary to decide its course -- likely to be a shortening of
its time frame to late August or early September. Anand
added that the NRC will begin making specific recommendations
to the Prime Minister on July 19. He added that he has
already broached the suggestions to Thaksin already. He
urged that a wider perspective, not simply more security
measures, were needed.


8. (C) Education, better administration and health care
were all integral to improving the situation. Anand told
Thaksin that Deputy Prime Minister Chaturon (who is also a
member of the NRC) should be put in charge of the south,
rather than splitting responsibility between him and Deputy
Prime Ministers Wisaanu and Chidchai. Anand said that he had
chided the Prime Minister for likening the Yala attacks
(reftel) to 9/11 in the U.S. Despite the 3,000 deaths in the
9/11 attacks, the administration had gone to Congress for
homeland security legislation. In Britain the effort to
frame new anti-terror laws was being done as a bi-partisan
effort. Anand told Thaksin that in this case he had not even
consulted with the NRC before going forward with the decree.


OPPOSITION ALSO UNHAPPY


9. (U) In a statement on July 18, opposition Democrat Party
(DP) leader Abhisit Vejjajiva maintained that the
government's newly enacted Emergency Decree had in essence
violated the Constitution, especially Section 11 (6)
governing prime ministerial power to maintain security of the
state and safety of the country and people. Abhisit
suggested that the Government had exercised its power at the
expense of Thai people's rights and freedom accorded them by
the Constitution. He noted that the state power to inspect
printed matters by virtue of Article 11 (5) and to waive
state liabilities for both civil and criminal
responsibilities in Article 17 were not in keeping with the
Constitution. Abhisit declared that his party would petition
the Constitutional Court through the Ombudsman to determine
the constitutionality of the Emergency Decree.


10. (C) Comment: There is still considerable confusion
over how the government intends to implement this decree and
to what extent. Anand's concern is that the Prime Minister
will, in the case of the troubled southern provinces, adopt
the security measures contained in the decree to the
exclusion of the more comprehensive and conciliatory approach
recommended by the NRC. DP leader Abhisit (and a number of
NGOs and professional bodies in the media, for example) are
concerned about wider constitutional questions, especially as
to how the decree could be, as drawn up, applied more
broadly, without proper checks and balances, the government's
assurances notwithstanding. Thaksin and his advisors insist
that the measures will be applied minimally and that there is
really little new in the decree. The decree appears to have
been rushed out, however, without a thorough vetting through
consultations of its provisions. In the wake of the Yala
attacks Thaksin may have felt that he was taking a decisive
"last straw" move. Many of his critics fear that in his
haste to bring out the Emergency decree, Thaksin will in fact
exacerbate resentment among southern Muslims while calling
into question how much power the Prime Minister would reserve
himself for other "emergencies." End Comment.


11. (U) Translated text delivered at Ministry of Foreign
Affairs briefing on July 18, 2005

Memorandum of Principle and Rationale pertaining to the
Emergency Degree on Government Administration in States of
Emergency, B.E. 2548

Principle

To revise the law on government administration in states of
emergency.

Rationale

Whereas the law on Government Administration in States of
Emergency has been in force for a considerable period of
time, certain provisions could no be applied to achieve an
expedient remedy against a wide range of situations which
affect the security of State; and owing to the fact that at
present there are problems relating to the security of the
State affecting the independence and territorial integrity of
the State and acts which cause public disorders in the
country, endangering life or causing distress to the extent
that interferes with peaceful way of life of the people,
which cannot be resolved by a conventional form of government
administration. Hence, there is a need to enact
extraordinary measures for the administration of emergency
situation to maintain and enable the security of the State
and the people's safety to revert promptly to normalcy.
Therefore, for the purpose of maintaining national or public
safety or averting public calamity, it is necessary to issue
this Emergency Decree.

EMERGENCY DECREE
ON GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION IN STATES OF EMERGENCY, B.E. 2548

BHUMIBOL ADULYADEJ, REX;
Given on the Day of B.E. 2548
Being the Year of the Present Reign.

His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej is graciously pleased to
proclaim that:

Whereas it is expedient to revise the law on government
administration in states of emergency;

Whereas this Emergency Decree contains certain provisions in
relation to the restriction of rights and liberties of
persons, in respect of which section 29 in conjunction with
section 31, section 35, section 36, section 37, section 39,
section 44, section 48 and section 50 of the Constitution of
the Kingdom of Thailand so permit by virtue of law;

Section 1. This Emergency Decree is called "Emergency Decree
on Government Administration in States of Emergency, B.E.
2548".

Section 2. This Emergency Decree shall come into force as
from the day following the date of its publication in the
Government Gazette.

Section 3. The Act on Government Administration in States of
Emergency, B.E. 2495 is hereby repealed.

Section 4. In this Emergency Decree:

"States of Emergency" means a situation, which affects or may
affect public order or endangers the security of the State or
may cause the country or any part of the country to fall into
a state of acute difficulty or a situation resulting from an
offense relations to terrorism under the Penal Code, armed
conflict or war, pursuant to which it is necessary to enact
emergency measures to preserve the monarchy, the democratic
system of government under the constitutional monarchy,
national independence and territorial integrity, the
interests of the nation, compliance with the law, the safety
of the people, the peaceful way of life of the people, the
protection of rights, liberties and public order or public
interest, or the aversion or provision of remedy for damages
arising from urgent and severe public calamity.

"Competent official" means person appointed by the Prime
Minister to perform an act under this Emergency Decree.

Section 5. In the event of the occurrence of emergency
situation, the Prime Minister deems it appropriate to
mobilize administrative officials or police officers, civil
officials or military officers to jointly prevent, remedy,
suppress, contain the emergency situation, provide
rehabilitation or assistance to the people, the Prime
Minister upon the approval of the Council of Ministers is
empowered to declare a state of emergency be it applicable to
the whole Kingdom or in some area or locality as necessary
under the circumstances. In the case where the approval of
the Council of Ministers cannot be obtained in a timely
manner, the Prime Minister may declare the emergency
situation and subsequently shall seek the approval of the
Council of Ministers within three days. If approval of the
Council of Ministers is no sought within the time prescribed,
or the Council of Ministers refuses approval, such
Declaration of a state of emergency shall cease to be in
force.

The Declaration of a state of emergency under paragraph one
above shall be in force for the duration prescribed by the
Prime Minister but shall not exceed three months from the
date of declaration. In the case where it is necessary to
extend such period, the Prime Minister upon the approval of
he Council of Ministers shall have the power to declare the
extension of duration of enforcement provided that each
extension shall no exceed three months.

At the end of emergency situation or upon any denial of
approval by the Council of Ministers or upon the lapse of the
period under paragraph two above, the Prime Minister shall
declare the termination of such Declaration of a state of
emergency.

Section 6. There shall be established a Government
Administration in States of Emergency Committee consisting of
a Deputy Prime Ministers assigned by the Prime Minister as a
Chairperson, Minister of Defense, Minister of Interior and
Minister of Justice as Vice Chairpersons, Permanent Secretary
for Defense, Permanent Secretary for Foreign Affairs,
Permanent Secretary for Social Development and Human
Security, Permanent Secretary for Interior, Permanent
Secretary for Justice, Director-General of the National

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Intelligence Agency, Attorney-General, Supreme Commander,
Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai Army, Commander in Chief
of the Royal Thai Navy, Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai
Air Force, Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police,
Director-General of the Department of Provincial
Administration and Director-General of the Department of
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation as members, and
Secretary-General of the National Security Council as member

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and secretary, having the powers and duties to monitor and
maintain vigilance on domestic and international situation
which may give rise to emergency situation in order to advise
the Prime Minister of any necessity to declare a State of
Emergency under section 5 or in the case of a Serious State
of Emergency under section 11 and for the implementation of
appropriate measures under this Emergency Decree in order to
prevent, remedy and put an end to such emergency situation.

The provisions of this section shall no prejudice the
exercise of powers of the Prime Minister under section 5 in
the Declaration of a State of Emergency when there arises an
urgent situation which may endanger the country or the people.

Section 7. In an area or locality prescribed in a
Declaration of a State of Emergency under section 5, the
powers and duties vested individually in a Minister of a
Ministry or severally in Ministers of more than one Ministry
or having charge and control of the execution of any law or
is so empowered under any law, where it concerns only such
powers that relate to the issuance of a permission, approval,
order, command or aid in the prevention, remedy, suppression
or ending an emergency situation or providing rehabilitation
or assistance to the people, shall be temporarily transferred
as powers and duties of the Prime Minister in order that
instructions and remedies during the situation can be carried
out in an integral, expedient and efficient manner.

The transfer of all or part of powers and duties of Ministers
under paragraph one as powers and duties of the Prime
Minister shall be in accordance with a Notification published
by the Council of Ministers.

The Prime Minister shall have the power to appoint competent
officials to perform duties under this Emergency Decree and
to carry out functions under laws which have been transferred
to the powers and duties of he Prime Minister under paragraph
one. A person so appointed as a competent official shall
have the powers under such laws. In this regard, the Prime
Minister may authorize any governmental agency or competent
official under such law to continue to exercise their
previously assigned functions, provided that the exercise of
functions shall be in accordance with the rules laid down by
the Prime Minister.

In a case where the Prime Minister appoints a civil servant,
a police officer or a military officer holding a position no
lower than Director-General, Police Commander in Chief,
Commander General or the equivalent thereof as a competent
official and designates such person as a Chief Official
responsible in remedying the emergency situation in an area
and to have charge and control over other officials and
competent officials, the exercise of functions by relevant
governmental agencies and officials, including competent
official, shall comply with instructions of the Chief
Official, except for the exercise of military functions which
must be in accordance with rules and regulations concerning
the use of military force, provided that this must be
consistent with guidelines stipulated by the Chief Official.

In the case of necessity, the Council of Ministers may set up
an ad-hoc Special Task Force to provisionally exercise
functions under this Emergency Decree until the Declaration
of a State of Emergency has been terminated.

The Prime Minister may authorize a Deputy Prime Minister or
one o r more Ministers to exercise powers under paragraph
one, paragraph three or paragraph four on his/her behalf or
may entrust such persons to oversee the exercise of functions
by the relevant governmental agencies, competent official
under paragraph three, Chief Official under paragraph four
and the agency under paragraph give and shall be deemed to be
the superior official of the Chief Official, government
officials and relevant competent officials.

Section 8. For the benefit of coordinating the exercise of
functions in an appropriate manner and befitting the
circumstances and well-being of the people in the area over
which a State of Emergency has been declared, the Prime
Minister or a person assigned by the Prime Minister may issue
an order appointing a group of persons or a person as an
advisor for the exercise of functions of a competent official
or as an assistant to the competent official in the exercise
of functions under this Emergency Decree.

Section 9. In case of necessity to remedy and promptly
resolve a State of Emergency situation or to prevent the
worsening of such situation, the Prime Minister shall have
the power to issue the following regulations:

(1) to prohibit any person from leaving a dwelling place
during the prescribed period, except with the permission of a
competent official or being an exempted person;

(2) to prohibit the assembly or gathering of persons at any
place or any conduct which may incite or lead to an unrest;

(3) to prohibit the publication, distribution or
dissemination of letters, print materials or any means of
communication containing texts which may instigate fear
amongst the people or is intended to distort information
which causes misunderstanding of the emergency situation
affecting the security of state or public order or public
moral both in the area or locality where a State of Emergency
had been declared or the whole Kingdom;

(4) to prohibit the use of communications routes or vehicles
or prescribe conditions on the use of communications routes
or vehicles;

(5) to prohibit the use of buildings or entry into or stay
in any place;
(6) to evacuate people out of a designated area for the
safety of such civilians or to prohibit any person from
entering a designated area.

Regulations under paragraph one may prescribe time limits for
compliance of regulations or conditions for the exercise of
functions by the competent official, or authorize a competent
official to further define an area or additional details, so
as no to cause any act which results in unreasonable hardship
to the people.

Section 10. For the benefit of promptly resolving the
problems in the State of Emergency area, the Prime Minister
may authorize a competent official appointed as a Chief
Official under section 7 paragraph four to exercise the
powers to issue the regulations under section 9 on his/her
behalf. However, upon the exercise of such powers, a report
shall be submitted immediately to the Prime Minister and if
the Prime Minister does not issue regulations on the same
subject matter within forty-eight hours as from when the
regulations were issued by the competent official, such
regulations shall be cease to be in force.

Section 11. In the case where an emergency situation
involves terrorism, use of force, harm to life, body or
property, or there are reasonable grounds to believe that
there exists acts of violence which affects the security of
state, the safety of life or property of the state or person,
and there is a necessity to resolve the problem in an
efficient and timely manner, the Prime Minister, upon the
approval of the Council Ministers, shall have the power to
declare that such State of Emergency as a Serious State of
Emergency, and the provisions of section 5 and section 6
paragraph two shall apply mutatis mutandis.

Upon a Declaration under paragraph one, in addition to powers
under section 9 and section 10, the Prime Minister shall also
have the following powers:

(1) to issue a notification that a competent official shall
have the power of arrest and detention of a person suspected
of having a role in causing the emergency situation, or being
an instigator, making the propagation, a supporter of such
act or concealing relevant information relating to the act
which caused the State of Emergency, provided that this
should be done to the extent that is necessary to prevent
such person from committing an act or participating in the
commission of any act which may cause a serious situation or
to engender cooperation in the termination of the serious
situation;

(2) to issue a notification that a competent official shall
have the power to summon any person or report to the
competent official or to give an oral statement or submit any
documents or evidence relevant to the emergency situation;

(3) to issue a notification that a competent official shall
have the power to seize or attach arms, goods, consumer
products, chemical products or any other materials in the
case where there are reasonable founds to suspect that such
objects have been used or will be used to commit or support
an act which causes an emergency situation;

(4) to issue a notification that a competent official shall
have the power to issue a warrant for the search, removal,
withdrawal or demolition of buildings, structures or
obstructions as necessary for the exercise of functions in
order to promptly terminate a serious situation where a delay
might render the situation beyond control;

(5) to issue a notification that a competent official shall
have the power to issue an order to inspect letters, books,
print materials, telegraphic transmissions, telephone
communications or any other means of communication as well as
to cancel or suspend any contact or communication in order to
prevent or terminate the serious incident provided that the
rules prescribed in the law on special investigation are
complied with mutatis mutandis;

(6) to issue a notification not to perform any act or to
perform an act to the extent that is necessary for
maintaining the security of the state, the safety of the
country or the safety of the people;

(7) to issue a notification that a competent official shall
have the power to issue an order to prohibit any person from
leaving the Kingdom where there are reasonable grounds to
believe that the departure from the Kingdom will affect the
security of the state or the safety of the country;

(8) to issue a notification that a competent official shall
have the power to instruct an alien to leave the Kingdom in
the case where there are reasonable grounds to believe that
such person is a supporter in causing the emergency
situation, provided that the law on immigration shall apply
mutatis mutandis;

(9) to issue a notification that the purchase, sale, use or
possession of any arms, goods, pharmaceutical products,
consumer products, chemical products or any equipment which
may be used for causing unrest or terrorism shall be reported
to or be subject to prior permission of the competent
official or comply with any conditions set by the Prime
Minister.

(10) to order the use of armed force personnel in order to
assist administrative officials or police officers in
terminating the serious situation or controlling the
situation so as to promptly secure order, provided that the
performance of functions by military officers shall have
identical powers and duties to the powers and duties of a
competent official under this Emergency Decree, whereas the
scope of the use of such powers and duties of the military
shall be in accordance with the conditions and time limits
prescribed by the Prime Minister but shall not exceed the
powers under martial laws in the case where martial laws
apply.

Upon the termination of the Serious State of Emergency under
paragraph one, the Prime Minister shall issue a notification
to terminate the notification under this section forthwith.

Section 12. In arresting and detaining suspected persons
under section ll(1),the competent official shall apply for
leave of the court of competent jurisdiction or the Criminal
Court. Upon obtaining leave of the court, the competent
official shall be empowered to arrest and detain the
suspected persons for a period no exceeding seven days. The
suspected persons shall be detained in a designated place
which is not a police station, detention center, penal
institution or prisons and hall not be treated as a convict.
In case where it is necessary to continue the detention in
order to remedy the emergency situation, the competent
official shall apply for the leave of the court to extend
such detention period by seven days at time, provided that
the total period shall no exceed thirty days. Upon the
expiration of such period, if the detention is still
required, the competent official shall proceed under the
Criminal Procedure Code.

In proceeding under paragraph one, the competent official
shall file a report on the arrest and detention of such
suspected persons for submission to the court issuing the
order under paragraph one. A copy of such report shall be
deposited at the office of the competent official so that
relatives of the suspected persons may access such reports
for the entire duration of such detention.

The provisions on the procedures governing the issue of a
warrant under the Criminal Procedure Code shall apply mutatis
mutandis to the application for leave of the Court under
paragraph one.

Section 13. If an object or equipment stipulated in an
announcement under section 1(9) is a communication device or
a part thereof, the Prime Minister may announce the
implementation of such measure throughout the Kingdom or in
any other areas not prescribed in a Declaration of a State of
Emergency.

Section 14. A regulation, announcement and order issued
under section 5, section 7, section 8, section 9, section 11
and section 15 shall also be published in the Government
Gazette upon coming into force.

Section 15. A competent official or a person having
identical powers and duties to a competent official under the
Emergency Decree shall be a competent official under the
Penal Code and shall have the powers and duties of an
administrative official or police officer under the Criminal
Procedure Code as prescribed by the Prime Minister.

Section 16. A regulation, announcement, order or an act
under this Emergency Decree shall be subject to neither the
law on administrative procedures nor the law on the
establishment of Administrative Court nor Administrative
Court Procedure.

Section 17. A competent official and a person having
identical powers and duties as a competent official under
this Emergency Decree shall no be subject to civil, criminal
or disciplinary liabilities arising from the performance of
functions for the termination or prevention of an illegal
act, provided that such act is performed in good faith, is
non-discriminatory, and is no unreasonable in the
circumstances exceeding the extent of necessity, but does no
preclude the right of a victim to seek compensation from a
government agency under the law on liability for wrongful act
of officials.

Section 18. Any person who violates a regulation,
announcement or order issued under section 9, section 10,
section 11, or section 13 shall be liable to imprisonment for
a term not exceeding two years or to a fine not more than
forty-thousand baht, or to both.

Section 19. The Prime Minister shall have charge and control
of the execution of this Emergency Decree.

Countersigned by:
Pol. Lt. Col. Thaksin Shinawatra
Prime Minister



BOYCE